U.S. patent number 3,789,211 [Application Number 05/271,808] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for decorative lighting system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Marvin Glass & Associates. Invention is credited to Norman Kramer.
United States Patent |
3,789,211 |
Kramer |
January 29, 1974 |
DECORATIVE LIGHTING SYSTEM
Abstract
A multi-channel lighting system which includes a lamp load for
each channel. Each channel is a nominally identical self-modulating
half-wave phase control circuit employing DC feedback to modify
both reference and pedestal levels in a dual frequency oscillator.
The result is a random off and on pattern for each channel. Each
lamp load is a different color which produces a random and dynamic
color light display in response to each channel for decorating
Christmas trees or the like.
Inventors: |
Kramer; Norman (Skokie,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Marvin Glass & Associates
(Chicago, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
23037179 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/271,808 |
Filed: |
July 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/231;
315/185S; 315/195; 340/331; 40/902; 315/199; 362/811 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H05B
39/09 (20130101); F21S 4/10 (20160101); F21S
10/04 (20130101); F21W 2121/04 (20130101); Y10S
40/902 (20130101); F21S 6/001 (20130101); F21Y
2115/10 (20160801); F21Y 2113/13 (20160801); Y10S
362/811 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21S
10/00 (20060101); F21S 10/04 (20060101); F21S
4/00 (20060101); H05B 39/09 (20060101); H05B
39/00 (20060101); H05b 037/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/1R,1T
;315/194,195,250,291,294,297,307 ;40/13R,13C
;340/331,334,335,340,341 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peters, Jr.; Joseph F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Coffee & Sweeney
Claims
I claim:
1. A decorative lighting system comprising:
an electrical power source;
a plurality of self-modulating half-wave phase control circuits
connected to said power source, said control circuits defining
multi-channel control means for independently and automatically
controlling power through each of the channels between on and off
in a repeating gradual and random fashion, each control circuit
including a dual frequency oscillator; and
a plurality of lamp loads capable of radiating light when triggered
on by a flow of power therethrough, each lamp load being connected
to a different control circuit, whereby each lamp load is triggered
on and off in a repeating gradual and random fashion with respect
to each other in response to the power through its respective
control circuit.
2. The lighting system of claim 1 wherein each of the lamp loads is
a different color.
3. The lighting system of claim 2 wherein the control circuit has
three channels and including translucent ornamental enclosure means
adapted to receive the three lamp loads therein whereby the
ornamental enclosure means exhibits a dynamically changing
mono-colored light.
4. The lighting system of claim 3 wherein the color of the lamp
loads are red, blue and green.
5. The lighting system of claim 1 wherein each lamp load includes a
string of colored lightbulbs.
6. The lighting system of claim 5 wherein the bulbs of each string
of lights is the same color and each string of lights has
differently colored bulbs than any other string of lights.
7. A decorative lighting system comprising:
an electrical alternating power source;
three self-modulating half-wave phase control circuits connected to
said power source for independently and automatically controlling
power through each of the three channels between on and off in a
repeating gradual and random fashion, each control circuit
including a dual frequency oscillator;
three strings of colored light bulbs capable of radiating light
when triggered on by a flow of power therethrough, each string of
lights being connected to a different control circuit, each first,
second, third, nth bulb respectively on each string defining a
group of corresponding bulbs; and
a translucent ornamental enclosure means adapted to receive a group
of three corresponding light bulbs from each string therein forming
a single string of a plurality of translucent ornaments, each bulb
in each ornament being a different color than the other two bulbs,
whereby each string of lights is triggered on and off in a
repeating gradual and random fashion with respect to the other
strings in response to its respective control circuit so that each
ornamental enclosure exhibits a dynamically changing mono-colored
light.
8. The lighting system of claim 7 wherein each bulb on each string
of lights is the same color and each string of lights has
differently colored bulbs than the other two strings of lights
whereby every ornamental enclosure will display the same
mono-colored light at any given instant in time.
9. The lighting system of claim 8 wherein one string of lights has
all red colored bulbs, the second string of lights has all blue
colored bulbs and the third string of lights has all green colored
bulbs.
10. The lighting system of claim 7 wherein each string of lights
has bulbs of identical groups of three different colors arranged in
a repeating order so that any three consecutive bulbs are different
in color and every third bulb is the same color, and every
corresponding bulb being a different color whereby every third
ornamental enclosure will display the same mono-colored light at
any given instant in time.
11. The lighting system of claim 8 wherein the three colors are
red, blue and green.
12. The lighting system of claim 8 wherein the control circuit
controls power through each channel between half full power and
off.
13. A decorative lighting system comprising:
an electrical alternating power source;
a self-modulating half-wave phase control circuit for independently
and automatically controlling power between on and off in a
repeating gradual and random fashion, each control circuit
including a dual frequency oscillator;
a lamp load capable of radiating light when triggered on by a flow
of power therethrough connected to said circuit whereby the lamp
load is triggered on and off in a repeating gradual and random
fashion in response to said control circuit; and
flicker means associated with said circuit whereby the lamp load is
caused to flicker when it is triggered on.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to decorative electric lighting systems.
2. Description of the Prior Art
With the advent of new advances in the electronics field,
decorative lighting in recent years has taken on greater
sophistication. It is well known in the art to provide flashing
lights which are connected to electrical circuitry. Most of the
circuitry has been of the type which give the lights connected to
it a non-random flashing characteristic. An example of circuitry
which will exhibit random characteristics is the self-modulating
half-wave phase control circuit shown in General Electric
Application Note No. 671.18 (Mar. 1969) at page 6. However,
lighting systems have not employed this type of circuitry to
produce a dynamically changing colored light display for
decorations.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of this invention is to provide a decorative
lighting system for use in association with a Christmas tree or the
like. The lighting system will produce randomly changing intensity
levels of light or lights which blend to display dynamically
changing colored lights. Another object is to provide a lighting
system which simulates the flickering of a candle in the
breeze.
These and other objects are accomplished in one form of the
invention currently contemplated by providing an electrical power
source, multi-channel control means connected to the power source
and a lamp load connected to each channel. The control means
controls the power through each of the channels in an independent
and random fashion between on and off. Each lamp load is caused to
slowly increase or decrease in intensity between on and off in
response to its respective channel. The control means is in the
form of a three channelled self-modulating half-wave phase control
circuit wherein each of the lamp loads exhibit a different color,
the three colors being red, blue and green.
In an embodiment of the invention, the lamp loads are in the form
of three strings of colored lightbulbs, each string connected to a
channel of the control circuit. An ornament in the form of a
translucent enclosure is adapted to house three bulbs, one from
each string. The three bulbs in the ornament are colored red, blue
and green. The ornament displays a gradual dynamically changing
mono-color light in response to the control circuit.
Another embodiment of the present invention is the addition of an
electrical component to the control circuit which causes a lamp
load to flicker when triggered on. The effect is that of a candle
flickering in a gentle breeze.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single channel circuit
comprising part of the system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a more detailed schematic diamgram of the circuit shown
in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three channel circuit comprising
part of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the load to be connected to the
circuit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a fragmented perspective view of a portion of a string of
ornaments to be connected to the circuit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a graphic representation of the intensity of the lamp
load of the circuit shown in FIG. 3 versus time;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another load which can be
connected to the circuit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a fragmented perspective view of a portion of another
string of ornaments; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a modification to the circuit
shown in FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
I. SINGLE CHANNEL PHASE CONTROL CIRCUIT
FIGS. 1 and 2 show a single channel phase control circuit which
comprises a part of the instant invention. Specifically, FIG. 1
illustrates a simplified half-wave phase control circuit, generally
designated 10, including an AC source 12, a load 14 in the form of
a lamp which gives off light when conducting current, a silicon
controlled rectifier (SCR), TR-1, and a triggering circuit 16.
Phase control is the rapid on-off switching which connects the load
to the AC source for a controlled fraction of each cycle by
governing the phase angle of the AC wave at which the circuit is
allowed to conduct current. The result in such a curcuit is a lamp
load 14 which is controlled in intensity.
The phase control in the circuit shown in FIG. 1 is effected by the
interaction of the SCR, TR-1, and the triggering circuit 16. The
SCR controls current in one direction only. Thus, the SCR, TR-1, is
capable of supplying current or power to the load lamp 14 in the
circuit during every positive half cycel.
The time period in which the SCR conducts during each half cycle
depends on the phase angle of the AC wave when the SCR id fired,
which is determined by the triggering circuit 16. After the SCR,
TR-1, is fired in response to the triggering circuit 16, current
will be conducted through the lamp load 14 causing excitation
thereof for the remainder of that particular half-cycle.
Turning now to FIG. 2, a complete detailed schematic diagram of the
circuit illustrated in FIG. 1 is shown. In essence, the circuit
shown in FIG. 2 is a self-modulating half-wave phase control
circuit employing DC feedback to modify both reference and pedestal
levels in the triggering circuit.
The triggering circuit is seen to be a dual frequency oscillator
having two notably different time constants which causes the
triggering angle to be swept slowly back and forth across the
10.degree. to 170.degree. range which is dark to half bright as far
as a light intensity is concerned.
A programmable unijunction transistor (PUT), TR-2, is arranged in
the triggering circuit to fire TR-1. The PUT, TR-2, can also be
thought of as a complementary SCR. When the gate voltage of TR-2
drops below the anode voltage current flows from anode to cathode
hence phase firing the SCR, TR-1.
In operation, when the circuit in FIG. 2 is first turned on, C1 and
C3 have no charge on them. Capacitor C4 quickly charges up to a
voltage greater than the gate voltage of TR-2. When this occurs,
TR-2 is triggered on which fires TR-1 causing the load lamp 14 to
come on brightly. On each succeeding cycle of operation, capacitors
C1 and C3 have a higher initial charge on them so that C4 cannot
charge to a voltage which would trigger TR-2 until much later in
the cycle. Since C3 charges at a faster rate through R7 than C1 and
through R3, R4 and R5 the lamp dims slowly. When the lamp
extinguishes, C1 discharges faster than C3 and the triggering angle
of TR-1 is advanced and the load lamp once again brightens. In this
manner, the load lamp is caused to vary slowly through the range of
160.degree. between off and half bright.
The purpose of R1 and the fuse F in the circuit is strictly for the
protection of TR-1, the SCR. Resistor R1 keeps the peak current
through the SCR within its maximum ratings in the event of a
shorted load as in the case of a lamp burnout.
II. THREE CHANNEL PHASE CONTROL SYSTEM
FIG. 3 shows a multi-channel phase control system, generally
designated 18, having three channels, generally designated 10A, 10B
and 10C. Each channel comprises the identical half-wave phase
control circuit 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and described above. The
three channels have the same components and are connected in
parallel across the AC source 12.
The resepctive lamp loads, 14A, 14B and 14C, of this system 18
comprise three strings of parallel or series connected Christmas
tree lights 20A, B and C having a plurality of individual
lightbulbs 22 as shown in FIG. 4. The only difference between each
of the three strings of light 20 is their color. Load 14A consists
of a red colored string of lighbulbs 22A, load 14B consists of a
blue colored string of lightbulbs 22B and load 14C consists of a
green colored string of lightbulbs 22C.
If a Christmas tree is decorated with these strings of lights, 20A,
B and C, in the usual manner and power is applied through each of
the three channels, 10A, B and C, all the strings of lights will
come on at once. However, due to the inherent component differences
between each of the channels, 10A, B and C, due to manufacturing
tolerances, the excitation of each lamp load, 14A, B and C, will
immediately begin to exhibit a true randomness by each channel
coming on sooner or staying off a little longer with respect to the
other channels. In this way the whole tree will be bathed in slow
changing colors causing dynamic reflection on the other decorations
on the tree.
The three strings of different colored lights 20A, B and C can be
modified somewhat by grouping the corresponding light-bulbs 22 from
each string 20 together in close proximity and enclosing the three
different colored bulbs within a frosted ornament 26 as shown in
FIG. 5 forming one string of ornaments (not shown). The
corresponding lightbulbs forming the group are the first bulb of
each string, the second bulb of each string, etc. The ornament 26
has a base 28 with three suitably sized openings 30A, 30B and 30C
formed therein for receiving the individual lightbulbs 22.
The total number of ornaments 26 in a string would be determined by
the number of bulbs 22 on each string of light 20. Each ornament 26
would have three small differently colored bulbs 22 in it and each
bulb therein would be part of a series string connected to one of
the channels 10A, B and C.
The frosted ornament 26 has the effect of muting and blending the
color components of the three differently colored bulbs 22. The
effect is to make the color of the lighted ornament 26 appear to be
one color at any given instant in time. However, the resultant
mono-color is constantly changing.
To better illustrate the dynamic color concept, FIG. 6 shows three
graphs, 24A, 24B and 24C depicting a typical display of intensity
versus time for the three channel system 18, each graph
corresponding to a channel 10A, B or C. It may be seen that light
intensity and the phase firing of each channel are continuously
varying with time. The colors blue, red and green are all the
colors which are necessary to perceptually make all of the colors
of the spectrum. Thus, the excitation of each of the three
different colored bulbs 22 in each ornament 26 at different times
and at different intensities, takes or adds some of the color
components of the respective ornament. This adding or taking away
of the color components provides unique blending giving a dynamic
random display theoretically covering all the colors of the
spectrum.
Each of the three strings of lights 20, as described above, can
have alternating colors. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 a string
of lights 32A connected to one channel 10 may have the first
lightbulb 34A red, the second lightbulb 36A blue, and the third
lightbulb 38A green, etc. The second string of lights connected to
the second channel in a like manner would have the first lightbulb
34B blue, the second 36B green and the third 38B red, etc. The
third string of lights connected to the third channel in the same
manner would have the first lightbulb green 34C, the second 36C red
and the third 38C blue, etc. In this manner every three lightbulbs
in succession of each string 32 repeat the same sequence of color
at a given instant in time.
The corresponding lightbulbs on each string of lights 32 (e.g.,
lights 34 A, B and C) are then enclosed within the frosted ornament
26 as described above. This arrangement then is similar to that
described above in that each ornament 26 has three different
colored bulbs enclosed therein. The difference is that every third
ornament 26 will be the same color at any given instant in time
after turning the system on rahter than every ornament being the
same color.
Because the circuit is half-wave operation, the voltage output can
only achieve a maximum of about 50 to 60 volts. Hence, for series
connected lamps in a string, the lightbulbs should be chosen with
regard to voltage and total number to insure sufficient color
output. Foe example, 25 three-volt lamps would total 75 volts. With
a maximum of say 55 volts available this string would have good
color purity from each lamp and still be running sufficiently below
maximum voltage per lamp to assure very long lamp life. The loads
could consist of parallel connected colored lights in a similar
manner as long as the toal load per channel does not exceed 150
watts nominal. In this manner as many as 25 six-watt colored bulbs
could be connected per channel.
Another use of the described three channel system is with a silver
tree. Three colored flood lamps each connected to a channel could
be placed at the base of the tree causing a very interesting
blending of colors far more effective than any of the color wheel
schemes because of the true randomness of the color patterns.
This three channel lighting system can also be used outdoors as
well as indoors by lighting appropriate floodlamps connected to
different channels. These lamps can be made to shine on a given
surface such as a front door or in a garden. Many other schemes are
possible and are limited only by the imagination of the user.
III. CANDLE FLICKER EFFECT
Another scheme for Christmass tree lighting can be effected by a
minor modification of the single channel circuit to produce a
unique candle flicker effect. With this modification, as ordinary
series string of lights can be transformed into realistic appearing
simulated candles.
FIG. 8 shows a simple molded plastic candle ornament 40 which is
adapted to slip over each bulb 42 on a string of lights 44. Each
bulb 42 is held in place by the wire 46 in a slotted base 48
forming the bottom of the candle ornament 40.
FIG. 9 shows two ways in which the circuit shown in FIG. 3 can be
modified to supply candle flicker operation to the candle ornaments
40. In the first of these two modifications a switch S-3 can be
placed in series with a 47K resistor R11 and this can be made to
shunt the diode D-2. With the switch closed a sufficiently large AC
component is allowed to reach TR-2. This defeats the timing
circuits and causes the output to flicker as would a candle flame.
With the switch open and no other changes in the circuit the output
would be restored to the original fading mode.
The second mode of candle flicker operation is produced by adding a
capacitor C-5 through a switch S-2 from the gate of TR-2 to ground.
Also R-7, the 82K resistor, is borken into two parts. R-7 becomes
47K and R-10 in series with it is a 50K adjustable resistor R11. No
other changes are required.
Unlike the uniform flicker of the candles as in the first mode, the
addition of capacitor C5 does not defeat the timing of the
oscillator. Instead, the flicker rate of the candles becomes
variable and by a minor adjustment of R-10 the flicker rate will
slowly modualte from a rapid flicker to a deep flicker for several
seconds and then slowly return to a rapid flicker. This effect is
much the same as a real candle flickering in a gentle breeze. As
before, by opening S-2 and removing the 0.06 0.07 MFD capacitor the
circuit immediately is restored to the fading mode of operation
instead of candle flicker.
The foregoing detailed description has been given for clearness of
understanding only and no unnecessary limitations should be
understood therefrom as some modifications will be obvious to those
skilled in the art.
* * * * *