U.S. patent number 3,789,194 [Application Number 05/178,571] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for relating to counting machines.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kirby Lester Electronics Limited. Invention is credited to John Kirby.
United States Patent |
3,789,194 |
Kirby |
January 29, 1974 |
RELATING TO COUNTING MACHINES
Abstract
A machine for counting articles, comprising means for dispersing
a flow of articles to be counted into separate streams, means for
providing a substantially even flow of articles to the dispersing
means, a detector associated with each stream for detecting each
article in that stream and counting means fed by the outputs from
all detectors for counting the total number of articles in all the
stream.
Inventors: |
Kirby; John (Manchester,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Kirby Lester Electronics
Limited (Oldham, Lancashire, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
10426311 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/178,571 |
Filed: |
September 8, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Sep 8, 1970 [GB] |
|
|
42867/70 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
377/6; 235/98C;
377/53; 377/19 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06M
1/101 (20130101); G06M 7/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G06M
7/02 (20060101); G06M 1/10 (20060101); G06M
1/00 (20060101); G06M 7/00 (20060101); G06m
001/272 () |
Field of
Search: |
;235/92V,92PC,92PK,98C
;193/2R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Henon; Paul J.
Assistant Examiner: Gnuse; Robert F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sughrue, Rothwell, Mion, Zinn &
Macpeak
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A machine for counting small, discrete articles, comprising a
cone having a vertical axis with its apex upwardly directed for
dispersing a flow of articles to be counted into separate falling
streams, said streams being divided by vertical partitions radially
arranged in an annular space around the base of the cone, means for
feeding a substantially even flow of articles to the dispersing
means comprising a plurality of spaced annuli having upper surfaces
which taper downwardly and inwardly, the annuli being arranged one
above another and all above the cone on an axis substantially
coinciding with the axis of the cone, a plurality of detectors
individually associated with each stream for detecting each article
in each falling stream, and counting means fed by the outputs from
all of the detectors for counting the total number of articles in
all of the streams.
2. A machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the detecting means for
each stream includes a photocell, the photocells being arranged on
a circle about a central illuminating lamp so that articles passing
down each stream interrupt the path of light from the lamp to the
respective photocell.
3. A machine for counting small, discrete articles, comprising a
cone having a vertical axis with its apex upwardly directed for
dispersing a flow of articles to be counted into separate falling
streams, means for feeding a substantialy even flow of articles to
the dispersing means, a plurality of detectors individually
associated with each stream for detecting each article in each
falling stream, counting means fed by the outputs from all of the
detectors for counting the total number of articles in all of the
streams, means responsive to said counting for determining the
article counting rate, and a warning system responsive to said
means for determining for issuing a warning when a predetermined
article counting rate of the machine is exceeded.
4. A machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the warning system also
inhibits the continued counting of the machine when the
predetermined throughput is exceeded and until the machine is
reset.
5. A machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein a signal is produced at
predetermined counts of equal intervals, timer means being provided
to establish predetermined intervals of time, and means for
providing a warning signal when an interval of count takes place
within an interval of time.
6. A machine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the timer means
comprises a pulse generator and a counter which counts the pulses
to a predetermined number to establish the predetermined interval
of time.
7. A machine as claimed in claim 3, wherein the satisfactory
operation of all the article detectors is obtained by simulating
the passing of an article at each detector and recording that the
total count of the counting means corresponds with the number of
detectors.
8. A machine as claimed in claim 7 wherein the detecting means for
each stream includes a photocell, the photocells being arranged on
a circle about a central illuminating lamp so that articles passing
down each stream interrupt the path of light from the lamp to the
respective photocell, and wherein the simulation is provided by
dimming the lamp once.
9. A machine as claimed in claim 7, wherein the counter is set to
zero after each simulation and count and if an unsatisfactory count
is obtained re-simulation takes place until a satisfactory count is
obtained, thereby preventing the machine from being used if failure
of one or more of the detectors has occurred.
Description
This invention relates to machines for counting articles, for
example tablets, pills or capsules.
According to the present invention, there is provided a machine for
counting articles, comprising means for dispersing a flow of
articles to be counted into separate streams, means for providing a
substantially even flow of articles to the dispersing means, a
detector associated with each stream for detecting each article in
that stream, and counting means fed by the outputs from all
detectors for counting the total number of articles in all the
streams.
Preferably, a warning system is provided for issuing a warning when
the accurate working throughput of the machine is exceeded.
An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by
way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the mechanical part of the
machine,
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine shown in FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 is a horizontal section taken at III--III of FIG. 1,
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a photocell and detector
circuit,
FIG. 5 is a block schematic diagram of the counter, dust level
detector, overspeed warning and self-checking arrangements,
FIG. 6 shows detail circuitry of the counter, dust level detector
and overspeed warning arrangements, and
FIG. 7 shows detail circuitry of the self checking arrangement.
The machine shown in FIG. 1, 2 and 3 for counting tablets, pills or
capsules comprises a vertically disposed, cylindrical casing 1 of
circular cross-section and a vertically disposed, cylindrical inlet
passage 2, also of circular cross-section, mounted coaxially on top
of the casing.
A series of spaced annuli 3 are secured to the internal wall of the
passage and have upper surfaces 4 which taper downwardly and
inwardly.
Mounted coaxially in the casing 1 vertically below the annuli 3 is
a dispersing cone 5. An annular passage 6 is defined between the
periphery of the base of the cone 5 and the internal wall of the
casing 1 and is divided into open-bottomed compartments 7 by a
series of radial partitions 8.
A photocell 9 is mounted just below the bottom of each compartment
7 adjacent the wall of the casing 1 and a single light source 10
for all the photocells 9 is mounted on the axis of the casing 1 in
substantially the same horizontal plane as the photocells 9. The
light source is powered by a smoothed D. C. supply.
A collecting chamber 11 and drawer 12 are provided at the bottom of
the machine.
In use, tablets to be counted enter the top of the inlet passage 2
and fall downwardly into the casing 1. The tapered annuli 3 in the
inlet passage 2 serve to break up any bunched group of tablets to
provide an even flow of tablets and also to concentrate the flow of
tablets along vertical axis of the casing 1. The tablets enter the
casing 1 and strike the cone 5 at or adjacent its apex to be
dispersed outwardly into the compartments 7 around the outside of
the cone 5. The tablets fall through the compartments 7, are
detected by the photocells 9 and finally pass into the collecting
chamber 11 and drawer 12.
Referring to FIG. 4, each photocell 9 is included in a separate
detecting circuit which also includes an amplifying circuit (based
on transistor T.sub.1) which amplifies the photocell output, a
trigger circuit (based on transistors T.sub.2 and T.sub.3) which
triggers with each falling ball of current caused by modulation of
the light on the photocell, resulting from the passage of a tablet,
and a differentiating circuit (based on transistor T.sub.4) which
differentiates each trigger pulse to provide a short duration
impulse (approximately 2 microseconds). These impulses are fed via
a diode D2 and in parallel with impulses from the other detecting
circuits to a suitably fast counting circuit shown in FIG. 5. The
output of the counting circuit feeds circuits for numeral indicator
tubes which digitally display the number of tablets counted.
Referring now to FIG. 5, the outputs of the sixteen detector
circuits pass through respective diodes to line 20, through a NOR
gate 21 to the counter 22. The output of counter 22 is fed to a
decoder and drive unit 23 for displaying the count on numerical
indicator tubes.
The machine is intended to be cleaned regularly to avoid the
photoelectric ells and the lamp from becoming obscured by dust
from, for example, uncoated tablets. To prevent the machine from
operating when the photocells and/or lamp are obscured by dust the
output of one of the photocells is taken on line 24 to a clamp
circuit 25. In clamp circuit 25, as will be apparent from FIG. 6,
there is a voltage reference didode in series with the photocell
output voltage. When the voltage of the cell rises above the
reference voltage current is passed to the base of transistor
T.sub.5 so that this transistor becomes conductive and clamps line
20 so that the impulses from the counting circuits are unable to
reach the counter. Thus, when the dust level exceeds a
predetermined value the counter is inhibited. At the same time a
signal is passed from clamp 25 to a latch 26 which becomes
conductive and operates a warning lamp 27 to give warning that
counting has stopped as a result of a high dust level.
A warning circuit is also provided which indicates if a
predetermined count rate representing the maximum accurate working
throughput of the machine, is exceeded. The warning circuit
comprises an oscillator 28, the output of which passes through a
pulse sharpener 29 and a gate 30 to a counter timer 31. When the
counted pulses from the oscillator reaches a predetermined count an
output is provided on line 32 to a second input of the gate 30 and
thus the further count of pulses is inhibited. By this means, a
time interval is provided with corresponds to a predetermined count
of oscillator pulses. The warning circuit also comprises a gate 33
which takes inputs from the units and tens counters of counter 22
and provides an output at certain counts (e.g. 18, 38, 58, 78 and
98). Each output of gate 33 provides a start signal which resets
counter timer 31 to zero so that a counting interval can commence.
The start signal also passes to a differentiator 34 so that sharp
pulses are provided at the input of a gate 35. Gate 35 has a second
input which receives a pulse from counter timer 31 corresponding
with the end of the timed period. If the timing period had not
expired before the start signal at the output of gate 33 reoccurs
(due to excessive speed of count) then gate 35 provides an output
which trips a bistable circuit 36, thus providing a signal which
activates an overspeed indicator 37 and which also passes to gate
21 and thereby inhibits the further counting of tablets. Provided
that the timed period expires before the occurrence of the next
start signal from gate 33 no overspeed indication is given and the
gate 21 is not inhibited.
The apparatus has sixteen separate photocells and detecting
circuits and it is important that the apparatus should be rendered
inoperative if any one or more of the detecting circuits becomes
faulty. A self checking circuit is therefore provided by making the
machine check itself every time the reset button 38 is pressed and
released. On release of button 38 the gate 39 provides an output
which is fed into the circuit 40 which produces a pulse of about 8
milliseconds duration. This pulse is fed to a transistor switch 41
which reduces the power supplied to lamp 10 so that a count of
sixteen should be produced in counter 22, i.e. a count from each
photocell, the counter 22 having already been set to zero by the
output of gate 39 passing to gate 42 to given an output at reset
A'. Bistable circuit 36 is also reset by the output of gate 39.
A gate 43 having eight inputs is connected to the counter so that a
count of 16 there is a signal on each of the eight inputs. When the
count of sixteen is present a charge of output is fed to a gate 44.
At the end of the lamp dipping pulse from the circuit 40, a pulse
is produced by pulse sharpener 45 which after being delayed in
delay circuit 46 provides a strobe pulse STR'. This strobe pulse is
passed to gate 44 and if the count of 16 is not indicated on the
other input of gate 44 then an output is provided on line 47
showing that the self-checking has failed. Monostable circuit 48
provides that the fail signal is given a predetermined duration.
This fail signal is passed to a second input of gate 39 so that
gate 39 gives an output corresponding to that of pressing the reset
button so that the rechecking operation is repeated until such
times that a satisfactory count is obtained. If the right answer
never comes, the machine will be found to be unusable by the
operator because it will be totally occupied in this self-checking
operation. When a satisfactory check is obtained the machine
becomes usable and so that the tablet count should commence from
zero the strobe pulse output of delay circuit 46 passes to a
further delay circuit 49 before passing to gate 42 which causes a
reset pulse on reset A', thus reseting the counter to zero.
FIGS. 5 and 6 show detail of the circuitry in the various blocks of
FIG. 5, the various sections of the circuit being identified by
similar reference numerals.
* * * * *