U.S. patent number 3,789,129 [Application Number 05/367,014] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for air-insulated coaxial high-frequency cable.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Felten & Guilleaume Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Hans Leo Ditscheid.
United States Patent |
3,789,129 |
Ditscheid |
January 29, 1974 |
AIR-INSULATED COAXIAL HIGH-FREQUENCY CABLE
Abstract
A tubular inner conductor has a first diameter and is provided
with annular corrugations adjacent ones of which are spaced from
each other by a distance smaller than 0.3 times the first diameter.
A coaxial tubular outer conductor surrounds the inner conductor and
defines therewith a clearance. The outer conductor is provided with
helical corrugations and has a larger second diameter. Spacers are
located in the clearance and engage the corrugations of the inner
and outer conductors. Adjacent ones of these spacers are spaced
axially of the conductors by a distance which is equal to between
0.6 and 0.75 times the sum of the first and second diameters.
Inventors: |
Ditscheid; Hans Leo (Refrath,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Felten & Guilleaume
Aktiengesellschaft (Cologne-Mulheim, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
6630750 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/367,014 |
Filed: |
June 4, 1973 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
Current U.S.
Class: |
174/28; 174/102D;
138/113; 333/243 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01B
11/1856 (20130101); H01B 11/1808 (20130101); H01P
3/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01B
11/18 (20060101); H01P 3/00 (20060101); H01b
011/18 () |
Field of
Search: |
;174/28,29,111,12D
;333/84R,77R,82B |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
703,929 |
|
Feb 1965 |
|
CA |
|
1,200,808 |
|
Aug 1970 |
|
GB |
|
1,133,270 |
|
Nov 1968 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Broome; Harold
Assistant Examiner: Grimley; A. T.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Striker; Michael S.
Claims
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters
Patent is set forth in the appended claims:
1. An air insulated coaxial high-frequency cable, comprising a
tubular inner conductor having a first diameter and provided with
annular corrugations adjacent ones of which are spaced from each
other by a distance smaller than 0.3 times said first diameter; a
coaxial tubular outer conductor surrounding said inner conductor
and defining therewith a clearance, said outer conductor being
provided with helical corrugations and having a larger second
diameter; and spacers located in said clearance and engaging the
corrugations of said inner and outer conductors, adjacent ones of
said spacers being spaced coaxially of said conductors by a
distance equal to between 0.6 and 0.75 times the sum of said first
and second diameters.
2. A cable as defined in claim 1, wherein said spacers are of
synthetic plastic material.
3. A cable as defined in claim 1, wherein said spacers each
comprise a plurality of spacing portions extending radially across
said clearance and being of substantially H-shaped cross-section,
each of said spacing portions having a radially outer periphery
provided with a pair of axially extending ribs which engage
respective corrugations of said outer conductor, and a radially
inner periphery including a part-circular support portion which
engages said inner conductor and embraces the same over
substantially 30.degree.-50.degree. of arc, said support portion
extending in axial direction by a distance corresponding to between
1.0 and 1.8 times the center-to-center spacing between consecutive
ones of said annular corrugations.
4. A cable as defined in claim 1, wherein said spacers each
comprise a plurality of circumferentially offset spacing portions,
and circumferentially extending springy portions connecting
respective ones of said spacing portions, said springy portions
being of substantially H-shaped cross-section and forming a
circumferentially incomplete annulus.
5. A cable as defined in claim 1; and further comprising a marking
provided in the cross-sectional plane of symmetry of the respective
spacer for facilitating positioning of the latter with reference to
said inner conductor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates generally to a coaxial cable, and
more particularly to an air insulated coaxial high-frequency
cable.
Coaxial high-frequency cable of the air insulated type is largely
governed in its power-handling capacity and efficiency by low
resistance and leakage losses. The proportion of the leakage losses
is particularly important, because these leakage losses --
resulting from the dielectric losses of the insulating material --
rise proportionally to the frequency. The resistance losses, caused
by the high frequency resistance of the conductors, increase only
with the root of the frequency. The resistance loss decreases as
the diameter of the cable increases, that is the larger the cable
diameter the lower the resistance loss. The leakage loss, however,
is independent of the cable diameter and is determined only by the
dissipation factor and the relative dielectric constant of the
insulating material. In terms of the construction of coaxial
high-frequency cables this means that the selection of suitable
insulating materials is the more important, the greater the cable
diameter and the greater the operating frequency at which the cable
is to be used. In addition to these requirements the insulating
material which is employed should be capable of being readily
manufactured and processed, and should have high elasticity. The
insulating material is, of course, used for the spacers which space
the inner from the outer conductor, and the latter must be so
configurated that the high mechanical stresses which occur in the
cable during the manufacture, installation and operation -- for
instance twisting and/or relative shifting of the conductors -- are
negated as much as possible.
A further important consideration is the longitudinal uniformity
when such cables are used for the transmission of television
signals, and in the decimeter and centimeter wave range.
One construction known from the prior art utilizes spacers which
are of an advantageous configuration insofar as their manufacture
is concerned. Such spacer uses a profiled strand of synthetic
plastic material which is wrapped helically about the inner
conductor. However, this construction also has an essential
disadvantage, namely the fact that the main strand of insulating
material which is wrapped about the inner conductor and is provided
with spacing portions, is located over its entire length in the
region of highest field strength and cannot be properly anchored so
that it tends to shift on the inner conductor, especially in
large-diameter cables.
A further proposal according to the prior art uses individual
injection molded spacers having spokes or projections which are
spaced circumferentially about the inner conductor and are
connected by annular portions of T-shaped cross-section, whereas
the cross-section of the spokes themselves resembles a cross. This
construction avoids the disadvantages of the first-mentioned
prior-art construction, but has its own problems in terms of its
support on the inner conductor. Moreover, it -- as all the other
prior-art constructions -- has the disadvantage that while it
engages the inner conductor it does not properly engage the outer
conductor in a sense that could prevent the latter from shifting
relative to the inner conductor. Moreover, the second prior-art
proposal using the individual spacers does nothing to prevent them
from twisting or turning and thereby displacement in direction of
the longitudinal axis of the cable. This is an effect which occurs
when during the manufacture of the cable forces act upon the
spacers in a rotational sense, for instance due to the operation
which causes the helical profiling of the outer conductor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to
overcome the aforementioned problems in air insulated coaxial
high-frequency cables.
More particularly it is an object of the present invention to
provide a novel cable of this type wherein the requirements made of
longitudinal uniformity and accuracy of the centering of the
conductors relative to one another, are met, in order to provide
the desired high-frequency power-handling capacity and efficiency,
but wherein the frequency range is not disadvantageously
influenced.
In keeping with these objects, and with others which will become
apparent hereafter, one feature of the invention resides in an air
insulated coaxial high-frequency cable which, briefly stated,
comprises a tubular inner conductor having a first diameter and
provided with annular corrugations adjacent ones of which are
spaced from each other by a distance smaller than 0.3 times the
first diameter. A coaxial tubular outer conductor surrounds the
inner conductor and defines therewith a clearance. The outer
conductor is provided with helical corrugations and has a larger
second diameter. Spacers are located in the clearance and engage
the corrugations of the inner and outer conductors, and adjacent
ones of these spacers are spaced axially of the conductors by a
distance equal to between 0.6 and 0.75 times the sum of the first
and second diameters.
The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the
invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The
invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its
method of operation, together with additional objects and
advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following
description of specific embodiments when read in connection with
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary axial section through a cable according to
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section through a spacer used in the cable of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a section taken on line III--III of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a section taken on line IV--IV of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Discussing the drawing now in detail and referring firstly to FIG.
1 it will be seen that the cable illustrated there has an inner
conductor 1 which is tubular and provided with annular
corrugations. Its outer diameter is identified with character d.
The inner conductor 1 is located coaxially within the tubular outer
conductor 3 whose diameter is designated with reference character
D. The conductors are held in precise coaxial relationship by a
plurality of axially spaced spacers 2.
Reference to FIG. 1 shows a side-elevational view of one of the
spacers 2 which are located in the clearance between the conductors
1 and 3. The spacer 2 has three spacer portions 4a, 4b and 4c which
are offset circumferentially through 120.degree. relative to one
another. The inner end of each of the portions 4a, 4b and 4c is
provided with a part-circular contact plate or portion 6 formed in
the plane of symmetry of the respective portions 4a, 4b or 4c with
a ridge 7. This ridge 7 extends into the depression between two
ridges of the corrugations on the inner conductor, whereas the
portion 6 bridges the depression and is supported on the adjacent
ridges bounding the same. The outer end of each of the portions 4a,
4b and 4c is provided with a pair of ridges, those of the portion
4a being identified with reference numeral 8a, those of the portion
4b with reference numeral 8b, and those of the portion 4c with
reference numeral 8c. These ribs or ridges 8a, 8b and 8c extend
axially of the spacer 2 and, hence, axially of the cable when the
spacer is installed. They serve to anchor the spacer with respect
to the outer conductor 3 in that they become plastically deformed
on engagement with the profiling of the latter.
Each of the spacers 2 further is provided with arcuate
circumferentially extending springy portions. The portion 5a
connects the portions 4a and 4b, and similarly the portion 5b
connects the portions 4b and 4c. It will be seen that the portions
5a and 5b do not define a circumferentially complete annulus, but
rather have extensions 10a and 10b, respectively, which project
beyond the portions 4a and 4c towards one another but leave a gap
as shown in FIG. 2. These projections 10a and 10b thus constitute
additional support for engagement with the inner surface of the
outer conductor 3. A marking 9 is provided, located in the plane of
symmetry of the respective spacer 2 and serving to facilitate the
proper positioning of the spacers on the inner conductor.
The portions 4a, 4b and 4c are of H-shaped or double-T-shaped
cross-section, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 4, and the
portions 5a and 5b are of analogous cross-section, as shown in FIG.
3.
The present invention has many advantages which are of considerable
importance in this particular field. By having the center-to-center
spacing of the annular corrugations of the inner conductor 1 be
less than 0.3 times the diameter d, I am able to obtain
particularly advantageous bending characteristics for the
construction. It has been observed that when an inner conductor
having a larger spacing is bent, as is inevitable during the
manufacture and certainly during the installation of such cables,
it stands to become permanently deformed at the bend, that is a
sharp bend tends to form rather than a mere curve. This is avoided
with the present invention.
Moreover, the proper anchoring of the spacers 2 in the corrugations
of the inner conductor 1, which is now possible with the
construction according to the present invention, makes it
impossible for the spacer 2 to shift axially of the inner conductor
1 due to turning movement.
In addition, the mechanical connection between inner and outer
conductor via the spacers 2 will always be retained under all
operating conditions, aside from which the particular configuration
of the cross-section of the spacers 2 is such as to have a
beneficial influence in terms of their mechanical performance and
in terms of their lack of interference with the electrical
characteristics of the cable. This is particularly important when
such cables are to be installed in high television towers.
By having the center-to-center spacing of axially adjacent ones of
spacers 2 in the range of between 0.6 and 0.75 times the sum of the
diameters d and D, that is of the electrically effective diameters
of the inner and outer conductors, I am able to make optimum
utilization of the operating frequency of the cable and to use the
cable -- despite its longitudinally periodical structure -- up to
the border frequency which is determined by the wave-type
conversion. It has been observed that larger center-to-center
spacing of the spacers 2 results in a reduction of the useful
operating frequency range, and smaller spacing results in a shift
of the border frequency which is electrically not utilizable and is
obtained at the expense of having to use more spacers and therefore
more plastic material which increases the cost of the cable. This
border frequency, incidentally, is so selected in accordance with
the present invention, in keeping with the requirements of the
specific geometric characteristics of the cable, that it will be
above the border frequency which is determined by the wave-type
conversion. This achieves the additional advantage that the lowpass
characteristic of the longitudinally periodic structure is made
ineffective.
By having the portions 4a, 4b and 4c provided with a radially
diverging double-T profile, and by providing the ribs 8a, 8b and
8c, the ribs can engage the profiling of the outer conductor 3
under plastic deformation. Using a double-T profile instead of a
single-T profile or the cross-shaped profile known from the prior
art, the larger surface area of the portions 4a, 4b and 4c results
in a reduction of the heat resistance between inner and outer
conductor. This in turn increases the transmissible R.F. power and
at the same time results in a stiffer construction of the portions
4a, 4b and 4c. These advantages are further enhanced by the fact
that the portions 6 with the ribs 7 are provided because this
particular construction permits the portions 4a, 4b and 4c to be
readily produced by injection molding with the use of a single
two-part mold. The ribs 7 extend into the depressions between
consecutive ridges of the annular corrugations of the inner
conductor 1, surrounding the inner conductor 1 over approximately
30-50 percent of arc. The dimensioning of the portions 6 such that
in axial direction of the cable their dimension corresponds to 1.0
- 1.8 times the spacing between consecutive corrugations, provides
for a further beneficial influence upon the bending characteristics
of the cable as well as the longitudinal uniformity thereof. By the
engagement of the ribs 7 between consecutive corrugations, and by
the embracing of the inner conductor over the aforementioned
portion of arc by the ribs 7 and the portion 6, the respective
spacer 2 will be reliably anchored to the inner conductor 1 even
under maximum stresses upon the cable, and it increases the
mechanical stresses which can be transmitted to the inner conductor
1 even in the region of maximum heating. This anchoring is
completed by the engagement of the ribs or ridges 8a, 8b and 8c
with the corrugations of the outer conductor 3. The fact that these
ribs 8a, 8b and 8c extend in axial direction of the cable makes it
possible for them to extend into the profiling of the outer
conductor, irrespective of the tolerance position of the conductors
and spacers, and the ribs then become plastically deformed so that
an anchoring effect is obtained which prevents turning and/or
shifting of the spacers 2 relative to and between the inner and
outer conductors, and which assures that the inner and outer
conductors will always be properly centered and the length
uniformity of the cable maintained, that is the conductors cannot
longitudinally shift relative to one another.
By having the portions 5a and 5b also configurated of
double-T-shaped profile, a minimum amount of material is required
to produce them while a maximum amount of strength is obtained for
these portions. The projections 10a and 10b extend by approximately
5.degree.-10.degree. passed the portions 4a and 4c, respectively,
and this further enhances the mechanical stability of the spacers
2, in conjunction with the double-T profile of the portions 4a, 4b
and 4c and of the portions 5a and 5b.
In addition, this configuration assures that that portion of the
spacers 2 which is in contact with the uneven profile of the outer
conductor will be wider, which is advantageous in terms of the
mechanical stresses which can be absorbed by the spacers as well as
in terms of the electrical characteristics of the cable and of the
prevention of relative axial shifting of the conductors.
By providing the marking 9 I obtain a further advantage. The
position of this marking makes it possible to arrange the spacers 2
on the inner conductor 1 in the same in which they were originally
located in the injection molding form. This negates the deviation
between the electrically effective mass symmetry plane and the
geometrical symmetry plane, which results from the deviation in the
two portions of the mold cavity provided in the two mold sections,
that is the deviation as to the dimensioning of these cavities.
However, even if the intended use is not made of the marking 9,
that is if the spacers 2 are not arranged in accordance with the
information conveyed by these markings, then the presence of the
marking in the cross-sectional plane of symmetry of the respective
spacer does not disadvantageously influence the electrical
characteristics of the cable.
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or
two or more together, may also find a useful application in other
types of constructions differing from the types described
above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied
in an air insulated coaxial high-frequency cable, it is not
intended to be limited to the details shown, since various
modifications and structural changes may be made without departing
in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the
gist of the present invention that others can by applying current
knowledge readily adapt it for various applications without
omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art fairly
constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific
aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should
and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of
equivalence of the following claims.
* * * * *