U.S. patent number 3,788,587 [Application Number 05/312,313] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for resilient column.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Stabilus Industrie-und Handelsgesellschaft mbH. Invention is credited to Hansjorg Stemmler.
United States Patent |
3,788,587 |
Stemmler |
January 29, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
RESILIENT COLUMN
Abstract
The single column supporting the seat of a stool or chair
consists of two telescoping tubes and a pneumatic spring in the
communicating bores of the tubes, the cylinder of the spring being
secured to the tube attached to the seat and the piston rod being
secured to the tube attached to the base of the chair by a spring
washer. A circumferential groove near the free end of the piston
rod is engaged by tongs extending into the central opening of the
spring washer so that the piston rod may be pulled loose of the
base and the associated tube by manual tension. The cylinder may be
attached to the seat by a variety of fasteners which either respond
to axial tension in the manner of the afore-described spring washer
or may be removed manually without the use of tools.
Inventors: |
Stemmler; Hansjorg (Koblenz,
DT) |
Assignee: |
Stabilus Industrie-und
Handelsgesellschaft mbH (Koblenz-Neuendorf, DT)
|
Family
ID: |
6625925 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,313 |
Filed: |
December 5, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
|
Dec 23, 1971 [DT] |
|
|
G 78 48 492.9 |
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
248/562; 248/404;
248/599; 248/631 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60N
2/509 (20130101); A47C 3/30 (20130101); B60N
2/527 (20130101); B60N 2/522 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47C
3/20 (20060101); A47C 3/30 (20060101); B60N
2/52 (20060101); B60N 2/50 (20060101); A47c
003/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;248/161,399,400,401,404
;297/345,347 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Frazier; Roy D.
Assistant Examiner: Gibson, Jr.; Robert W.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A resilient column comprising, in combination:
a. an elongated tubular element having a longitudinal axis;
b. a load carrier element;
c. a pneumatic spring partly received in said tubular element, said
spring including
1. a cylinder member elongated in the direction of said axis and
bounding a cavity therein,
2. a body of gas under a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure
in said cavity,
3. a piston slidable in said cavity in said direction in sealing
engagement with said cylinder member, and
4. a piston rod member fastened to said piston for joint movement,
a portion of said piston rod member projecting from said cylinder
member in said direction;
d. first fastening means securing said cylinder member to one of
said elements; and
e. second fastening means securing said piston rod member to the
other element,
1. at least one of said fastening means including yieldably
resilient catch means responsive to manual tension applied to said
elements in said direction for releasing one of said members from
the element fastened thereto by said one fastening means.
2. A column as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one element is
said load carrier element.
3. A column as set forth in claim 2, wherein said load carrier
element has a tubular portion enveloping said cylinder member in
telescoping engagement with said tubular element.
4. A column as set forth in claim 3, further comprising base means
fastened to said tubular element for holding said axis upright when
said base means is set on a horizontal surface.
5. A column as set forth in claim 4, wherein said load carrier
element has a load receiving face extending from said axis in all
radial directions and substantially horizontal when said axis is
upright.
6. A column as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one fastening
means secures said piston rod member to said tubular element, and
said catch means includes a centrally apertured spring disc having
a plurality of integral tong portions projecting into the central
aperture thereof, and securing means axially securing said spring
disc in said tubular element, said piston rod member being formed
with at least one recess receiving said tong portions when said
piston rod member is fastened to said tubular element.
7. A column as set forth in claim 6, wherein said piston rod member
tapers from said at least one recess in a direction away from said
piston for facilitating insertion of said piston rod member into
said central aperture.
8. A column as set forth in claim 6, further comprising abutment
means on said tubular element preventing axial movement of said
piston rod member under compressive forces applied to said elements
beyond a position of engagement of said recess in said piston rod
member by said tongs.
9. A column as set forth in claim 8, wherein said abutment means
include an abutment member, said securing means jointly securing
said abutment member and said spring disc in said tubular
element.
10. A column as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one fastening
means secures said cylinder member to said load carrier element,
said cylinder member and said load carrier element constituting a
pair of releasably fastened members, one member of said pair being
formed with a recess transverse to said axis, and said catch means
being mounted on the other member of the pair and extending into
said recess of the one member of the pair when fastening the
members of said pair to each other.
11. A column as set forth in claim 10, wherein said catch means
include a catch member and yieldably resilient means biasing said
catch member inward of the recess in said one member of said
pair.
12. A column as set forth in claim 1, wherein said one fastening
means secures said piston rod member to said tubular element, said
catch means being operatively interposed between said piston rod
member and said tubular element, said first fastening means
including manually releasable means for securing said cylinder
member to said load carrier element.
13. A column as set forth in claim 12, wherein said load carrier
element has a tubular portion enveloping said cylinder member in
telescoping engagement with said tubular element, said tubular
portion being formed with a radial bore, said cylinder member being
formed with a recess aligned with said bore, and said manually
releasable means include a locking member accessible from outside
said tubular portion and passing through said bore into the recess
of said cylinder member.
14. A column as set forth in claim 13, further comprising yieldably
releasable means outside said tubular portion and biasing said
locking member inward of said bore and of said recess.
15. A column as set forth in claim 13, further comprising abutment
means on said load carrier element preventing axial movement of
said cylinder member under compressive forces applied to said
element beyond a position of engagement of said recess in said
cylinder by said locking member.
16. A column as set forth in claim 1, wherein said piston separates
two compartments in the cavity of said cylinder member, and said
pneumatic spring further includes by-pass valve means operable for
connecting said compartments and for sealing the same.
Description
This invention relates to resilient columns including a pneumatic
spring interposed between a tubular element and a load carrier
element, as in a resilient leg for a chair or table, and
particularly to a column whose pneumatic spring may be readily
removed and installed for maintenance or replacement.
It is known to mount chair seats on single tubular columns in which
a pneumatic spring is interposed between the base of the column and
a load carrier element such as the seat of the chair. The pneumatic
springs employed are similar in structure to automotive shock
absorbers of the cylinder-and-piston type. Like shock absorbers,
the pneumatic springs are usually welded shut, and also like shock
absorbers, they need to be removed from time to time to replenish
their compressed gas filling or to replace them altogether. While
the useful life of a pneumatic spring in a chair of the type
described is normally longer than that of an automotive shock
absorber, the life of the other chair structure is usually much
longer, making it worthwhile to replace the pneumatic spring rather
then to discard the chair.
It is the primary object of the invention, therefore, to provide a
column suitable for use in a chair or similar piece of furniture
rendered resilient by a built-in pneumatic spring of the
piston-and-cylinder type, from which the pneumatic spring may be
removed readily, and preferably without the use of tools, and in
which the repaired spring or a replacement spring may be installed
in an equally simple manner.
With this object and others in view, the invention provides a
resilient column comprising an elongated tubular element having a
longitudinal axis, a load carrier element, and a pneumatic spring
partly received in the tubular element. The cylinder of the spring
is elongated axially of the tubular element and bounds an internal
cavity which encloses a body of gas under a pressure higher than
atmospheric pressure. A piston in the cavity slides axially in
sealing engagement with the cylinder walls. A piston rod fastened
to the piston for joint movement partly projects from the cylinder
in an axial direction. First and second fastening means
respectively secure the cylinder and the piston rod to the
afore-mentioned two elements, and at least one of the fastening
means includes a yieldably resilient catch mechanism which responds
to manual tension applied to the elements in an axial direction for
releasing the cylinder or piston rod from the element fastened
thereto.
Other features, additional objects, and many of the attendant
advantages of this invention will readily be appreciated as the
same becomes better understood by reference to the following
detailed description of preferred embodiments when considered in
connection with the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a fragmentary, elevational view of a chair including a
resilient column of the invention in section on the upright axis of
the column;
FIG. 2 shows a catch member of the column in FIG. 1 in plan
view;
FIG. 3 shows a modification of the top portion of the chair of FIG.
1 in a corresponding view;
FIG. 4 illustrates another modification of the same chair portion
in the manner of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 shows an element of the column of FIG. 4 in plan view;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary, elevational section of yet another
modification of the top portion of the chair in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 shows an element of the column of FIG. 6 in plan view;
and
FIG. 8 shows the pneumatic spring substantially common to the
several embodiments of the invention in elevational section on its
axis.
Referring now to the drawing in detail, and initially to FIG. 1,
there is illustrated a stool whose seat 1 is shown without the
upholstered cushion normally fastened on the horizontal,
load-receiving, upper face of the illustrated load carrier
structure. A tubular portion 2 of the load carrier structure
depends from the center of the seat to which it is welded, and is
coaxially slidable in a plastic sleeve 3 in a tubular element 5.
The element 5 is held upright by a base 6 consisting of three legs
equiangularly arranged about the common axis of the element 5, the
sleeve 3, and the tubular portion 2, only parts of two legs being
seen in FIG. 1.
The bottom end of the tubular element 5 is closed by a radial wall
7 which is centrally dished so as to define a recess or receptacle
8 for the abutting lower end 18 of a piston rod 10. The rod is
cylindrical and has a circumferential groove 9 at the base of the
end 18 which tapers approximately hemispherically toward the wall
7. A spring washer or apertured disc 11, better seen in FIG. 2, has
a peripheral portion which is axially confined between a rigid
washer 15 and the wall 7 and is surrounded by an annular gap 25. An
annular corrugation 12 of the tubular element 5 and an annular
welded seam 16 attaching the circumference of the wall 7 to the
element 5 axially secure the spring washer 11. Radial tongs or
catches 14 project from the continuous peripheral portion of the
washer 11 into the central aperture 13 of the washer 11, the
dimensions of the aperture 13 and the tongs 14 being chosen so that
the tapering end 18 can be pushed through the aperture 13, bending
the tongs 14, until the latter are seated in the groove 9 while the
end 18 abuts against the wall 7.
The piston rod 10 is one of the two externally visible members of a
pneumatic spring, the other member being a cylinder 17 which is
received with some clearance in the tubular portion 2 of the seat
structure. The upper end of the tubular portion 2 is lined by a
bushing 19 having an inner wall of stepped, cylindrical shape. An
axial slot 20 in the thicker wall portion of the bushing 19 movably
receives the shorter arm of a valve operating lever 21 fulcrumed
for movement about a horizontal axis in a bracket 22 on the
underside of the seat 1. The lever 21 acts on a slide valve 23 in
the cylinder 17 as will presently be explained with reference to
FIG. 8.
A shoulder 24 on the bushing 19 between its thicker and thinnner
wall portions provides an annular, radial abutment face for the top
wall of the cylinder 17. The cylinder is releasably fastened to the
tubular portion 2 of the seat 1 by circumferentially distributed
spherical locking or catch members 4 biased by helical compression
springs 27 in pockets 40 in the heavy top wall 41 of the cylinder
17 into engagement with recesses 28 in the bushing 19.
As is seen in FIG. 8, the pneumatic spring, whose basic features
are common to the several embodiments of the invention, has a
piston 47 fixedly fastened to the inner end of the piston rod 10.
The piston sealingly engages the inner wall of the cylinder 17 and
divides the cylinder cavity into two compartments 17a, 17b. The
valve 23 is generally rod-shaped, but its inner end is enlarged and
normally held against the top wall 41 of the cylinder 17 by the
pressure of compressed nitrogen which fills the cylinder 17. A
by-pass duct 46 connects the valve 23 to the compartment 17b, and
is opened for flow of gas between the compartments 17a, 17b when
the valve 23 is depressed by the lever 21 against the restraint of
the gas in the cylinder cavity and of a non-illustrated valve
spring. An annular notch 48 in the valve rod 23 is wide enough to
bridge the wall separating the duct 46 from the compartment
17a.
When the valve 23 is opened manually while the seat 1 is not
occupied, the gas pressure in the cylinder 17 expels the piston rod
10, and the resulting increase in the effective length of the
pneumatic spring causes outward telescoping movement of the tubular
portion 2 from the tubular element 5, and a raising of the seat 1
relative to the base 6. When the valve 23 is opened while the seat
1 is occupied by a person of average weight, the pneumatic spring
is shortened by the compressive forces applied to the element 5 and
the seat 1, as the piston rod 10 is driven inward of the cylinder
17. When the valve 23 is closed by releasing the lever 21, the gas
in the upper compartment 17a is resiliently compressed by the
weight of the person occupying the seat 1, and the seat 1 moves
slightly up and down as the effectively applied weight is shifted,
reduced, or increased. The pneumatic spring shown in FIG. 8 and its
mode of operation are known in themselves, for example, from German
Pat. No. 1,208,557.
As the frictionally engaged surfaces of the piston 47 and the
cylinder 17 wear, the seat 1 tends to sink under an applied load
even when the valve 23 is closed, and opening of the valve 23 does
not cause spontaneous rising of the unoccupied seat. The pneumatic
spring must be repaired or replaced, the latter operation being
normally more economical.
When tension is applied manually or otherwise to the seat 1 and the
base 6 or otherwise to the tubular element 5 and the carrier
structure, such as the tubular portion 2, while the piston is fixed
in the cylinder 17 by the gas in the cylinder or by abutment
against the annular bottom wall of the cylinder, the spherical
locking members 4 are readily displaced inward of the recesses 28,
and the cylinder 17 slips out of the tubular seat portion 2. The
exposed cylinder 17 may then be grasped and pulled axially out of
the tubular element 5, the resilient tongs 14 of the spring washer
11 being flexed by the applied tensional forces until they slip out
of the groove 9.
Another pneumatic spring may then be inserted by reversing the
steps described above. The piston rod 10 is first anchored in the
spring washer 11, and the seat structure is thereafter slipped over
the cylinder 17 until the locking members 4 drop into the recesses
28. The edges of the pockets 40 in the cylinder 17 receiving the
spherical members 4 are preferably peened over in a known manner,
not shown, to prevent release of the locking elements under the
pressure of the springs 27 in the absence of the tubular portion
2.
The modified embodiments of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3 to
7 differ from that described above with reference to FIG. 1 in the
load carrier structure and its cooperation with the pneumatic
spring only. The fastening arrangement employed for securing the
piston rod 10 to the base structure is unchanged in the devices
partly illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 7, and will not again be
described.
The spring-loaded, spherical locking elements 4 are replaced in the
modified structure of FIG. 3 by rubber plugs 31, and the tubular
portion 2' of the seat 1 is correspondingly modified to provide
radial bores 34 axially aligned with a circumferential groove 26 in
the spring cylinder 17', not otherwise significantly different from
the afore-described cylinder 17.
Each plug 31 has a head 42 large enough not to pass through an
associated bore 34. A reduced neck 43 between the head 42 and the
larger, but compressible body 44 of the plug is received in the
bore 34, while the conically tapering small end 45 of the plug
enters the groove 26. The plugs 31 may permit the cylinder 17 to be
pulled manually from the seat 1 as described above with reference
to FIG. 1, but the plugs may also be withdrawn manually by grasping
their heads 42 before disassembling the chair. The bushing 19' is
axially shorter than the bushing 19 shown in FIG. 1 and of uniform
wall thickness over its entire length. The annular abutment face 24
engaging the top wall of the cylinder 17' thus is an end face of
the bushing.
The plugs 31 arranged in a common radial plane in the apparatus of
FIG. 3 are replaced in the further modified chair partly seen in
FIG. 4 by two wire springs 29, circularly arcuate in the relaxed
condition shown in FIG. 5, except for one longitudinal end portion
30 which is bent radially inward. Two axially offset grooves 35 in
the outer cylindrical face of the tubular seat portion 2", not
otherwise different from that described with reference to FIGS. 1
and 3, receive the arcuate portions of the wire springs 29, while
the radial end portions 30 pass through respective radial bores 34'
in the tubular portion 2" into respective narrow, circumferential
grooves 26a, 26b in the cylinder 17" which is otherwise the
structural and functional equivalent of the afore-described
cylinders.
It is not normally practical to pull the cylinder 17" from the seat
1 against the restraint of the springs 29, but the springs are
readily removed without the use of tools.
The chair partly illustrated in FIG. 6 differs from that seen in
FIG. 3 by the provision of locking elements 33 which are metallic
plugs extending through diametrically opposite radial bores 34 in
the tubular seat portion 2 into a groove 26 of the spring cylinder
17'. The rigid plugs 33 are held in position by an approximately
semicircular leaf spring 32, and are readily withdrawn from the
bores 34 and the groove 26 when it is desired to replace the
pneumatic spring, and returned to their operative position shown in
FIG. 6 after insertion of a new pneumatic spring, the proper
position of the cylinder being determined by abutting engagement
with the radial face 24 of the sleeve 19'.
It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing disclosure
relates only to preferred embodiments of the invention, and that it
is intended to cover all changes and modifications of the examples
of the invention herein chosen for the purpose of the disclosure
which do not constitute departures from the spirit and scope of the
invention set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *