U.S. patent number 3,788,543 [Application Number 05/289,202] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for uniform size particle generator.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy. Invention is credited to Irwin Koff, Pierre St. Amand.
United States Patent |
3,788,543 |
St. Amand , et al. |
January 29, 1974 |
UNIFORM SIZE PARTICLE GENERATOR
Abstract
A method and apparatus is disclosed for generation of fine
particles, for ample of silver iodide, from a nebulizer for cloud
seeding. The nebulizer comprises a large container in which is
maintained a constant level of a combustible or highly volatile
solution such as an acetone solution of silver iodide. An
ultra-sonic generator in the base of the container produces micron
size droplets of the solution in the airspace above the solution.
The droplets are forced out of the container by a stream of solvent
laden air into a burner or vent which burns or evaporates the
solvent. Fine particles of the solute silver iodide remain for the
cloud seeding operation.
Inventors: |
St. Amand; Pierre (China Lake,
CA), Koff; Irwin (China Lake, CA) |
Assignee: |
The United States of America as
represented by the Secretary of the Navy (Washington,
DC)
|
Family
ID: |
23110485 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/289,202 |
Filed: |
September 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/2.1;
239/14.1; 239/102.2; 239/136; 261/DIG.48 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G
15/00 (20130101); Y10S 261/48 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01G
15/00 (20060101); A01g 015/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/2,14,102,136,142 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Schacher; Richard A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Sciascia; R. S. Miller; Roy Baker;
Gerald F.
Claims
We claim:
1. A process for the seeding of clouds using ice nucleating
particles including the steps of:
dissolving a salt in a combustible solvent to form a solution;
ultrasonically agitating said solution to provide an airborn
collection of irregular droplets;
forcibly moving a stream of solvent laden air to create an airborn
stream of said irregular droplets away from said solution;
separating and returning the larger droplets from said stream to
said solution such that the resulting droplet stream comprises a
narrow size spectrum of fine droplets of said solution;
dissipating the solvent from said resulting stream of fine
droplets; and dispensing the resulting particles of solute into the
atmosphere.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the solvent is dissipated by
evaporation.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein the salt used is silver
iodide.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the solvent is dissipated by
burning.
5. The process of claim 4 wherein the salt used is silver
iodide.
6. Means for producing uniform particles comprising:
a first enclosed container;
a salt solution in said container;
ultrasonic means agitating said solution in said container to
produce a cloud of airborn droplets of solution;
a second container communicating with said first container and
being partially filled with solvent;
forced air circulating means causing movement of said cloud of
droplets by means of a stream of air forced through said
solvent;
a vent defining a passageway for said cloud of droplets out of said
container;
a plurality of baffles in said vent causing removal and return of
larger droplets from said cloud of droplets; and means external of
said vent and in the path of said cloud of droplets for dissipating
said solvent.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said solution comprises a
volatile solvent and said means for dissipating is a burner.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said solution comprises a
combustible solvent and said dissipating means serves to ignite
said solvent in said cloud of droplets.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said solution consists of
silver iodide and acetone.
10. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein said solution comprises silver
iodide.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to weather modification and more
particularly to the seeding of clouds using ice-nucleating
particles, for example silver iodide. Cloud seeding using crystals
of silver iodide for example, has been accomplished by a combustion
process of vaporizing silver iodide at a high temperature and
causing it to recrystallize or by spraying into the atmosphere a
solution of silver iodide in ammonia or by burning a solution of
silver iodide in acetone.
These procedures, with variation, have been tested and used over a
period of years with varying degrees of success depending upon the
cloud conditions. It has been found, however, that these prior
attempts at weather modification were erratic and
unpredictable.
On the theory that control of particle size would result in more
efficient and predictable cloud seedings, an apparatus according to
the present invention was developed to provide minute particles of
uniform size. These particles of controlled size and specific
material can be used as cloud seeding nuclei to freeze supercooled
water droplets at desired freezing temperatures within a particle
cloud with greater realiability and predictability.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a uniform particle size generator
according to the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a graphic illustration of test data obtained from two
test of an apparatus according to FIG. 1.
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The particle sizing process according the invention involves the
use of an ultrasonic nebulizer, one form of which is generally
indicated by numeral 10 in FIG. 1. The nebulizer 10 comprises a
neublizing chamber 12 mounted on a base 14. A combustible or highly
volatile solution 16 of desired solute concentration is shown
within the chamber 12. A piezoelectric crystal 18, for example is
located at the bottom of the nebulizing chamber and separated
therefrom by a plastic energy transfer diaphragm 19. Acutation of
said crystal generates sufficient ultrasonic energy to cause
relatively uniform droplets to form from the solution. The micron
size droplets thus generated in the nebulizing chamber, form a
continuous cloud that is continually removed from the chamber by
the movement of solvent saturated air indicated by arrows 20. For
this purpose a blower 22 is provided having a discharge nozzle 23
below the surface of solution 26 in container 24. Container 24
connects with the chamber 12 through tube 28. During operation,
this solvent saturated air moves the cloud of droplets out of
chamber 12 through a vent 30 having a plurality of buffers 31 and
terminating at its outer end in a burner 32, for example, where the
cloud of solvent etc. may be ignited by a glow plug or other
igniter 34.
Burner 32 is shown surrounded by a structure 36 which may be closed
by a sized screen that would further refine the segregation of
large and small drops. As the solvent burns or evaporates, the
solute residue remains in the form of dry particles of a
predetermined uniform size. The size of the particles is controlled
primarily by the concentration of the solute in the solvent and
secondarily by nebulizing parameters including solution level,
input energy to the ultrasonic generator, solution viscosity,
etc.
PRELIMINARY ICE NUCLEI ACTIVITY TESTS
Two initial nuclei activity tests were conducted in a 24 cubic
meter cold chamber. The first was performed without a liquid
leveler in the nebulizing chamber and a 1-mil thick plastic (Mylar)
energy transfer diaphram. A minimum power setting was used. The
subsequent test utilized a constant liquid level system 40, 42, 44
and a 5-mil thick Mylar diaphram 19. A medium power setting was
used. Data obtained from the two tests are presented in FIG. 2. The
data of the latter test indicate that the size of the nuclei is an
important factor with regard to nuclei freezing threshold.
Although the above method and apparatus has been described in terms
only with respect to cloud seeding with silver iodide, obviously
many other solutions may be utilized in the nebulizer not only for
weather modification and fog dispersal but also for medication and
other commercial application.
* * * * *