U.S. patent number 3,788,496 [Application Number 05/161,587] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for car loading apparatus.
Invention is credited to Freling E. Baker, Wells A. Webb.
United States Patent |
3,788,496 |
Webb , et al. |
January 29, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CAR LOADING APPARATUS
Abstract
There is disclosed a method and apparatus for assembling and
loading cartons into transport vehicles such as trucks and railway
cars. The apparatus includes a turning mechanism in combination
with a conveyor for orienting a plurality of cartons into unit
stacks which are assembled into tiers of stacks having pre-selected
dimensions to fit a given cargo space. Mechanical means are then
used for inserting the assembled stacks into available cargo space
to make a tight fit.
Inventors: |
Webb; Wells A. (Berkeley,
CA), Baker; Freling E. (San Francisco, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22581817 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/161,587 |
Filed: |
July 12, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
414/789.3;
414/900; 414/788; 414/347; 414/789.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B66F
9/06 (20130101); B65G 57/28 (20130101); B65G
67/02 (20130101); B65G 67/04 (20130101); Y10S
414/114 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65G
67/04 (20060101); B65G 67/02 (20060101); B66F
9/06 (20060101); B65G 57/00 (20060101); B65G
57/28 (20060101); B65g 057/28 (); B65g
067/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;214/41,1Q,1QA,6C,6S |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Sheridan; Robert G.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Charles M. Fryer et al.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Loading means for use in combination with a lift truck and
including means for assembling layers of cartons into stacks to be
fitted into a three-dimensional cargo space having a support
surface, said means comprising:
a support platform having a support surface for supporting cartons
at substantially the same height as the support surface of said
cargo space;
said support platform including conveying means for conveying
cartons to a position to be loaded into said cargo space;
turning means operatively associated with said platform to receive
rows of cartons, convert said rows into stacks and deposit said
stacks on said platform;
movable stop means operative to move along said conveying means to
accumulate and position stacks of said cartons on said support
platform; and,
first guide means disposed in laterally spaced vertical planes
disposed transverse to and to one side of said conveyor means for
alignment with an opening into said cargo space for guiding
selected stacks into said cargo space; and,
support means including second guide means disposed on the opposite
side of said conveying means from said first side means to support
and guide a lift truck in alignment with said first guide means for
guiding said lift truck for moving said stack into said cargo
space.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said turning means comprises a
pair of support surfaces disposed at a fixed right angle to one
another and each of said surfaces operative to tilt to and from the
surface of said conveying means.
3. The invention of claim 2 wherein said support surfaces each
comprise endless belt means, and one of said belt means is movable
when in its vertical position along the other of said belt
means.
4. The invention of claim 2 wherein said conveying means comprise a
plurality of endless belts disposed in parallel relation; and
said turning means comprise L-shaped arms which are pivotally
disposed between said belts.
5. The invention of claim 4 comprising means extending between said
belts and movable to support said stacks of cartons above said
conveying means to permit removal therefrom by a lift truck.
6. The invention of claim 4 wherein said arms are adjustable in
length to adjustably select a predetermined number of cartons.
7. The invention of claim 1 comprising adjustable support means to
lift and support said cartons above said conveying means and for
supporting said lift truck for traversing said conveying means.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is related to article or carton handling, and
pertains more particularly to a method and apparatus for assembling
cartons into stacks of predetermined dimensions to fit a particular
cargo space.
Fruits, vegetables and other produce are usually shipped from
packaging plants to consumer outlets in cartons having generally
rectangular sides. Such cartons usually have to be handled several
times before being loaded on a transport vehicle to be shipped to
consumer outlets. For example, the cartons may be loaded onto
pallets and placed in storage areas until loaded into trucks or
freight cars for transport. The cartons usually have to be loaded
or stacked by hand onto the pallets and then transferred again by
hand from the pallets to a truck or freight car. The loaded pallets
normally cannot be loaded into the transport vehicle because of
incompatible dimensions. That is, the cartons normally will not
closely fit the space available either as to lateral dimensions or
vertical dimensions. For example, the vehicle may be wide enough to
take 2 1/2 pallet loads and high enough to take 1 1/2 pallet loads.
Moreover, the roof of most vans and railway cars are not high
enough to permit a lift truck to raise a pallet high enough to
place it atop another stack. Thus, a great deal of manual handling
which is both slow and expensive becomes necessary.
This problem is compounded because cartons differ in size from
packer to packer and trucks and freight cars also differ in
dimensions. Skilled loaders are normally employed to stack cartons
in a truck or railway car in a manner so that they will not shift
or vibrate when the vehicle is under way. Such cartons are normally
overlapped and interlocked to make a snug pack. Loading in this
manner is slow, and also expensive because of the time involved and
because loaders normally receive a premium for stacking cartons
over a certain height.
The above-described manner of handling cartons is particularly
troublesome in industries where cartons must be handled a number of
times before being placed on a transport vehicle for shipment to a
distant market. An example of such an industry is the lettuce
industry.
In accordance with present practice, heads of lettuce are placed in
boxes or cartons when harvested in the field, placed on a field
truck, as shown in "Industrial Refrigeration" May, 1954, page 16,
and then taken to a cooling plant where they are cooled before
loading into railway cars and vans for shipment to consumers.
Existing cooling chambers are not tall enough or of correct width
to receive stacks of cartons of sufficient height and width to fit
the cargo space of present railway cars and vans. Therefore, in
order to fill railway cars and large vans to capacity, layers must
be added to such stacks, and the shape of the stacks must be
altered by hand.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a
method and apparatus to overcome the above problems of the prior
art by providing means to assemble cartons into stacks of a
pre-determined dimension.
Another object of the present invention is to provide apparatus for
orienting layers of cartons into unit stacks and assembling said
unit stacks into multi-unit stacks.
A further object of the present invention is to provide an
apparatus for arranging layers for cartons into stacks to fit a
given cargo space.
A further object is to provide method and apparatus to transport
and deposit arranged stacks into given cargo space.
A further object is to arrange tiers on paper pallets that
facilitate mechanical loading and unloading of the vehicle by lift
trucks.
A further object is to teach a method for loading lettuce cartons
on field trucks to facilitate later mechanical handling.
In accordance with the present invention, a conveyor mechanism is
provided with an apparatus for orienting layers of cartons into
tiers of selected height and assembling a plurality of the tiers
and layers into a stack of selected dimension. The assembled stack
is then oriented and deposited into the cargo space.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention
will become apparent from the following description when read in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a harvesting and shipping operation
employing the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a preferred arrangement of cartons
at point of harvest for presentation to the apparatus of the
present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of
the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an elevational view of the apparatus of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a detailed view of the turning mechanism of the apparatus
of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6;
FIG. 7 is an elevational view of an alternate embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the apparatus of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a detailed plan view of an assembler and lift section
such as shown generally at the right hand portion of the system
shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 10 is an elevational view partially in section of a portion of
the assembler and support means of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a fragmentary view of a portion of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is an elevational view of a portion of the support
mechanism of FIG. 10;
FIG. 13 is a schematic layout of a hydraulic circuit for the
apparatus of FIG. 4;
FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of an alternate embodiment of
the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a side elevational view of the embodiment of FIG.
14;
FIG. 17 is a schematic layout of a hydraulic control system for the
embodiment of FIG. 14;
FIG. 18 is a schematic layout of an electrical system for the
embodiment of FIG. 14;
FIGS. 19-22 are schematic illustrations of the operation of the
embodiment of FIG. 14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Referring now to the drawings and in particular to FIG. 1, there is
illustrated a schematic layout of a harvesting and shipping
operation as carried out, for example, in the lettuce industry and
incorporating the present invention. In accordance with the flow
diagram of FIG. 1, a field truck 10 is provided with a plurality of
suitable pallets 12 covering the bed or load-carrying platform. As
the field truck or vehicle 10 is moved through the fields, cartons
14 are hand-loaded onto the pallets on the trucks without cross
locking (Stabliization of the stacks may be accomplished by
inserting sheets 13 between upper layers of the stack as shown in
FIG. 2.) in a manner as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3. Sheets 13 are
pulled stepwise by handles 15 to stabilize added cartons. After the
truck is loaded, it is taken to the processing or cooling plant
where the load is removed by means of a giant lift truck 16 where
the cartons are either placed in a storage area during the busy
season or placed directly onto conveyor means 18 for movement into
a cooling chamber 20.
After the cartons of lettuce have been cooled in a cooling chamber
20, they are then moved by suitable conveyor means to a storage
area 22 to await shipment, or directly to a carton stacking and
arranging machine according to the present invention. The apparatus
of the present invention generally designated by the numeral 24, is
constructed and arranged for turning and assembling the cartons
into stacks and loading the cartons into a suitable transport
vehicle, such as a van or railway car.
The present invention has its greatest efficiency and, hence,
utility when loading an end-loading van or railway car. That is, a
vehicle having a door at one end and opening to the full width of
the cargo space. With such vehicles, stacks of cartons fitting the
width and height of the vehicle can be moved by lift truck through
the door and fitted into place between the side walls of the
vehicle. The entire cargo space of the vehicle can then be easily
filled with stacks in this manner.
Vehicles having side doors (e.g. railway cars) present a special
problem because a lift truck must turn 90.degree. after entering
the door to deposit its load. If the cargo door is wide enough,
then at least the ends of the cargo space can be filled with little
difficulty, leaving the turning space at the door unfilled. At
least a part of the cargo space near the door can also be filled.
However, if the proper dimensions exist with respect to the door
width, cargo space width, and lift truck width, this space can be
entirely filled. In other words, the present invention is useful in
connection with filling all types of cargo spaces, although it is
particularly adaptable to end-loading vehicles.
As applied to the lettuce industry, cartons of lettuce are
preferably stacked in a manner as shown in FIGS. 2-3, on
conventional wooden pallets 28 or on special fiberboard slip
pallets 30 such as disclosed in Application Ser. No. 133,795,
entitled "Loading-Handling Pallet and Method" and filed Apr. 14,
1971. The cartons are loaded in this manner on pallets carried by
the field truck. These loaded pallets are then normally transferred
at the cooling plant to the bed or platform of a dolly 32. The
pallets are loaded preferably with one carton directly over another
in individual or unit stacks forming two tiers, as indicated, of
multi-unit stacks of a height which can be accommodated by a
cooling chamber 20. This height is normally five layers for
existing cooling chambers whereas existing transport vehicles, such
as vans and railway cars, may take from six to twelve layers of
cartons per tier. Thus, we solve the problem of mechanical handling
of stacks of cartons which must be accomodated by a cooling chamber
having a maximum of five layers permissible and a transport vehicle
that can accomodate a larger number of layers.
In order to avoid confusion, the term unit stack will be used to
designate a single vertically oriented row of cartons. A plurality
of these unit stacks constitute a multi-unit stack or simply, a
stack. A row of unit stacks will constitute a tier. Thus, a stack
may constitute one or more tiers of two or more unit stacks.
The width of the transport vehicle is also another dimension that
must be accomodated by the system. Because of the absence of the
interlocking of the tiers, as shown in FIGS. 2-3, some means such
as tape 34 or staples 36 may be necessary to enhance the stability
of the stack of cartons. Sheets 13 are used for temporary stability
in the field loading phase, and are normally removed completely
when the field truck load 10 is completed.
Referring now to FIGS. 4-6, there is illustrated a preferred
embodiment of a loading platform and stacking machine in accordance
with the present invention. The apparatus comprises suitable
support means including a platform 38 for supporting suitable
loading means, such as a conventional fork lift truck 40 and for
supporting the load at a suitable height to accomodate the support
floor of a transport vehicle 42. The stacking apparatus comprises
in combination, suitable conveyor means comprising a plurality of
endless belts 44 supported by an idler pully 46, driving pulleys 48
and a plurality of support rollers 50. The conveyor is driven by a
suitable motor 52 which is preferably reversible for purposes to be
described and which may be either electric or hydraulically driven.
This stacking machine includes an upending or rotating mechamism
comprising a plurality of substantially L-shaped arms having a
normally horizontally-directed arm 54 and a normally
vertically-directed arm 56 pivotally mounted for rotation about a
shaft 58. This mechanism is operated by means of suitable power
means such as a hydraulic motor 60 connected to an arm 62 attached
in a suitable manner to the shaft 58. Suitable guide and stop means
such as a stop member 64 may be provided for stopping the stack of
cartons at a suitable position in front of the door and aligned
with the interior walls of the transport vehicle. This stop means
is preferably movable and mounted, such as by means of a pair of
wheels or rollers 66, to ride on overhead rails 68 above the
cartons and is adjusted to a suitable stop position by means of
hydraulic motor or ram 70. Suitable guide means, such as a
plurality of vertically spaced belts 72 and 74, may also be mounted
or disposed adjacent each side of the conveyor to prevent cartons
from tumbling from the stack as it passes along the conveyor to a
loading position. This guide means may be driven by a suitable
motor 76.
In operation, the above-described apparatus receives two stacks of
thirty cartons per stack, as shown in FIG. 2. The belts 44 move the
two stacks to vertical arm 56. The machine now carries a pair of
pallet loads 78 and 80, each of which comprises a stack like that
represented in FIG. 2. Each pallet load comprises two tiers; each
tier comprising five layers of three cartons in a tier. The two
pallet loads together contain sixty cartons stacked five cartons
high. These cartons, or stacks of cartons, are moved with the
forward end or edge against the upright arms 56, with the lower
cartons and pallets resting on the conveyor itself and the lower
arms 54 extending out to the edge of the sixth tier in the stack.
This entire stack is then rotated 90.degree. completely
re-orienting the stack such that the once horizontal layers become
vertical stacks and the once vertical stacks become now horizontal
layers with the cartons each standing on its edge, as shown in
broken line just to the right of shaft 58. In this position, the
once upright arms 56 have tilted to the right between the plurality
of belts, lowering the stack of cartons such that they now rest
again on the plurality of belts 44.
Repeated action as just described results in the accumulation of
stacks of cartons held between belts 72.
The accumulated tiers of cartons are then moved by the belts 44 to
the right between guide belts 72, 74, driven by a motor 75, to stop
member 64, thus forming an appropriate stack of such a width that
the correct numbers may be selected to fit snugly into the open end
of a van 42.
The number of stacks upended by the turning mechanism is usually
different than the number required to fill the cargo space. The
conveyor area behind the turnover mechanism is preferably long
enough to permit accumulation of several stacks in excess of that
required for each lift truck load deposited in the cargo space.
The lift truck 40, now having lift platform or forks adjusted to a
width suitable to fit the van or vehicle 42, moves forward from the
position shown in FIG. 4 and selects a stack of a width to fit the
van 42. The lift truck then moves directly forward across the
conveyor belts 44, between guide and compression means comprising
belts 76-77, and deposits the load into the van. It is, of course,
necessary that the motion of the conveyor be stopped, or at least
the movement of the cartons to the right stopped, during the time
that the lift truck 40 moves across the conveyor belt. The
compression and/or guide means 76-77, may be necessary in most
instances where a close fit normally exists between the stack and
van walls. The lower cartons in the stack will tend to bulge or
expand due to the weight of cartons from above. This expansion and
space between the stacks may cause the selected stack or stacks to
exceed the width of the van. Thus, the compression means permits
the formation of a closely packed and stable load. When the cartons
settle onto the floor of the van, the lower cartons bulge or expand
into engagement with the side walls.
A control station or console 82 within reach of the lift truck
operator when the truck is in the position as shown in FIG. 4,
permits the operator merely to reach to one side to the control
panel 82 and manipulate the necessary buttons and switches
necessary for arranging the cartons in a properly oriented stack
and presenting them to a position to be selected and loaded into
the awaiting transport vehicle.
The above-described operation, of course, assumes that the
orientation described properly fits the receiving van or transport
vehicle and that transporting the cartons on the side as
illustrated is satisfactory. Alternate orientations of the stack
can be accomodated in that the above-described conveyor is
reversible, and also an alternate embodiment for such contingency
is provided in FIGS. 7-8, as will soon be described.
It is also apparent that some provision must be made for removing
the cartons from the conveyor by means of lift truck 40 without
interference of the lift truck with the conveyor belts when no
pallets are used in a loading operation. In this connection,
suitable supporting means, such as a plurality of support members
84, extend between the belts 44 and are provided wit sufficient
space therebetween 86 to receive the forks of the loading truck 40.
These support members 84 are preferably movable vertically between
and with respect to the belts 44 to lift and support the cartons
above the belt, allowing sufficient clearance to permit the forks
to extend beneath the cartons. An embodiment of this type support
means will be described in detail below with respect to FIGS.
9-11.
It is, of course, apparent that pallets either of the wooden type
or of the paperboard type may be used to support the stacks in the
van. If pallets are to be used, they are simply placed against the
upright arms 56 so that when the stack is rotated 90.degree., it
then rests upon a pallet which in turn is resting on the conveyor
belt 44. With the use of such pallets, the above-mentioned lift and
support mechanism becomes unnecessary.
It is, of course, possible to operate the above machine in a manner
that the above-described cartons may be loaded in their upright
position as originally presented to the machine. Such an operation
would be necessary where cartons are designated as having a top or
a side which must be kept up or where the cartons must rest in such
a particular position. With this operation, of course, it would be
necessary for the conveyor and rotating mechanism to be reversible
and the lift truck runway and support platform be positioned at the
left side of the rotating mechanism, as viewed in FIG. 4. With such
an arrangement, the cartons are separately received and assembled
to the right, as shown in FIG. 5 and described above, until a
suitable number of tiers are received. The conveyor is then
reversed and the rotating mechanism then loaded with a sufficient
number of tiers to form the lift truck load and rotated back to the
left or counterclockwise direction to rest in the original upright
position.
If the cartons have no preferred or designated top position, then a
suitable mechanism or apparatus, as illustrated in FIGS. 7-8, may
be utilized to accomplish the desired result where the cartons must
be flatwise rather than edgewise.
Referring specifically to FIGS. 7-8, there is illustrated an
apparatus comprising a conveyor belt 88 for moving stacks of
cartons to a position on a loading platform to be manipulated by a
lift truck 90 and placed and loaded on a van or railway car 92.
This arrangement comprises a first rotating or turnover mechanism
generally designated by the numeral 94 and comprising a plurality
of arms of generally L configuration having a horizontal arm 96 and
a vertical arm 97 mounted for rotation about an axis or shaft 98
and powered by hydraulic motor means 100 connected such as by an
arm 102 to the arms 96-97. A second rotating or turnover means 104
is mounted or disposed downstream of the first turnover mechanism
and comprises generally a plurality of L-shaped arms having
horizontal arms 106 and vertical arms 107 mounted for rotation
about an axis or shaft 108 and powered by a hydraulic motor 110
connected by an arm 112 to rotate the arms 106-107.
Suitable guide and retaining means, such as a stop arm or plate 113
and a latch dog 114, may be supported on an overhead carriage 116
which is supported by suitable wheels 118 and 120 on suitable
overhead rails 122. This guide-and-retaining means serves to hold
the stack together with the tiers in their upright position, as the
entire stack is moved to the right along the conveyor to a position
in front of the lift truck to be placed into the transport vehicle.
The entire apparatus may be provided with suitable guide means such
as a plurality of belts 124 and 126, as described above, for
retaining the stack in its upright position as it travels the
length of the conveyor belt. Suitable guide means for guiding and
compressing the load or stack may comprise suitable short belt
arrangements such as indicated by numerals 128 and 130. The support
platform may be provided with suitable guide ways 132 and 134 for
engagement by the wheels of the lift trucks 90 to assist the lift
truck operator in properly guiding the stack into the transport
vehicle.
The above-described arrangement permits an almost continuous
straight line mode of operation in assembling and stacking a
plurality of cartons and loading them directly into a transport
vehicle. In carrying out the present invention, stacks of cartons
normally comprising two tiers, each comprising three stacks, five
cartons high for each stack, are fed onto the conveyor belt, at the
left, normally resting on suitable pallets 136 and are moved
forward against the upright arms 97 and above the horizontal arm
96. At this point, it is necessary to determine the dimensions of
the transport vehicle into which the cartons will be loaded. Once
the dimensions are established, a suitable number of tiers are
selected to fill the cargo space. The arms 96-97 are preferably
telescopic with the end thereof extended outward to the edge of the
selected number of stacks. This selected number of stacks,
designatd by the letter A, is then rotated 90.degree. to stand on
the edges of the cartons to form a stack B, which is then moved to
the right along the conveyor 88 where it assembles together with
othe similar stacks against the L-shaped upright arm 107 and
resting over the horizontal arm 106. The horizontal arm 106 is
extended sufficiently to select the desired number of stacks which
will form the horizontal layers to fit the height dimension of the
transport vehicle. A suitable number of stacks are selected to form
a large stack designated by the letter C and rotated clockwise
90.degree. to form a stack D of a size properly oriented to fit the
dimensions of the transport vehicle. This stack is then
appropriately seized between the retaining means 113 and 114 and
moved by conveyor means 88 to an assembly area 89 in front of the
lift truck where it is then manipulated by the lift truck into the
vehicle 92, as shown in FIG. 8 when pallets are used, the assembly
area 89 may simply be a smooth flat platform such as stainless
steel having a slick surface. The pallet 136 under the first stack
is removed when the second stack is formed, but may be positioned
to receive the final stack by placing it against the upright arm
107 such that the stack rests thereon when rotated again to rest on
the conveyor means 88.
The use of pallets can greatly improve the handling of the load
with the transport or lift truck, and eliminates the need for
special support means to lift and support the stacks of cartons
above the conveyor belt.
In the event that it is necessary or desirable to load the cartons
into a vehicle without the use of pallets, some means as mentioned
before must be provided for permitting the lift truck to remove the
cartons from the conveyor belt without interference.
Referring now to FIGS. 9-12, such means are provided and
illustrated primarily in connection with the embodiment of FIGS.
4-6, although it may be readily provided for the embodiments
illustrated with respect to FIGS. 7-8 and FIGS. 15-20. This
apparatus for supporting the load above the conveyor belt will be
described with respect to the embodiments of FIGS. 4-6, and thus
will have like numerals designating like elements.
Referring now to FIG. 9, there is illustrated a top fragmentary
view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG. 4 as viewed from
directly above the area of the conveyor means where the lift truck
removes the stack of cartons from the conveyor. In this view, a
plurality of belts 44 are shown traversed by a plurality of tines
138 of a lift truck 40 with the overlying position of the plurality
of cartons 140 shown in solid lines. A plurality of round elongated
pegs 142 are shown extending upward between the belts and between
the tines or fingers 138 of the lift truck 40. These pegs are
preferably supported by means of a movable plate or platform 144
which is moved in various positions by means of a plurality of
hydraulic motors 146, 148, 150 and 152 (FIGS. 10-11). As can best
be seen in FIG. 10, the pegs 142 extend between the belts and
engage the bottom of the cartons 140 and push them a few inches
above the belts 44. The pegs 142 are also spaced apart to permit
the tines 138 of the lift truck to extend therebetween above the
belt and below the cartons 140. The lift truck then lifts the stack
of cartons above the belts 44 and moves across the belt, as
illustrated in FIG. 12, with the wheels riding on pegs 142 above
the belt and deposits the load or stack of cartons into the vehicle
42. After the cartons have been placed in the vehicle 42, the lift
truck 40 then backs across the belt or conveyor riding on the pegs
142 and moves back onto the platform 138 where the operator then,
from control panel 82, controls the assembly and the depositing of
another stack into position in front of the lift truck to be taken
into the transport vehicle.
The pegs 142 are preferably operable by means of the control motors
146-152 to be positioned in three different positions, as shown in
detail in FIG. 11. The pegs are preferably provided with the means
to maintain an uppermost position designated by E, an intermediate
position F, and a lower position G. The G position is below the
belts 44 and permits the cartons to rest directly on the conveyor
belts 44. The two upper positions E and F lift the cartons a slight
bit above the belt to permit the insertion of the forks 138 and to
support the lift truck in a position above the belts.
Referring to the schematic layout of FIG. 13, a pump 154 draws
hydraulic fluid from a sump 156 and delivers it by means of a
supply line or conduit 158 having branches 160 and 162. The
branches 160 supply fluid to a distributor valve 164 which supplies
fluid to either side of a double-acting motor 70 by way of conduits
166 and 168. The double-acting motor 70 is operatively connected
for operating the movable stop 64 illustrated in FIG. 5.
A second distributor valve 170 directs fluid alternately to either
side of double-acting motor 60 by means of supply lines 172 and
174. The motor 60 is operatively connected to arm 62 for operating
the turning mechanism comprising members 54, 56, illustrated in
FIG. 5 for rotating the cartons 90.degree.. A duplicate of this
circuit may be added to accomodate a second turning mechanism if
such is desired in the system.
The supply line 162 is operatively connected to a distributor valve
176 which directs fluid by conduit 178 in parallel to motors
146-153 which are in turn connected for moving the platform 144.
These motors are each in turn connected in parallel to return lines
180, 182, and 184, each of which leads to a distributor valve 186
which is operative to direct fluid selectively from each of said
lines to return line 188. This arrangement is such that the motors,
as shown in FIG. 11, are each provided with three open return
passages controlled by valve 186 such that when pressurized fluid
is supplied to the inlet by supply conduit 178 such that the piston
moves upward to the first return conduit 180 which, if open,
permits the pressure to stabilize to maintain all pistons in that
position. However, if the first conduit 180 is closed, all pistons
continue to move upward to the next return conduit 182 and again if
the valve 186 blocks this return, the pistons continue to move up
past the communications with return line 184. If valve 186 is
positioned such that return line 184 is open, the pistons will
stabilize in the top position and maintain the platform and pegs
level in the uppermost position. Thus, the position of the support
platform depends upon which of the return lines 180 through 184 is
open.
Referring now to FIGS. 14-18, there is illustrated an alternate
embodiment of the present invention wherein the conveyor means
itself is tiltable to stack the cartons. Referring particularly to
FIG. 14, there is illustrated an embodiment comprising a support
frame 176 for supporting the conveyor or stacking apparatus and a
support platform 178 for supporting a lift truck 180 at the height
of the conveyor means and a transport vehicle 182. The rollover
mechanism comprises a support frame comprising side members 184 and
186 rotatably supported by shafts 188 and 190 and side members 192
and 194 of the support frame 176. The frame 184-186 supports a
first endless belt 196 movably supported on rotatable rollers 198
and 200 which are supported by frame members 202 and 204. The frame
members are provided with slides 202' and 204' and thereby are
slideably mounted on support members 184 and 186 and powered by
hydraulic motors 220 and 222 to move the belt 196 for pushing the
stack from belt 206. A second endless belt 206 is movably supported
by rollers 208 and 210 in frames 184 and 186. These two endless
belts are disposed or mounted at right angles to each other and are
adapted to pivot about the axis of shafts 188 and 190 for purposes
to be described. The belt 196 is provided with suitable drive means
such as an electric motor 212 connected by belt 214 for driving the
roller 200. The belt 206 is provided with suitable drive means such
as a motor 216 connected such as by a drive belt 218 to drive
roller 208. Hydraulic rams 220 and 222 are provided for moving the
support frame 202-204 with respect to the frames 184-186, a
conveyor 224 may be provided for delivering cartons to the rollover
mechanism and a conveyor 226 for asembling and delivering the
assembled stack to a position to be secured and loaded by a lift
truck into the transport vehicle.
Suitable control circuits for the present apparatus are shown in
FIGS. 17-18. FIG. 17 discloses a suitable hydraulic control circuit
comprising a pump 228 which draws fluid from a sump 230 and
supplies it to a pair of control valves 232 and 234 for supplying
fluid to double-acting hydraulic motors 220, 222 and 227.
Illustrated in FIG. 18 is a suitable electrical control circuit
comprising a source of electrical power operatively connected for
supplying power to a pair of switches 238 and 240 which are
operative to control the operation of motors 212 and 216.
Referring now to FIGS. 19-22, there is illustrated a sequence of
operation of the present invention, particularly the embodiment of
FIGS. 14-16, together with a method of loading that is particularly
suitable for facilitating unloading. Referring specifically to FIG.
19, stacks of cartons resting on pallets 242-243 are supplied by
conveyor 224 onto conveyor 196 of the turning apparatus. The stacks
move up against conveyor 206 and the stacks are then turned over,
as shown in FIG. 20, with one stack resting atop the other on
conveyor 206. The resulting stack moves then onto conveyor 226, as
shown in FIGS. 20-21, where it is assembled with other similar
stacks against movable stop means 225. These stacks have been thus
formed to fit the height dimension of vehicle 182. A lift truck
then selects a stack of suitable width to fit the width dimension,
which is then put into the waiting vehicle. The turnover mechanism
then may be returned to its initial position, as shown in FIG. 22,
with conveyors 196 and 224 reversed to send the pallets 242-243
back to the storage area.
This embodiment may also be operated in reverse as discussed in the
FIGS. 4-6 embodiment when it is necessary for the cartons to be
presented in a top up position. Also, a pair of the turnover
mechanisms may be employed in series or in sequence, as illustrated
and described in FIGS. 7-8.
As an example, consider loading a particular vehicle 182 (FIG. 16)
having an end opening that is the same width as the cargo receiving
area. The cargo space is of a dimension to receive five unit stacks
of eight cartons each disposed flatwise. Consider also that it is
desirable to unload the cargo by suitable mechanical means such as
a lift truck. In order to unload cargo by such mechanical means, it
is generally necessary that the cargo rest on suitable pallets. A
preferred form of pallet is disclosed in co-pending Application
Ser. No. 33,795, mentioned above.
With the above considerations in mind, the cartons from the field
are loaded onto the field truck on edge, as shown in FIG. 3. The
pallets on the field truck can be loaded in this manner, with two
tiers, each tier containing four unit stacks of four cartons on
edge. These pallet loads can still pass through the cooling chamber
in the usual manner.
As shown in FIGS. 16-19, two pallets 242 and 243, loaded in the
manner described, are delivered to the turning apparatus such as by
conveyor belt 224. Paperboard pallets 224 and 246 are inserted
upright against belt 206 and between the pallet loads. When the
stacks are then turned over, as in FIG. 20, the stacks are then
resting in their normal flatwise position, one atop another on thin
paperboard pallets. When the entire truck load is provided with
pallets in this manner, it can be easily unloaded with a lift
truck. As shown in FIG. 16, pallets 224' are present under the
entire load and pallets 246' are present between the fourth and
fifth layers. A lift truck, at the destination, can then select a
stack of two tiers having any number of unit stacks up to five and
having a height of either four or eight cartons. Thus, the entire
load may be easily removed by a lift truck.
In a similar manner, the methods and apparatus of the present
invention may be utilized to form stacks of any desired size. For
example, different size stacks may be formed to fill a given cargo
space like pieces of a puzzle. Any number of stacks may be fitted
adjacent or atop each other to fill a cargo space.
From the above description, it can be seen that there is disclosed
method and apparatus for assembling a plurality of cartons into
stacks of a selected size to fit the opening to the cargo space of
a vehicle.
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