U.S. patent number 3,788,394 [Application Number 05/258,870] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for reverse balance flow valve assembly for refrigerant systems.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Motor Coach Industries, Inc.. Invention is credited to Don C. Derragon, Jr..
United States Patent |
3,788,394 |
Derragon, Jr. |
January 29, 1974 |
REVERSE BALANCE FLOW VALVE ASSEMBLY FOR REFRIGERANT SYSTEMS
Abstract
The reverse balance flow valve is used in circumstances using an
expansion valve controlled evaporator where the air conditioner
evaporator coils and the heater core are in a common plenum
chamber. It is a one-way valve installed between the line extending
from the expansion valve to the evaporator and the upper gas
portion of the receiver tank on the high pressure liquid side of
the condenser. It automatically relieves or balances the pressure
in the system during non-air conditioning cycles (where the
compressor is connected to the engine at all times), when and if
the refrigerant on the evaporator side increases in pressure over
the refrigerant on the condenser side thus preventing refrigerant
and oil migration and subsequent flooded starts with possible
damage to the compressor when the refrigerant unit is switched to
the air conditioning cycle.
Inventors: |
Derragon, Jr.; Don C. (Pembina,
ND) |
Assignee: |
Motor Coach Industries, Inc.
(Pembina, ND)
|
Family
ID: |
22982473 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/258,870 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
524/607; 62/197;
62/323.1; 62/244 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F25B
41/20 (20210101); F24F 5/001 (20130101); F25B
2500/16 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F24F
5/00 (20060101); F25B 41/04 (20060101); F25b
041/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;62/196,197,243,244,276,323 ;165/35,43,134 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Perlin; Meyer
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Larson, Taylor and Hinds
Claims
What I claim as my invention is:
1. In a refrigerant system which includes a compressor, a
condenser, an expansion valve control evaporator with the necessary
operating conduits therebetween, said evaporator being situated in
a common plenum chamber together with heater means therein whereby
air passing through said plenum chamber may be heated by said
heater means or cooled by said evaporator; the improvement which
comprises a reverse flow assembly for use during non-refrigeration
cycles of said system when said heater means is operating, said
reverse flow assembly including a relatively low pressure one-way
valve and conduits connecting said valve between the downstream
side of the expansion valve and the condenser outlet side of the
expansion valve, said one-way valve allowing refrigerant to flow
only from the former to the latter.
2. The system according to claim 1 in which said operating conduits
include a gas and liquid low pressure conduit extending from said
expansion valve to said evaporator, and a gas/liquid receiver tank
on said outlet side of said condenser, said conduit connecting said
valve between said gas and liquid low pressure conduit and the gas
portion of said receiver tank.
3. The assembly according to claim 1 in which said operating
conduits include a high pressure liquid outlet conduit from said
condenser and a low pressure gas conduit between said evaporator
and said compressor, said conduits connecting said one-way valve
therebetween.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to new and useful improvements in air
conditioning systems, particularly air conditioning systems which
are used on motor coaches, automotive or commercial central
household units which employ an expansion valve controlled
evaporator and where the heating and air conditioning evaporator
coils are in common plenum chamber.
Such systems usually have a compressor which is running at all
times inasmuch as it is normally driven from a common source of
power and various pressure switches determine whether or not the
refrigeration system is operative.
Under normal circumstances, and during the non-air conditioning
cycle, refrigerant and lubricating oil are sometimes purged from
the compressor or, liquid refrigerant accumulates at the compressor
causing damage on subsequent start up of the air conditioning
system.
The damage occurring at the present time is caused by the fact that
the expansion valve function is to allow the refrigerant to flow as
required from the receiver tank through the evaporator coil. It is
designed not to allow a reverse flow of pressure or
refrigerant.
The compressor discharge valve acts as a function of the compressor
allowing refrigerant under pressure to be exerted in one direction
only, namely towards the condenser and receiving tank. Once again
these valves are so designed to not allow pressure to reverse
through them during the normal air conditioning cycle.
Therefore when the systems are shut down and heat is applied in the
plenum chamber, the evaporator is heated to the heating system
temperature and its effect on the refrigerant system causes the
pressure of the refrigerant in the evaporator to rise due to the
increase in temperature.
When this pressure exceeds the pressure of the refrigerant in the
condenser (which is usually remotely situated and is at ambient
temperature) the refrigerant tends to migrate towards the
compressor and accumulate at the compressor base or, is forced
through the condenser carrying the lubricating oil with it.
This causes what is commonly known as a flooded start and because
of the reciprocating type of compressors normally used which need
lubrication, the piston cannot compress the refrigerant towards the
cylinder head without damage. If oil is forced through under the
evaporator heating migration then the compressor will run with lack
of lubrication until the oil can return from the entire system.
Under these circumstances shock loading is often encountered during
starts and lack of lubrication can also cause piston damage to the
compressor.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes these disadvantages by providing a
reverse flow valve assembly which is a relatively low pressure
one-way valve situated preferably between the line extending from
the expansion valve to the evaporator and the gas portion of the
receiver tank which is normally situated on the outlet side of the
condenser. This valve and associated conduit permits pressure to
equalize through the upper part or gas portion of the receiver tank
if the evaporator encounters a higher temperature and pressure than
the condenser. Therefore both sides of the expansion valve will
neutralize in pressure and migrated flow is virtually eliminated as
the discharge valve in the compressor can then keep the compressor
static with the rest of the system.
Although the preferred embodiment shows a connection between the
one side of the expansion valve and the receiver tank, nevertheless
these conduits could be situated any where between the high
pressure outlet from the condenser and the low pressure side of the
expansion valve.
The principal object and essence of the invention is therefore to
provide a device of the character herewithin described which
automatically relieves excess pressure generated in the evaporator
during non-air conditioning cycles of expansion valve controlled
evaporator refrigeration units.
Another object of the invention is to provide a device of the
character herewithin described which eliminates migration of
lubricating oil and/or refrigerant during non-operating or non-air
conditioning cycles.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a device of
the character herewithin described which is extremely simple in
construction, economical in manufacture, and otherwise well suited
to the purpose for which it is designed.
With the foregoing objects in view, and such other or further
purposes, advantages or novel features as may become apparent from
consideration of this disclosure and specification, the present
invention consists of the inventive concept which is comprised,
embodied, embraced, or included in the means, method, process,
product, construction, composition, arrangement of parts, or new
use of any of the foregoing, herein exemplified in one or more
specific embodiments of such concept, reference being had to the
accompanying drawings in which:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a refrigeration system with the
invention installed therein.
FIG. 2 is a modification of the apparatus.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Proceeding therefore to describe the invention in detail, reference
to the accompanying drawing will show a conventional reciprocating
compressor 10 normally driven in a continuous fashion from the
engine of a motor coach or the like.
Situated in a plenum chamber shown in phantom by reference
character 11, is an evaporator collectively designated 12 and which
is conventional in construction.
Situated remotely from the compressor and the evaporator and
preferably in a location where it can operate most efficiently, is
a conventional condenser 13.
Reference character 14 indicates a conventional expansion valve
which controls the evaporator and a gas and liquid low pressure and
low temperature line 15 extends between the expansion valve and the
evaporator as clearly shown. The suction line or low pressure, low
temperature gas line 16 extends from the evaporator to the
compressor which includes a one-way suction valve 17 thereon and a
hose discharge line 18 extends from the discharge valve 19 of the
compressor to the hose inlet 20 of the condenser 13.
A hose outlet 21 extends from the condenser to a conventional
gas/liquid receiver tank 22 and a high pressure liquid line 23
extends from the base of this tank to the other side of the
expansion valve 14 as clearly illustrated.
Conventional switches and monitoring devices are provided and are
illustrated in the drawing.
Under these circumstances and when the refrigeration cycle is in
effect, the expansion valve 14 releases high pressure liquid
through line 15 to the evaporator and the low pressure, low
temperature gas is then pumped by the compressor via line 16 to the
discharge line 18 whereupon it becomes high pressure and high
temperature gas. This then is fed to the condenser which changes
this to liquid which in turn is passed to the receiver tank in the
conventional manner.
However, when the unit is in the non-refrigeration cycle, the
temperature of the plenum chamber may rise considerably due to the
fact that the conventional heater unit (not illustrated) operates
to heat the air passing through the plenum chamber rather than the
air being refrigerated. This means that the evaporator together
with any gas and/or liquid which may be therein, rises in
temperature and therefore rises in pressure. The expansion valve
being one-way in the direction of arrow 24, cannot relieve this
pressure which then exhausts or migrates the refrigerant through
the compressor and thence through to the condenser 13 taking with
it any oil which may be picked up due to pressure differentials
existing in the unloaded compressor 10.
The invention collectively designated 25 prevents this from
happening. In the preferred embodiment it consists of a conduit 26
tapped into the low pressure, low temperature gas and liquid line
15 on the down stream aide of the expansion valve 14. This conduit
leads to a relatively low pressure one-way valve 27 which operates
one-way only in the direction of arrow 28 and a further conduit 29
extends from this valve 27 to the top or gas portion 30 of the
receiver tank 22. The valve 27 is designed to open at approximately
half pound per square inch so that any build up of pressure within
the evaporator immediately exhausts through conduits 26 and 29 and
valve 27 to the receiver tank thus maintaining a pressure
equilibrium on both sides of the one-way expansion valve 14 and the
one-way discharge valve 19. This of course effectively eliminates
any migration of refrigerant and/or lubricating oil and prevents
flooded starts and shock starts occurring to the system when the
refrigeration system once again is switched on.
Although the embodiment just described is the preferred one due to
the shortness of the routing of the conduits, nevertheless an
alternate routing can be used and this is shown in phantom in the
drawing. Under these circumstances a conduit 31 is tapped into the
line 16 at any convenient point and extends to the one-way valve
27A which operates in the direction of arrow 28A only. A further
conduit then extends from this valve to any convenient location on
the high pressure liquid line 21. However, as this distance is
considerable under normal installation design characteristics, it
is the least preferred of the two embodiments.
Various modifications may be constructed or performed within the
scope of the inventive concept disclosed. Therefore what has been
set forth is intended to illustrate such concept and is not for the
purpose of limiting protection to any herein particularly described
embodiment thereof.
* * * * *