U.S. patent number 3,788,206 [Application Number 05/282,247] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for modular ceiling construction.
Invention is credited to Gerard Edmund Mulvey.
United States Patent |
3,788,206 |
Mulvey |
January 29, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
MODULAR CEILING CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A modular construction unit for ceiling construction and having
a unitary frame, ceiling fabric means supported by and incorporated
in the frame, suspension attachment means defined by the frame,
lighting fixture means attached to the frame and adapted to be
supported thereby in position in the ceiling, and air handling
means attached to said frame and adapted to be supported thereby
when in position in the ceiling and electrical connection means and
air handling connection means associated with the lighting fixture
means and the air handling means for connection to services within
the ceiling, and junction means formed on said frame means around
the edges thereof for interfitting engagement with adjacent said
units to form a complete ceiling.
Inventors: |
Mulvey; Gerard Edmund (Toronto,
Ontario, CA) |
Family
ID: |
23080671 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/282,247 |
Filed: |
August 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
454/293;
52/591.4; 362/260; 362/365; 454/906 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F21V
21/14 (20130101); F21V 33/0088 (20130101); F21S
8/02 (20130101); F21Y 2113/00 (20130101); F21Y
2103/00 (20130101); F21S 2/00 (20130101); Y10S
454/906 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
33/00 (20060101); F21S 8/02 (20060101); F21V
21/14 (20060101); F21s 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;98/4D,4DL
;52/484,485,592 ;240/9A,47 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wayner; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Rolston; George A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A modular ceiling construction unit for a ceiling construction
of the type in which air handling and electrical supply facilities
are concealed in the space between the ceiling and the building
structure, said unit having an upper concealed side and a lower
visible side, said construction unit comprising;
unitary frame means;
ceiling fabric means supported and incorporated in said frame
means;
suspension attachment means on said frame means;
lighting fixture means attached to said frame means and supported
thereby in position in said ceiling;
electrical connection means connected to said lighting fixture
means, and adapted to make electrical connection with an adjacent
electrical supply within said space;
air passage means formed in said construction unit for passage of
air therethrough from one said side to the other thereof;
air handling means attached to said frame means and supported
thereby when said unit is in position in said ceiling and in
communication with said air passage means;
air handling connection means connected with said air handling
means, and adapted to interconnect with air handling facilities
adjacent to said unit within said space;
junction means formed on said frame means around the edges thereof
for interfitting engagement with adjacent said units to form a
complete ceiling, and,
access hatchway opening means defined in said unit, and closure
means therefor whereby to permit access to the upper concealed side
of said unit from the lower side thereof.
2. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
wherein said frame means defines a recessed channel extending at
least partially therearound, and wherein said air passage means
includes slotted openings in said frame means opening into said
recessed channel, and along at least part of the length of said
channel.
3. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
including edge flange means for interengagement with adjacent said
flange means on adjacent said construction units for mutual
interlocking supporting engagement between said units when in
position in said ceiling.
4. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 3
wherein said unit defines four sides, and including said edge
flange means on all four sides thereof, arranged in pairs, one said
pair of edge flange means being offset in a plane relative to the
other said pair of edge flange means whereby the plane of one said
pair is displaced vertically relative to the plane of the other
said pair by an amount equal to about the thickness of said flange
means.
5. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 4
wherein said flange means define notched recesses at three corners,
and wherein said flange means meet at a fourth corner.
6. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
wherein said frame means and said ceiling fabric means are formed
in one piece integrally with one another of a single sheet of
material.
7. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
including wall means traversing said frame side to side thereof,
slotted opening means formed in at least some of said wall means,
and forming said air passage means, and an air handling chamber,
defining said air handling means, attached in registration with
said slotted opening means for communication of air
therethrough.
8. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
including wall means traversing said frame means and defining a
space therebetween, means for supporting a light trasnmitting panel
member formed on said wall means, and a light transmitting member
supported thereby, and said lighting fixture means being attached
to said wall means in registration with said light transmitting
panel.
9. A modular ceiling construction unit as claimed in claim 1
including means defining two channels spaced apart from one another
and traversing said frame means, and attached thereto in mutually
supporting relationship, slotted opening means within said channel
means and forming said air passage means, said slotted opening
means being recessed within and substantially obscured from view by
said channel means, and including air deflector means within said
channel means.
Description
The present invention relates to a modular construction unit for
ceilings, and in particular to a modular construction unit
incorporating lighting fixtures, air handling fixtures, and ceiling
panel means in a single one piece module.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The construction of so-called "dropped" ceilings such as are found
in modern high rise construction, and institutional and industrial
buildings and the like is now more or less standardized on the
basis of the construction of a grid of so-called ceiling tees which
are usually suspended from the building fabric, or for example the
concrete forming the floor above, by means of bent wires or thin
rods. The spaces formed within these grids are then filled in with
panels of sound absorbent material. Lighting fixtures are usually
supported between the ceiling tees at spaced intervals, and air
handling fixtures may be provided separately from the lighting
fixtures or along side the lighting fixtures. This type of
construction requires a multiplicity of different operations by
skilled tradesmen in different trades, all of which must be carried
on at the building site itself and from floor to floor. Thus the
arrangement of an orderly construction schedule for successive
floors is absolutely essential in order to keep the various
different skilled tradesmen working continuously without
interruption. Any interruptions in their work schedule will of
course lead to greatly increased costs. In addition, the
requirement for such a multiplicity of different operations
requires the delivery of a variety of different supplies from
different manufacturers which must again be delivered according to
a predetermined schedule to the building site so that they are
available as needed, but are not delivered so far in advance that
they must be stored for any length of time. Any mishap in the
manufacture or delivery of any portion of the supplies required
from any particular manufacturer will again interrupt the entire
schedule and cause greatly increased costs.
Even assuming that the construction and installation of the ceiling
and the various lighting and air handling fixtures is achieved
according to the schedule, the labour costs of the various skilled
tradesmen still amounts to a major proportion of the cost of the
actual construction.
It is therefore desirable, and a principal general objective of the
present invention, to provide a modular construction unit for a
ceiling construction which can be premanufactured in large
quantities in a factory, and shipped to the site as needed from
time to time. Preferably, the modular unit will be of such a nature
that it both provides its own supporting fabric, thereby doing away
with the requirement for ceiling tees altogether, and also
incorporates both lighting fixtures and air handling facilities and
the fabric of the ceiling itself whether this be sheet metal, sound
insulation material or panels of any other material. It is a
further objective of the invention to provide a construction system
for the construction of ceilings whereby the entire ceiling may be
installed and erected in place within a building site using a
minimum of labour, and reducing to a minimum the number of
different tradesmen required.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention therefore seeks to provide a modular construction
unit for ceiling construction and having a unitary frame, ceiling
fabric means supported by and incorporated in the frame, suspension
attachment means defined by the frame, lighting fixture means
attached to the frame and adapted to be supported thereby in
position in the ceiling, and air handling means attached to said
frame and adapted to be supported thereby when in position in the
ceiling, and electrical connection means and air handling
connection means associated with the lighting fixture means and the
air handling means for connection to services within the ceiling,
and an access hatchway opening defined in each module by said
frame, and closure means therefor.
Preferably, the module will include supporting flange means formed
integrally with said frame and extending outwardly therefrom into
interlocking overlapping relation with adjacent said flange means
on adjacent said modules.
The modular unit according to the invention may further incorporate
additional sound absorbant baffle means within the module where
desired.
Preferably, the design and shape of the frame of the module will be
such as to define continuous interlocking recesses within the
ceiling itself for reception of and connection with office
partition means within a space beneath the ceiling, whereby to
facilitate the erection and movement if desired of such
partitions.
According to a further embodiment of the invention provision may be
made for the use of lighting fixtures which are either of a
standard rectangular shape, or alternatively are of a square or
even triangular shape, without departing from the scope of the
invention.
The foregoing and other advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment
of the invention which is given with reference to the following
drawings in which like reference to the devices refer to like parts
thereof throughout the various views and diagrams.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows an upper perspective illustration of the modular
construction unit according to the invention partially broken away
to reveal its interior;
FIG. 2 is a section along the line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic upper perspective illustration showing the
installation of units of FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged upper perspective corresponding to FIG. 3 and
showing an ultimate embodiment.
FIGS. 5a and 5b show modifications of FIGS. 1 and 2, and,
FIG. 6 is an upper perspective illustration of al alternate
embodiment showing different shapes of lighting fixtures.
DESCRIPTION OF A SPECIFIC EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, it will be seen that this preferred
embodiment of the invention comprises a construction module for a
ceiling shown by the general reference 10, in this case of square
shape in plan for the sake of simplicity in construction and layout
of the ceiling. Obviously, however, the module 10 could be
rectangular or even triangular depending upon the requirements of
the particular building.
The module 10 will be seen to be provided with a ceiling panel
indicated generally as 11, an access opening indicated by the
general reference 12, air handling facilities indicated by the
general reference 13, and a lighting unit indicated by the general
reference 14.
In order to support and locate the various constitutent parts of
the module 10, the module 10 is comprised of a framework 15
preferably formed in a square shapes as shown, and located in a
more or less vertical plane.
Extending outwardly from the frame 15 a more or less horizontal
plane are upper and lower supporting flange members 16 and 17 for
interlocking with, and providing mutual interengaging support with
adjacent said flanges 16 and 17 of adjacent said modules 10. As
shown, the upper flanges 16 are provided with open ended slots 18,
and at their mutually adjoining corner 19 they are cut square to
provide a rectangular shaped notch or recess.
The lower flanges 17 are provided with attachment openings 20,
adapted to receive any suitable supporting system such as extended
rods, as shown in FIG. 3, fastened into the fabric of the building,
or the poured concrete of the floor above in a manner to be
described below.
The lower flanges 17 at their mutually adjoining corner 21 meet and
form a mitred joint, or any other suitable corner formation.
At the corners 22 between respective upper flanges 16 and lower
flanges 17 the respective flanges are again cut square so as to
define rectangular notches or cutaways. It will be noted that the
upper flanges 16 are in a plane spaced vertically above the plane
containing the lower flanges 17. Preferably, such spacing is equal
to the thickness of the flanges 16 or 17, whereby the upper flanges
16 of one said module may be placed in mutually overlying
relationship with respect to the adjacent lower flanges 17 of two
adjacent modules 10. Again, preferably, the location of the slotted
openings 18 is designed to register with the location of the
attachment openings 20 when such flanges 16 and 17 are placed in
the aforesaid overlying relationship.
In this way, when the modules 10 are arranged together to form a
ceiling, the outwardly directed surfaces 23 of the vertical frames
15 will form the opposite sides of a continuous intersecting
network of channels in the ceiling.
Preferably, according to the invention, the dimensions of such
channels formed by the sides 23 will be such that they are adapted
to receive the upper portions of building partition systems (not
shown).
In order to provide the module 10 with air handling openings,
either for delivery or return air, two air handling channels 24 are
formed parallel to one another across the frame 15 spaced apart
whereby to divide the frame 15 into three more or less equal
rectangular portions, with the ceiling panel 11 at one end thereof,
and the access opening 12 at the other end thereof. Between the two
air handling channels 24 the lighting fixture unit 14 is located
which will be described in greater detail below. Preferably, the
air handling channels 24 are provided by respective pairs of inner
and outer side walls 25 and 26 and 27 and 28. The side walls 25,
26, 27 and 28 are preferably all formed integrally with the frame
15 out of a single piece of material, and lie in spaced apart
vertical parallel planes. The side walls 25 and 26 are preferably
provided with a discontinuous upper wall 29, and the side walls 27
and 28 are provided with a similar discontinuous upper side wall
30. The discontinuous upper walls 29 and 30 define spaced apart
lengthwise slotted openings 31 and 32, whereby to permit air to
pass through the air handling channels 24, either for delivery or
return as desired. Air deflector vanes such as 28a may be provided
on side walls 25 and 27 to create desirable air flow patterns.
Preferably, according to the invention the lighting unit 14
consists of a conventional U shaped or rectangular shaped lighting
troffer 33, which may be attached to the upper surfaces of the
discontinuous side walls 29 and 30, in registration with the inner
side walls 25 and 27 as shown in FIG. 2. Alternatively, it may be
formed integrally therewith of a single piece of material. The
troffer 33 preferably is provided with lighting fixtures 34 for
supporting lighting tubes 35 in known manner. A space may be
provided therebetween for an additional lighting tube 35 if greater
illumination is desired in any particular area of a building, such
further tubes 35 being shown in phantom.
Connection may be made through a suitable "ballast" to a source of
electrical supply by means of the electrical cable 35 and plug
37.
A transparent or translucent lens or louver 38 is supported
adjacent the lower end of the troffer 33, preferably by means such
as the supporting ribs 39 formed on the inwardly directed surfaces
of the inner side walls 25 and 27 as shown, although of course,
other support means may be provided if desired. The lens 38 is
typically, in accordance with practice in the art removable whereby
to permit access to the interior of the troffer 33 for re-lamping
when necessary.
The air handling facilities 13 consist of a generally U shaped air
housing 40, such housing 40 being usually known as a "boot" in the
trade. The housing 40 is closed at each end, and is preferably
attached to the upper walls 29 and 32 of the channels 24,
preferably in registration with the outer side walls 26 and 28 as
shown in FIG. 2. Obviously other means of attachment could be
provided, such as attaching directly to the frame 15, and merely
providing for a good snug fit between the housing 40 and the side
walls 26 and 28.
In either case, the air housing 40, together with the exterior
surface of the troffer 33, will form a continuous chamber in
communication with the air handling channels 24, either for
delivery or return of air within the building. The housing 40 is
preferably provided with a conventional flexible air hose or duct
41, provided with any suitable form of connection means such as the
reduced diameter collar 42 by means of which it may readily be
connected to overhead ducts (not shown) installed in position prior
to the installation of the ceiling modules 10.
Preferably, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 both the hose 41 and plug 47
are both located on the side of the air housing 40 which is
adjacent the access opening 12 in the frame 15, whereby a workman
may readily reach through the access opening 12 for connection or
disconnection of the electrical and air supply with a minimum of
difficulty.
The ceiling panel 11 is preferably comprised of a sheet member 43,
formed of the same material as side wall 15, and formed integrally
therewith of a single piece of material, the sheet member 43
extending from frame 15 to outer side wall 26 of air handling
channel 24, and extending end to end of the space therebetween
between respective frames 15. Preferably, the sheet member 43 will
be perforated with a large number of small openings, and a panel of
sound absorbent material 44 such as cork or cork composition or the
like or any other material such as is known in the art, may be
fitted within the well formed over the sheet member 43 by the frame
15 and the side wall 26, whereby to absorb sound from the building
space therebeneath.
Alternatively the material of which the sheet member 43 is formed
may be such that it is inherently sound absorbing in which case no
such a panel 44 will be required.
The access opening 12 is preferably formed by a sheet like trap
door member 45, preferably formed of the same material as the frame
15, but in a separate piece, and being formed with upwardly offset
supporting flanges 46 therearound. Preferably, the frame 15 is
provided with a supporting lip 47, and the outer side wall 28 is
provided with a similar supporting lip 48, whereby to interengage
with said flange 46 and support said trap door 45 in position, with
its lower surface co-planar with the lower surface of the lips 47
and 48 as shown in FIG. 2. If desired, any suitable form of hinging
means can be provided on one or other side for the panel 46,
although this is generally speaking, not necessary. Preferably, the
trap door 45 is perforated with a large number of small openings in
the same way as the sheet member 43 whereby to both provide it with
a similar appearance thereto when viewed from below, and also
whereby to permit passage of sound therethrough. A further sound
absorbent panel or pad 49 may be placed over the trap door 45 for
absorbing the sound in the building.
Preferably, the modules 10 are supported by means of four spaced
apart rods or bolts 50, provided at their lower ends with any
suitable form of supporting abutment, or releaseable attachment
means such as a threaded fastener, for example, a nut, or a sheet
metal type fastener, such as a "speed" nut or any other suitable
form of fastener such as are well known in the fastener art, and is
omitted for the sake of clarity.
The upper ends of the rods 50 may be secured directly in recesses
formed in the concrete fabric of the building by any suitable means
known in the art such as a collar (not shown) on a tapered upper
end of the bolt 50 such as is employed on bolts manufactured by
Isometric Limited of Toronto, Canada, under the Trade Mark
"ISO-BOLT," or by any other means.
It will of course be understood that only two such bolts 50 are
employed for each module 10.
With reference to FIG. 3, the mode of installation is shown, and it
will be seen that a first module 10 may be installed along one side
of the building by the installation of four bolts 50 in vertical
alignment with the slotted recesses 18, and the attachment openings
20 of the flanges 16 and 17. Such first module 10 will then be
raised into position by any suitable means such as a moveable hoist
truck indicated as T having a pair of horizontal arms A upon which
the module 10 may be supported and raised into position. A workman,
working on the hoist or a suitable mobile platform (not shown) may
then place himself immediately beneath the module 10 and introduce
the lower ends of the bolts 50 through the slotted openings 18 and
attachment openings 20, and fasten them in position.
The next and each subsequent module 10 in a row of modules 10 being
erected across a building space will then be raised in position by
the truck T, and the second workman will then slide the module 10
sideways in a diagonal manner until the slotted openings 18 are
fitted around the two adjacent bolts 50 of the two adjacent modules
10. In this position, the upper flanges 16 will overly the lower
flanges 17 of the adjacent module 10, and once slid into position
the upper flanges 16 will obtain support from the bolts 50
extending through the slotted openings 18. The workman then
introduces the lower ends of the rods 50 through the two remaining
attachment openings 20 and fastens them as described above, after
which he is free to proceed to the next module 10. As he installs
and erects each module 10, the workman can simply reach through the
access opening 12 and connect up the collar 42 of the flexible air
hose 41, and connect up the plug 37 of the electrical cable 36 and
that module is then both installed and connected to the electrical
and air handling services and is ready for use without further
attention.
These connection operations can of course be simplified to the
point where they can be performed by suitable machinery as part of
the installation operation, without requiring separate and distinct
manual operations.
According to a further embodiment of the invention as shown in
FIGS. 4a and 4b provision can if desired be made for interlocking
between the flanges 16 and 17 by means such as the openings 53
formed in the lower flanges 17, and the downwardly struck out
tongues 54 formed in the upper flanges 16. The tongues 54 are
adapted to register with and enter the openings 53 when the flanges
16 and 17 are placed in overlying relationship as shown in FIG.
4b.
In some cases it may be desirable to provide modules 10 of
different shapes for example hexagonal or triangular, as shown for
example by module 60 in FIG. 4.
According to a further embodiment the invention, the entire module
10 may be adapted so as to accommodate lighting tubes of a
different shape, for example U shaped lighting tubes may be
desirable in some building locations to provide a more flexible
arrangement of building partitions to be erected to divide the
building space into separate offices.
Such a further embodiment is shown in FIG. 5. For the sake of
simplicity, in this alternate embodimention the same reference
numerals are used with the suffix a, to show the same physical
features although of course, they are arranged in a different
manner. Thus the module or unit is shown as 10a, and will again be
seen to be provided with a square frame 15a, and side flanges 16a
and 17a.
However, in order to accommodate a different layout or a different
ceiling design the wall members 25a, 26a, 27a and 28a are arranged
in a diagonal manner from the four corners of the frame 15a,
whereby to intersect in the middle, thereby dividing the square
defined by the frame 15a into four equal triangles.
A modified form of lighting troffer 33a is located and supported in
one of the triangles, and contains a somewhat different form of
fluorescent lighting tube (not shown), being obviously shorter than
the two shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and preferably being of the
U-shaped design such as is currently available.
A somewhat modified form of air handling boot 40a is arranged
separately from the troffer 33a, whereby to provide for delivery of
air along the length of the troffers 33a as shown, suitable
delivery and return openings or slots (not shown) being provided as
before.
In some ceiling designs the air delivery, or return, may be
controlled by zones within the ceiling space, and air will be
supplied directly into (or withdrawn from) such a zone without
individual boots 33 or 33a. In such cases slots 32a may be provided
as desired in the frame 17a or 70, and some of such slots 32a will
be connected with boots 32b and others will be free, providing for
air delivery in one set of slots, and air return in the others.
Similarly the ceiling panel 43a can itself be permeable to air for
the same purpose, the sound absorbent panel 44 being omitted where
air flow is desired.
The foregoing is a description of a preferred embodiment of the
inventor which is given here by way of example. The invention is
not to be taken as limited to any of the specific features as
described but comprehends all such changes as come within the scope
of the claims.
* * * * *