U.S. patent number 3,788,041 [Application Number 05/288,651] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for electrostatic precipitator for high temperature operation.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gaylord Industries. Invention is credited to Asa K. Gaylord.
United States Patent |
3,788,041 |
Gaylord |
January 29, 1974 |
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE OPERATION
Abstract
The precipitator has a series of flat vertical plates which are
elongated in a horizontal direction. To prevent buckling of the
plates from horizontal expansion when heated, the plates are
fixedly mounted in their central portions and allowed to float on
end supports so that the ends of the plates may expand freely in
opposite directions away from their centers. The end supports
comprise rods equipped with necked spacers which maintain uniform
spacing of the plates while permitting horizontal movements on the
rods during heating and cooling.
Inventors: |
Gaylord; Asa K. (Portland,
OR) |
Assignee: |
Gaylord Industries (Lake
Oswego, OR)
|
Family
ID: |
23108050 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/288,651 |
Filed: |
September 13, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
96/62;
55/DIG.36 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B03C
3/86 (20130101); Y10S 55/36 (20130101); Y02A
50/2351 (20180101); Y02A 50/2357 (20180101) |
Current International
Class: |
B03C
3/34 (20060101); B03C 3/86 (20060101); B03c
003/47 () |
Field of
Search: |
;55/128,129,136,137,138,141,143,145,154,DIG.38 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Talbert, Jr.; Dennis E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Schermerhorn; Lee R.
Claims
Having now described my invention and in what manner the same may
be used, what I claim as new and desire to protect by letters
Patent is:
1. An electrostatic precipitator comprising a group of metal
plates, means fixedly mounting central portions of said plates in
spaced parallel relation, and means supporting marginal portions of
the plates for expansion and contraction movements away from and
toward said central portions.
2. A precipitator as defined in claim 1, said plates being of
elongated rectangular shape and said marginal supporting means
being disposed at opposite ends of the plates.
3. A precipitator as defined in claim 1, said central mounting
means comprising a rod extending through said plates, spacers on
said rod between said plates, and means on said rod clamping said
plates and spacers together; said marginal supporting means
comprising rods extending through said plates, spacers on said rods
between said plates, necks on said spacers of slightly greater
length than the thickness of the plates, said necks extending
through openings in said plates and bearing against adjacent
spacers on said rods, said openings being larger than said necks,
and means on said rods clamping said necked spacers together end to
end while permitting freedom of movement of said plates on said
neck portions of said spacers.
4. A precipitator as defined in claim 3, all of said spacers being
metal.
5. A precipitator as defined in claim 3, said plates comprising a
first set of plates for energization at one potential, a second set
of plates for energization at a different potential, the plates of
said two sets being alternately disposed, said spacers on said
central mounting rod clamping said first set of plates and
extending through large openings in said second set of plates, and
said necked spacers on said marginal supporting rods extending
through large openings in said second set of plates; a second
central mounting rod having spacers clamping said second set of
plates and extending through large openings in said first set of
plates; and additional marginal supporting rods having necked
spacers supporting said second set of plates and extending through
large openings in said first set of plates, whereby said two sets
of plates are insulated from each other.
6. A precipitator as defined in claim 1, said plates being disposed
in vertical positions, and a series of vertical guide vanes under
the lower edges of said plates for directing an upward current of
air between said plates.
7. A precipitator as defined in claim 6 including a pair of
ionizing wire supports extending along opposite ends of said guide
vanes.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is directed to one of the components of the system
in my co-pending application Ser. No. 168,019, filed Aug. 2, 1971,
on POLLUTION-FREE KITCHEN VENTILATOR.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to improvements in an electrostatic
precipitator for high temperature operation.
The kitchen ventilator disclosed in my above-mentioned application
Ser. No. 168,019 includes an electrostatic precipitator, following
a grease extractor, for removing smoke and other airborne
contaminants in an airstream from a cooking area. The ventilator
may extend for a considerable distance horizontally above a series
of various types of cooking equipment units which produce grease
fumes, smoke, steam and the like that must be removed from the
kitchen. In order to treat all the air flowing through a wide
ventilating duct, elongated electric precipitating plates are
disposed across the whole cross sectional area of the duct, these
plates being mounted in cells which are arranged side by side for
convenient installation and servicing. The cells are self-draining
for hot detergent water washing from time to time within the
ventilating duct.
Thus, in normal usage the precipitator plates are exposed to
elevated temperatures from the hot air, smoke, fumes and steam
rising from the cooking equipment. Flames from a cooking surface
may enter the duct from time to time. Also, grease in lower
portions of the duct may ignite, exposing the precipitator plates
to flame temperatures briefly until the fire extinguishing system
comes into operation.
Elevated temperatures from such sources are destructive of
conventional precipitators, causing the plates to warp and buckle
making the precipitators inoperable. For effective operation the
precipitator plates must remain flat and uniformly spaced apart
from each other in order to maintain an effective electrostatic
field between each pair of plates. The greater the length of the
plates the more susceptible they are to damage from thermal
expansion and contraction.
Objects of the invention are, therefore, to provide an improved
electrostatic precipitator for high temperature operation, to
provide an improved precipitator for a kitchen ventilator, to
provide a precipitator which is not damaged by brief exposure to
flame temperature, and to provide an improved mounting arrangement
for the precipitator plates which allows them to expand and
contract freely on heating and cooling without warping or
buckling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the present construction, the precipitator plates are kept
narrow in a vertical direction so that vertical expansion and
contraction is not destructive. The plates are elongated in a
horizontal direction and provision is made for expansion and
contraction in this direction without restraint so that the plates
may elongate and contract without distortion.
This is accomplished by providing fixed mountings for the plates at
their centers and providing supports which allow free movements of
the outer ends away from and toward the centers. The outer ends of
the plates have horizontally elongated openings receiving spacers
which allow expansion and contraction in a horizontal direction
while maintaining uniform spacing between the plates. With this
improved type of mounting, the plates are not damaged even by fire
in the duct whereby the precipitator is capable of withstanding the
extreme conditions encountered in kitchen ventilators.
The invention will be better understood and the foregoing and other
objects and advantages will become apparent from the following
description of the preferred embodiment illustrated on the
accompanying drawing. Various changes may be made, however, in the
details of construction and arrangement of parts and certain
features may be used without others. All such modifications within
the scope of the appended claims are included in the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an electric precipitator cell
embodying the ivention;
FIG. 2 is a view on the line 2--2 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a view on the line 3--3 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view on the line 4--4 in FIG. 3; and
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of necked spacer.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In a kitchen ventilator a plurality of precipitator cells C are
mounted side by side across the width of a vertical duct so that
all of the air moving upward through the duct must pass between
vertical metal plates A and B. The plates A and B are relatively
narrow in a vertical direction whereby the amount of vertical
expansion and contraction on heating and cooling is insignificant
and requires no special provision to prevent warping and
buckling.
The plates A and B, however, are sufficiently long in a horizontal
direction as to cause such expansion and contraction movements to
become destructive. If the plates are fixedly mounted at all points
of support according to conventional practice, the expansion and
contraction distortions are of sufficient magnitude to warp and
buckle the plates, rendering the precipitator inoperable.
This difficulty is overcome by fixedly mounting the plates only at
their centers and allowing the ends to expand and contract away
from and toward the centers. This allows each cell to have a
relatively large horizontal width dimension so that an excessive
number of cells will not be required to span the width of a wide
ventilating duct.
The plates A are fixedy mounted at their centers on two metal rods
10 and the plates B are fixedly mounted at their centers on a metal
rod 11. Rods 10 have heads on their right ends engaging a back
metal wall 12 of the cell frame. The left ends of rods 10 and 11
project through a front metal wall 15 of the cell and are equipped
with nuts 13 and 14. The lower rod 10 also supports one end of a
handle 16 for removing the cell from the ventilating duct.
The plates A have holes 20 which fit the rods 10, these plates
being separated by plain, cylindrical, metal spacers 21 on the
bolts. As shown in FIG. 2, the nut 13 on each rod 10 clamps the
plates A tightly between spacers 21 making electrical connection
therewith and grounding the plates A to the end walls 12 and 15.
One of the rods 10 is utilized for an external ground connection.
Plates B have large circular openings 22 surrounding spacers 21 at
a distance to avoid making electrical contact with the spacers.
In similar arrangement, the plates B have small circular openings
25 to fit the rod 11 and plates A have large circular openings 26
which surround spacers 21 on rod 11 at a distance. Nut 14 clamps
plates B between spacers 21 whereby the plates B are electrically
connected to rod 11 which serves as an electrical terminal
connection for the insulated plates B. Nut 14 is tightened on an
insulating block 27 having a shoulder 28 which centers the
insulating block in a hole 29 in front plate 15. Insulating block
27 has a projection 30 to clamp the front plate B against the first
spacer 21 on rod 11. A head on the opposite end of rod 11 engages a
similar insulating block 27 in back wall 12. When the nuts 13 are
tightened on the two rods 10 and the nut 14 is tightened on rod 11,
the centers of all the plates A AND B are fixedly mounted in the
frame of cell C.
As seen in FIG. 3, the ends of plates A are slidably supported on
rods 35 and the ends of plates B are slidably supported on rods 36.
The right end of rod 35 has a head engaging the outside of back end
wall 12 and the left ends of both rods are threaded to receive nuts
37 and 38. These rods support the plates by means of necked metal
spacers 40. Each spacer 40 has a neck 41 on one end of a length
slightly exceeding the thickness of plates A and B. Thus, when the
nut 37 is tightened against front wall 15 and the nut 38 is
tightened against insulating block 27, the spacers 40 are clamped
tightly against each other without clamping the plates A and B. A
head on the opposite end of rod 36 engages a similar insulating
block 27 in back wall 12.
Each plate A and B has a horizontally elongated opening 45
receiving the neck 41 on a spacer 40. The vertical dimension of
opening 45 slightly exceeds the diameter of neck 41 to allow
relative vertical movement between the plate and the spacer but the
vertical dimension of opening 45 is insufficient to permit the main
body of the spacer to pass through the opening. At each opening 45
a plate is confined between a shoulder 42 on one spacer and the end
of the adjacent spacer. The horizontal dimension of opening 45 is
sufficient to provide for the horizontal expansion and contraction
of the plates.
Plates A have large openings 47 surrounding the spacers 40 on rod
36 and plates 8 have large openings 47 surrounding the spacers 40
on rod 35.
As seen in FIG. 1, a rod 35 secures the left end of handle 16 and
additional rods 35 loosely support upper portions of the outer ends
of the plates A. Additional rods 36 loosely support plates B in
other locations as shown.
The frame of cell C further includes a bottom plate 55 having
vertical air guide vanes 56 struck out from the plate, leaving an
open bottom at 57. Horizontal ionizing wires extend between vanes
56, these wires (not shown) being supported at their ends on a pair
of bars 60 at opposite ends of the cell. The ends of bars 60 are
supported in insulating blocks 61, each bar having a terminal 62
for convenient external circuit connection to one or the other.
In operation in a ventilating duct, the airstream flows in an
upward direction between vanes 56 and precipitating plates A and B.
The ionizing wires between vanes 56 impart strong electrical
charges on particles of smoke and other airborne contaminants and
the electrical field existing between plates A and B effects
precipitation of the charged particles on the plates. Hot detergent
water sprays in the duct wash the accumulation of particles off the
plates from time to time, this water draining through the open
bottom of the cell between vanes 56.
A high temperature condition in the duct does not warp the
precipitating plates because the outer ends of all the
precipitating plates have freedom of movement on supporting rods 35
and 36 during expansion and contraction. The uniform spacing of the
plates is thereby maintained and the precipitator is not damaged by
high temperature conditions.
* * * * *