U.S. patent number 3,787,923 [Application Number 05/218,151] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-29 for hinge with torsion bar.
This patent grant is currently assigned to C. Hager & Sons Hinge Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to Francis C. Peterson.
United States Patent |
3,787,923 |
Peterson |
January 29, 1974 |
HINGE WITH TORSION BAR
Abstract
A torsion bar is provided within a hinge having leaves which fit
on the same door as leaves presently used in this country, so as to
bias the door toward a closed or open position. The torsion bar is
mounted within a tubular pivot pin portion of the upper knuckle and
the lower portion of the lower knuckle. The plugs do not extend
above the upper knuckle or below the lower knuckle. The torsion bar
is made from a plurality of thin spring steel members of
predetermined length, which are connected together by bands. The
ends of the torsion bar fit within slots in the inner ends of said
plugs, which inner ends fit within the tubular pivot pin.
Inventors: |
Peterson; Francis C. (Affton,
MO) |
Assignee: |
C. Hager & Sons Hinge
Manufacturing Company (Saint Louis, MO)
|
Family
ID: |
22813967 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/218,151 |
Filed: |
January 17, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
16/308 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E05F
1/12 (20130101); E05F 1/123 (20130101); E05Y
2900/132 (20130101); Y10T 16/5389 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E05F
1/12 (20060101); E05F 1/00 (20060101); E05f
001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;16/184,180 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
332,660 |
|
Feb 1921 |
|
DD |
|
12,052 |
|
Jun 1893 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Gay; Bobby R.
Assistant Examiner: Troutman; Doris L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Gravely, Lieder & Woodruff
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A hinge having a pair of hinge leaves, each of said leaves
having a knuckle thereon, said knuckles each having an opening
therein aligned with an opening in the other knuckle, a tubular
pivot pin extending into each opening of said knuckles, said
tubular pin having an opening therethrough, a plug mounted within
each end of said aligned knuckles, each of said plugs being
identical and positioned within a knuckle, each of said plugs
having an outer surface substantially flush with the outer end of
the knuckle in which said plug is positioned, said outer surface
having an opening therein for receiving a tool, each of said plugs
having an inner portion with a slot therein, a torsion bar made
from a plurality of thin twistable metal strips which are shorter
in length than the combined length of said knuckles and which are
longer in length than the height of the base portions of said
leaves, said torsion bar having ends each of which is mounted
within said slot in the inner portion of said plugs, and means for
preventing rotation of said plugs within said knuckles.
2. A hinge having a pair of hinge leaves, each of said leaves
having a knuckle thereon, said knuckles each having an opening
therein aligned with an opening in the other knuckle, a tubular
pivot pin extending into each opening of said knuckles, said
tubular pivot pin having an opening therethrough, a plug mounted
within each end of said aligned knuckles, each of said plugs being
identical and positioned within a knuckle, each of said plugs
having an outer surface substantially flush with the outer end of
the knuckle in which said plug is positioned, said outer surface
having an opening therein for receiving a tool, each of said plugs
having an inner portion with a slot therein, a torsion bar made
from a plurality of twistable metal strips, said torsion bar having
ends each of which is mounted within said slot in the inner portion
of said plugs, and means for preventing rotation of said plugs
within said knuckles, said plugs having inner shoulders and said
tubular pivot pin having ends, said ends of said tubular pivot pin
being in abutting relation with said inner shoulders of said plugs
when said hinge is in assembled relation, and wherein the height of
said tubular pivot pin is greater than the height of said torsion
bar.
3. A hinge having a pair of identical hinge leaves, each of said
leaves having a base portion and a knuckle thereon, said knuckles
each having an opening therein aligned with an opening in the other
knuckle, a tubular pivot pin extending into each opening of said
knuckles, said tubular pivot pin having an opening therethrough, a
plug mounted within each end of said aligned knuckles, each of said
plugs being identical and positioned within a knuckle, each of said
plugs having an outer surface substantially flush with the outer
end of the knuckle in which said plug is positioned, said outer
surface having an opening therein for receiving a tool, each of
said plugs having an inner portion with a slot therein, a torsion
bar made from a plurality of twistable metal strips, said torsion
bar having ends each of which is mounted within said slot in the
inner portion of said plugs, and means for preventing rotation of
said plugs within said knuckles, said knuckles on said hinge leaves
extending above the top edge of the base portions of said leaves
and below the bottom edge of the base portions of said leaves, so
that the combined height of said knuckles is greater than the
height of a hinge leaf, said knuckles being tubular in
cross-section, said identical leaves each having a base portion
which is flat, said knuckles being welded to base portions along
one half of a vertical edge of each of said base portions, said
knuckles each being shorter in height than the height of the base
portion to which it is secured.
Description
This invention relates to door closer hinges in general, and in
particular, to a door closer which functions as a hinge, which can
be used on the same door with other standard type hinges, and which
has a torsion bar positioned within a tubular pivot pin.
As used herein, the term door closer includes a devide for closing
or opening a door, either fully or partially. The present invention
may be used to bias a door to its fully closed or to its fully open
position. It may also be used to cause a door to spring open
partially upon release of the door lock, such as in a private club
or business where the door is kept locked but is unlocked by remote
means by a person.
Spring hinges are generally old in the art, and hinges with torsion
bars therein are also known. There are several types of door
closers available today. Some of these are separate from the hinges
which pivotally mount a door on a door frame. Some present door
closers include springs connected to said hinges, usually above the
hinge pin and knuckles. Some present door closers utilize a torsion
bar within the knuckles of a hinge for biasing a door to a closed
position. However, such prior arrangements contained plugs or other
members which extend above the upper edge of the upper knuckle
and/or below the lower edge of the lower knuckle of the hinge or
were not compatible with other hinges used on the same door. In
addition, these prior hinges contained leaves which were
unacceptable for a standard door construction today. Further, these
prior art plugs could be adjusted by means of a screwdriver.
The hinge and door closer embodying the present invention is
adapted to be used on factory built or mass produced doors and on
other doors, which doors will require one or more additional hinges
with leaves of about the same size. The present hinge and door
closer is compatible with existing hinges on the market today.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a door
closer within one of the hinges which will be used on a door for
biasing said door to a closed position, or to an open position
should that be desired. Another object of the present invention is
to provide a door closer which has few parts and which fits
completely within the confines of knuckles of substantially the
same diameter as other hinges that are used on the same door.
Another object is to provide such a door closer which fits
completely within the confines of said knuckles and does not extend
upwardly or downwardly from the ends thereof. Another object is to
provide such a door closer having knuckles with upper and lower
plugs which are identical, which receive a torsion bar, and which
can be adjusted. Another object is to provide a construction that
is compatible with hinges of the slip butt type so that each leaf
of a hinge can be installed separately, one on the door and the
other on the frame, so that the door may simply be lifted and hung
onto the hinge leaf previously connected to be already installed
door frame. Another object is to provide a door closer within a
hinge whose amount of torque can be adjusted by means of a
screwdriver. These and other objects will become apparent
hereinafter.
The present invention is embodied in a hinge having a pair of hinge
leaves with knuckles thereon, a tubular pivot pin extending into
each of the knuckles, a plug mounted in contacting relation with
each end of the tubular pivot pin, said plugs being positioned
within the knuckles and not extending above the upper edge or below
the lower edge thereof, the inner portion of each of said plugs
having a slot therein for receiving a torsion bar of predetermined
length made from a plurality of twistable metal strips, and means
for preventing rotation of said plugs within said knuckles.
The invention further consists in the part and in the arrangements
and combinations of parts hereinafter described and claimed. In the
accompanying drawings which form part of this specification and
wherein like numerals and symbols refer to like parts whenever they
occur:
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a hinge and door closer
embodying the present invention,
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the hinge and door closer shown in
FIG. 1, with one leaf shown also in dotted lines in its door closed
position which is the position to which this leaf is normally
biased,
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical cross-sectional view
taken along the line 3--3 of FIG. 2 and showing the assembly of the
parts with the torsion bar in an untwisted position,
FIG. 4 is a side elevational view of the torsion bar taken at
90.degree. from the position of the torsion bar as shown in FIG.
3,
FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the hinge taken
across the upper knuckle along the line 5--5 of FIG. 3,
FIG. 6 is an enlarged side elevational view of one of the two
identical plugs used in said hinge and door closer,
FIG. 7 is a view of the inner end of a plug which fits within said
knuckle, which inner end cannot be seen when assembled into a
knuckle, and
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of a door having the present
hinge and door closer mounted thereon with conventional hinges
shown above and below said hinge and door closer.
Referring now to the drawings in detail, it will be seen that the
embodiment of the invention which has been illustrated comprises a
hinge H which is similar in size and dimension to hinges used in
the trade today in the United States and can be used on the same
door with said hinges. This hinge H has a torsion bar T therein, so
that the hinge H functions not only as a hinge but also as a door
closer. Or conversely, the door closer functions as a hinge in
addition to biasing a door to either a normally closed position or
to a normally open position. As best seen in FIG. 1, the hinge H
comprises two cooperating hinge leaves 1 and 2 having flat base
portions 3 and 4 with knuckles 5 and 6 thereon. The knuckles are
connected to the base portions by any suitable means. At present,
it has been found that steel base portions with tubular knuckles
welded thereto, at W, are preferable. The knuckles 5 and 6 may be
made from conventional steel tubing of the proper specification and
dimensions. The knuckles may also be joined to the base portions by
other means or may be integral therewith, but such is generally
more expensive than welding a tubular knuckle to a base
portion.
The hinge leaves 1 and 2 have upper edges 7 and lower edges 8. The
base portion of each hinge leaf is of a height, width and depth
which is compatible with other hinges which are adapted to be
placed on the door to be hung and biased to a closed (or open)
position. Each hinge leaf has a plurality of holes 9 therein for
receiving screws (not shown) or other means for securing the hinge
leaf to a door or door frame.
The present invention is shown in a hinge of the slip butt type for
ease in mounting a door D to a door frame F (FIG. 8). At present,
there is increasing use of pre-built or factory built doors
hingeably mounted in door frames. The unit is shipped from a
factory to a building construction site and the door is removed
from the door frame if it is not shipped in separate parts. The
door frame is mounted in the wall in permanent position. The door
frame F already has one hinge leaf mounted thereon in each place
where the door is to be hinged. This may be two or more hinges. The
door, which has the other cooperating hinge leaf secured thereto at
the factory is then merely lifted into position so that the bottom
of the hinge pin in each knuckle of the hinge mounted on the door
is directly over the opening of the knuckle of the hinge leaf on
the door frame, and the door can then simply be lowered until the
hinge pin is fully received in the knuckle of the hinge leaf on the
door frame and the knuckle on the door is in abutting relation with
the knuckle on the door frame. The hinge and door closer embodying
the present invention can be installed on doors having hinges
thereon of the type described, or may be a substitute for one of
two hinges on a door, or if desired, may be a middle hinge with
other conventional hinges above and below the same, as shown in
FIG. 8. In short, the present hinge and door closer can be be a
substitute for a hinge since it performs the usual functions of a
hinge in addition to being a door closer. The present door closer
can also be used in addition to the regular number of other hinges
on a door.
FIG. 2 shows the present hinge and door closer H with its hinge
leaves 1 and 2 apart 180.degree.. FIG. 2 further shows one hinge
leaf 2 in dotted lines, which represents the position to which said
hinge leaf 2 may be normally biased.
FIG. 3 shows the invention in detail with the knuckles 5 and 6 in
an edgewise abutting relation, at 10. An annular bearing (not
shown) may be included between the two knuckles 5 and 6 if desired
to further reduce friction. However, the contacting annular surface
of the knuckles 5 and 6 are flat and provide a bearing surface
which reduces friction. The upper knuckle 5, which is connected to
and forms a part of one of said hinge leaves 1, has an upper
portion 11 which extends above the upper edge 7 of the hinge leaf
1. Similarly the lower knuckle 6, which is connected to and forms a
part of the other hinge leaf 2, has a lower portion 12 which
extends below the lower edge 8 of the hinge leaf 2. The height of
the knuckles 5 and 6 is greater than the height of hinge leaf 1 or
2. The upper knuckle 5 has an upper edge 13 and a lower edge 14.
The lower knuckle 6 has a lower edge 15 and an upper edge 16. The
knuckles 5 and 6 are tubular and have aligned openings 17 and 18
therethrough.
A tubular pivot pin P is positioned within the knuckles 5 and 6 to
hold the two leaves 1 and 2 in assembled relation. The pin P has an
opening 19 therethrough, an upper edge 20, and a lower edge 21. The
outside diameter of said pin P is such that it forms a slip fit
within the openings 17 and 18 in the knuckles 5 and 6. The tubular
pivot pin P is made from any suitable material which can be used as
a hinge pin. Preferably this is steel, as are all of the other
parts, so that the hinge may be used on a fire rated door.
As best shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the torsion bar T is mounted within
the opening 19 in the pin P. The torsion bar T is made from a
plurality of twistable metal strips 22, preferably of similar size
and dimension, which are connected together by means of bands 23
positioned inwardly of the upper edge 24 and lower edge 25 of the
torsion bar T. It has been found that seven twistable metal strips
22 made from spring steel, each about 0.021 inches thick and .265
inches wide and 6.25 inches long, gives satisfactory results. The
length of these strips 22 is critical. The strips 22 must be at
least 6 inches long for the hinge H used on a normal door. If the
torsion bar T is too short, some permanent stress or set may be set
up in the torsion bar T in normal use in some installations and
this is not desirable. If the torsion bar T is too long, then it
will not have sufficient torque or biasing force to move the door
to the desired position.
The torsion bar T is mounted within the hinge H solely by its ends
24 and 25 which are received in an upper plug 26 and a lower plug
27, best shown in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7. Preferably the plugs 26 and 27
are identical so as to be interchangeable, although if desired, the
plugs may be of different heights. The upper plug 26 will be
described, although the lower plug 27 is identical thereto. Each
plug 26 and 27 has an upper or outer section and a lower or inner
section 29, there being an annular inner shoulder or bearing
surface 30 therebetween. The outer section 28 is of greater
diameter than the inner section 29 and has a cylindrical surface 31
that slip fits into the opening 17 in the upper knuckle 5. The
inner section 29 has a cylindrical surface 32 which slip fits into
the opening 19 in the tubular pivot pin P. The inner section 29 is
provided with a slot 33. The slot 33 receive the ends 24 and 25 of
the torsion bar T in slip fit relation. The inner section 29 may
have a bevel 34 at the bottom edge thereof for ease in guiding the
plugs into the knuckles. The outer section 28 of each plug contains
means on its outer surface 35 for adjusting the rotatable position
of the plug within the knuckle, which means comprises a plurality
of radial or diametral slots 36 having bottoms 37 positioned at or
below the inner edge 38 of a hole 39 in the knuckles 5 and 6. Each
hole 39 is adapted to receive a locking pin 40 (FIG. 5) having a
shank 41 and a head 42 thereon. The pin 40 extends through the hole
39 and into a radial slot 36 when said slot 36 is aligned with the
hole 39. In this manner, the upper plug 26 is secured within the
upper knuckle 5 against rotation by means of the locking pin 40.
That is, the upper plug 26, locking pin 40, and upper knuckle 5
move as a unit with the base portion 3 and do not move with respect
to each other when the hinge H is in operating use. However, the
plug 26 is adjustably mounted within the knuckle 5 so as to be able
to adjust the amount of twist to be placed on the torsion bar T to
provide the proper force of torque desired to bias a door to a
closed position, or to an open position, if that is desired.
To adjust the plug 26, the locking pin 40 is pulled outwardly until
the locking pin shank 41 is completely out of the radial slot 36.
The locking pin 40 may be grasped by the locking pin head 42 or
said head 42 may be pried outwardly with a screwdriver or other
tool. The locking pin 40 can be completely removed or its outer end
may be retained within the thickness of the knuckle wall. If radial
or diametral slots 36 provided the adjustinc means, a screwdriver
or other tool (not shown) can be inserted into one of said slots 36
to rotate the plug 26 in increments of 30.degree. until the plug 26
is in the desired position in which it provides the desired torque
or twist for closing the door. The locking pin 40 is then
reinserted into the hole 39 and radial slot 36 to hold the upper
plug 26 in fixed relation in the upper knuckle 5.
The lower plug 27 is of indentical construction and is received in
the lower knuckle 6 in the same fashion as the upper plug 26 is
received in the upper knuckle 5. One or both of the plugs 26 and 27
may be adjusted if desired. The outer surface 35 of the upper plug
26 is flush with the upper edge 13 of the upper knuckle 5. The
outer surface 35 of the lower plug 27 is flush with the lower edge
15 of the lower knuckle 6.
To assemble the hinge H, which is apparent from the drawings, the
pin P is slipped into the knuckle 5, such as through the lower edge
14. The lower knuckle 6 is then slipped upwardly on the pin P until
its upper edge 16 contacts the lower edge 14 of the upper knuckle
5. The lower end 25 of the torsion bar T is slipped into the slot
33 of the lower plug 27 which is then slipped upwardly through the
opening 19 in the pin P until the outer surface 35 is flush with
the lower end 15 of the knuckle 6. The plug 27 is then rotated
until a radial slot 36 is aligned with the lower hole 38 and a
locking pin 40 is then inserted. The upper plug 26 is then inserted
into the upper knuckle 5 so that its slot 33 receives the upper end
24 of the torsion bar T. The upper plug 26 must then be rotated or
adjusted to provide the torsion bar T with any suitable pre-loading
or twist that might be desired. This is done by rotating the upper
plug 26 with a screwdriver which is slipped into a diametral slot
36 until the proper pre-loading is reached. This is in 60.degree.
intervals if six radial slots are provided. The screwdriver rotates
the plug 26 until the proper radial slot 36 is opposite to the hole
39 in the upper knuckle 5.
The hinge H may be assembled in other ways, either prior to
mounting the hinge H on a door D or after it is mounted on the door
D. If any event, once the door D is hung on a door frame F, the
twist or torsion which the hinge H exerts can be adjusted by
removing the locking pin 40, rotating the plug 26 or 27, and then
reinserting the locking pin 40.
The present arrangement permits what appears to be an ordinary
hinge H to function also as a door closer without the use of coil
spring or other means which add additional expense, which gather
dirt and dust, and which have other disadvantages. Nothing in the
hinge H extends above the upper edge 13 of the upper knuckle 5, and
nothing extends below the lower edge 15 of the lower knuckle 6. The
edges 20 and 21 of the pin P are positioned to be in edgewise
abutting relation with the shoulders 30 of the two plugs 26 and 27.
This arrangement firmly positions the ends of the pin P between the
knuckle and the inner section 29 of the plug and prevents vertical
movement of the pin P. If desired, an annular bearing collar (not
shown) may be positioned between each end of the pin P and the
annular shoulder 30 of each plug 26 and 27 to reduce friction. Such
a collar may be made from bearing bronze impregnated with oil or
from plastic material.
As indicated, the hinge H may be made of any suitable material but
steel is preferred so that the hinge may be used on a fire rated
door. While each hinge leave shown contains only one knuckle, the
present invention can be used with leaves each containing one or
more knuckles as desired.
This invention is intended to cover all changes and modifications
of the example of invention herein chosen for the purpose of the
disclosure, which changes do not constitute departures from the
spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *