U.S. patent number 3,786,563 [Application Number 05/176,547] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-22 for shaving system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Gillette Company. Invention is credited to Francis W. Dorion, Jr., Warren I. Nissen, Edward E. Pomfret.
United States Patent |
3,786,563 |
Dorion, Jr. , et
al. |
January 22, 1974 |
SHAVING SYSTEM
Abstract
A shaving system comprises a leading blade member having a
cutting edge and a following blade member having a cutting edge.
The cutting edges are supported in spaced parallel relation to one
another by structure which extends along substantially the entire
lengths of the leading and following blade members and a guard
structure is disposed forwardly of the leading cutting edge. The
guard structure is disposed relative to the leading cutting edge to
define a leading edge tangent angle in the range of
20.degree.-32.degree. and a span (S.sub.L) in the range of
0.030-0.080 inch, the following cutting edge is rearwardly offset
from the leading cutting edge to define a span (S.sub.F) in the
range of 0.030-0.080 inch, and each cutting edge has an exposure in
the range of from -0.002 inch to +0.004 inch.
Inventors: |
Dorion, Jr.; Francis W.
(Hingham, MA), Nissen; Warren I. (Topsfield, MA),
Pomfret; Edward E. (Berkshire, EN) |
Assignee: |
The Gillette Company (Boston,
MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22644798 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/176,547 |
Filed: |
August 31, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
30/50;
297/DIG.10; 30/83 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B26B
21/22 (20130101); B26B 21/24 (20130101); Y10S
297/10 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B26B
21/22 (20060101); B26B 21/08 (20060101); B26B
21/24 (20060101); B26b 021/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;30/50,77,80,83,85,40.1 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
772,532 |
|
Apr 1957 |
|
GB |
|
286,594 |
|
Feb 1953 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Jones, Jr.; James L.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Ertman; Willis M.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A shaving system comprising a leading blade member having a
planar body and a cutting edge, a following blade member having a
planar body and a cutting edge, said blade members being
permanently secured together in fixed geometrical relationship, a
guard structure disposed forwardly of the cutting edge of said
leading blade member, and blade member support structure including
a cap member disposed rearwardly of said following cutting edge and
a base member having a front wall surface, said guard structure
extending parallel to said front wall surface but spaced therefrom
to form a slot therebetween, said cap and base members engaging the
bodies of said leading and following blade members and including
means along substantially the entire length of said leading and
following blade members for rigidly supporting said cutting edges
in spaced, parallel relation to one another,
said guard structure being disposed relative to said leading
cutting edge to define a leading edge tangent angle in the range of
20.degree.-32.degree. and a span (S.sub.L) in the range of
0.03-0.08 inch,
said following cutting edge being rearwardly offset from said
leading cutting edge to define a span (S.sub.F) in the range of
0.03-0.08 inch, and
each cutting edge having an exposure of 0.0015 .+-.0.0015 inch.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the tangent angle of
said following edge is less than said leading edge tangent angle.
Description
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
This invention relates to shaving systems and is directed more
particularly to a shaving system that includes a plurality of
cutting edges.
It is a principal object of this invention to provide a novel and
improved shaving system which provides both a close and a safe
shave. A further object of the invention is to provide such a
system in which a plurality of cutting edges are fixed in position
with respect to one another and with respect to a cooperating guard
structure to define a desired geometrical relationship between
various components of the system.
It has long been desirable in the shaving field to provide a
shaving system which provides both a very close shave and a safe
shave, i.e., a shave with minimal risk of nicks and cuts. Such a
shaving system to be practical must be capable of manufacture by
mass production techniques and should be easy to use and effective
in a wide range of shaving environments.
It has been discovered that a plural cutting edge shaving system in
which certain critical geometrical relationships are observed
provides superior shaving characteristics. Such a shaving system
includes two cutting edges disposed parallel to one another and in
spaced relation to provide leading and following cutting edges so
that both cutting edges are successively active with respect to the
hair elements being cut during a single shaving stroke. The cutting
edges are supported in spaced parallel relation to one another by
structure which extends along substantially the entire lengths of
the blade members that define those cutting edges. A guard
structure is disposed in fixed relation to the cutting edges to
define in part the desired geometrical relationship. Significant
components of that geometrical relationship include "blade tangent
angle," "exposure," and "span." "Blade tangent angle" is defined as
the angle between the bisector of the included angle of the cutting
edge and a line from the cutting edge tangent to the skin engaging
surface immediately forward of that cutting edge. "Exposure" is
defined as the distance (measured perpendicularly to a reference
plane defined by skin engaging surfaces immediately in front of and
behind the cutting edge) from the cutting edge to that plane, the
exposure being considered positive when the cutting edge is located
on the outer (skin) side of that plane and being considered
negative when the cutting edge is further from the skin than that
plane. "Span" is defined as the distance between the cutting edge
and the skin engaging surface forward of that cutting edge.
In a shaving system in accordance with the invention, the leading
cutting edge of the shaving system has a blade tangent angle in the
range of 20.degree.-32.degree., an exposure in the range of -0.002
to +0.004 inch and a span in the range of 0.030-0.080 inch, while
the following cutting edge has an exposure in the range of -0.002
to +0.004 inch and a span in the range of 0.030-0.080 inch.
In a preferred embodiment the leading cutting edge of the shaving
system has a blade tangent angle of 26.degree..+-.1.5.degree., an
exposure of 0.0015.+-.0.0015 inch and a span of 0.059.+-.0.004
inch, while the following cutting edge has an exposure of
0.0015.+-.0.0015 inch and a span of 0.062.+-.0.004 inch. The
leading and following cutting members are planar blade members and
the bodies of the blade members are disposed parallel to one
another. Cooperating guard and cap structures are molded of plastic
material and the cap, base and spacer members and two blade
elements are secured together in fixed geometrical relationship to
define a blade unit which is releasably attached to a handle
component. The spacer member includes a plurality of forwardly
extending spaced fingers. Slots in the blades, in cooperation with
the fingers and with slots in the base member, provide flow
passages adjacent the shaving zone. The handle has an elongated,
slightly tapered grip, the upper end of which is angularly offset
and defines an extension portion. A transversely extending blade
unit coupling structure is disposed at the outer end of the offset
extension portion. The blade unit, when secured to the coupling
structure, has its guard surface spaced about 0.6 inch forward of
the most closely adjacent surface of the elongated grip portion and
the reference line tangent to the guard surface that defines the
leading blade tangent angle is disposed at an angle of about
39.degree. to the axis of the elongated grip portion.
The plural edge shaving system of the invention provides excellent
shaving characteristics, the resulting shave being both extremely
smooth and extremely close. While the involved shaving action is
not fully understood, there appears to be a dynamic interaction of
the plural cutting edges with the hairs being cut during the
shaving operation with resulting comfortable, convenient, safe and
efficient shaving in a low blade tangent angle, low exposure
geometry. The shaving system provides this improved dynamic
interaction while facilitating flow of debris resulting from the
shaving operation away from the shaving zone. The preferred blade
unit and handle configuration provides a balanced and easy to use
precision shaving device capable of economic manufacture on a
volume production basis.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be
seen as the following description of a particular embodiment
progresses, in conjunction with the drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a razor assembly incorporating a shaving
system in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the razor assembly shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the razor assembly shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of components of the blade
unit employed in the razor assembly as shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the blade unit employed
in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and illustrates certain geometric
relationships .
DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENT
The razor assembly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a handle
component 10 and a blade unit component 12. The handle component
has a grip portion 14 molded of high impact polystyrene that is 4
1/4 inches long and of generally square cross-section and that
slightly tapers towards its upper end. Grooves 16 along a portion
of the length of grip 14 facilitates its handling by the user. A
continuation of the grip in the form of neck portion 18 extends
forwardly and upwardly from the upper end at an angle of
120.degree. to the axis of grip 14. Secured at its outer end is a
plated brass transversely extending coupling structure 20 that has
two outwardly directed rail members 22, the upper surfaces of which
define a reference plane 24 perpendicular to the axis of neck
portion 18. The reference plane 24 is spaced a distance H of 0.55
inch from the junction of neck portion 18 with the rear surface of
the grip portion 14. A laterally extending slot 26 is formed in the
base of coupling structure 20 on either side of the connection to
neck portion 18. Spring plate 28 functions as a resilient latch
member and cooperates with the rails 22 of the coupling structure
20 to secure the blade unit 12 on the handle 10.
The cooperating blade unit 12 includes a base or platform member 30
molded of high impact polystyrene that includes integral coupling
groove structure 32 in which the rails 22 are received and a
transversely extending guard structure 34. On the upper surface of
the base platform structure are disposed a steel leading blade
element 36 and a steel following blade element 38 which are
maintained in spaced relation by aluminum spacer member 40. The
blade elements and spacer member are secured to the base member by
cap member 42 also molded of high impact polystyrene. The blade
elements 36, 38 are disposed parallel to one another in this
embodiment and, when the blade unit 12 is attached to handle 10, at
an angle of 35.degree. to the reference plane 24 defined by the
upper surfaces of the rails 22, and at an angle of 65.degree. to
the axis of the handle.
The surface of guard structure 34 extends about 0.23 inch above the
reference plane 24 and is offset about 0.6 inch from the front
surface of the upper end of the grip portion 14.
A front view of components of the shaving system is shown in FIG.
3.
Additional details of the blade unit 12 may be seen with reference
to the exploded view of FIG. 4. The base member 30 includes a
planar support surface 50 in which are formed a series of four
securing apertures 52 and a series of four drain slots 54. There is
an upwardly extending vertical surface 56 at the rear of platform
50 in which are disposed two recesses 58 and a downwardly extending
vertical surface 60 at the front of platform 50. A recess 62 is
formed at either end of platform 50 and end wall structures 64
extend downwardly and forwardly from either end of platform surface
50. Guard structure 34 extends between the forward extending
portions of the end walls 64 and in spaced relation from front wall
60 of base 30. Spaced webs 66, which extend forwardly from wall 60
to the guard member 34, increase the rigidity of that guard member
and define drain recesses between surface 60 and the guard. At
either end of the guard member is an upwardly projecting vertical
reference surface 68. Extending downwardly from the lower end of
the base member 30 at the front and rear thereof are projections
which include inwardly extending flanges 70 at their outer ends
that define with the lower surface of the base two parallel opposed
grooves which are adapted to receive the rails 22 of the handle
component to secure the blade unit 12 to that handle. Spring plate
28 engages a notch in the forward flange 70 to latch the blade unit
against transverse movement.
Each blade element 36, 38 has parallel front and rear edges, the
front edge of each blade element being sharpened to define a
cutting edge 80. Formed in each blade member are series of four
axially extending slots 82 and four irregularly shaped apertures
84. The forward edges 86 of apertures 84 are straight and of the
same length as slots 82 while the rear edges 88 of apertures 84
have a curvature corresponding to the curvature of the securing
apertures 52 in base member 30.
Spacer 40, interposed between the blade elements, has a length of 1
1/2 inches, a width of 0.24 inch and a thickness of 0.020 inch.
Formed in the forward edge of spacer 40 are a series of recesses
98, each of which is 0.080 inch deep and about one-eighth inch
long. These recesses define a series of spaced forwardly directed
fingers 100, each of which is 0.056 inch in width. Each of the
fingers 100 culminates in an 0.020 inch wide tip 102 which
terminates the inclined side wall surfaces 104, 106 which extend
rearwardly and diverge towards the main body of the spacer member
40 and also are inclined vertically so that the top surface 108 of
each finger is smaller than the corresponding bottom surface of
that finger. The spacer is further provided with holes 110 that are
alignable with the holes 52 at the base member and the holes 84 in
the blade elements. Recesses 112 in the rear edge of spacer 40 are
alignable with the recesses 58 in the base member.
Cap member 42 molded of high impact polystyrene includes a
transversely extending portion 118 disposed between end wall
portions 120, 122. Pins 124 extend downwardly from the transversely
extending portion 118 and are alignable with the holes 52, 84 and
110 in the base, blades and spacer members, respectively. The pins
are hollow at their free ends to facilitate cold heading. The top
surface 126 of portion 118 is inclined at an angle of 73.degree. to
the axis of pins 124 and the top surfaces of end walls 120, 122
project above surface 126 and are inclined at an angle of
70.degree. to the axes of pins 124. The end walls 120, 122 also
extend beyond the forward edge of the cap surface 126 and each
includes an exterior vertical reference surface 130 that is adapted
to engage the reference surface 68 on base member 30 and interior
vertical reference surfaces 134 and 136 which are used for locating
the blade members 36, 38 relative to one another and to the guard
structure 34 in the assembled blade unit. An elongated recess 138
defined by transverse portion 118 and the end wall portions 120,
120 receives the wall surface 56 of the base member 30.
In assembly, the base 30, blade elements 36, 38, spacer 40 and cap
member 42 are disposed in aligned relation with pins 124 extending
through the corresponding holes 52, 84 and 110. The components are
loosely held in stacked relation under light pressure and suitable
means such as a jet of air or a mechanical tool applies force
through the openings defined by recesses 58 and cooperating
portions of cap 42 to urge the two blade members 36, 38 forwardly
against stop surfaces 134, 136, respectively. The assembly is then
clamped firmly together and the free ends of the pins 124 are
expanded in a cold heading operation to secure the components of
the blade unit firmly together.
In the assembled blade unit, as indicated in FIG. 5, the cutting
edge 80 of the leading blade 36 extends over the recesses between
forward wall 60 and the guard member 34, while the cutting edge 80
of the following blade 38 is located above the recesses 98 between
fingers 100 of spacer 40 so that paths are provided for
communication through the slots 82 and the forward ends of
apertures 84 in the leading blade 36 and the slots 54 in the base
member 30. These passages facilitate the flow away from the shaving
zone of lather and debris resulting from the shaving operation.
Features of the resulting geometry in this blade unit are also
illustrated in FIG. 5. With reference to that figure, a first
reference line 150 extends from the cutting edge 80.sub.F of
following blade 38 to skin engaging point 152 on guard 34 and the
perpendicular distance E.sub.L that the cutting edge 80.sub.L of
the leading blade 36 projects beyond that line is the "exposure" of
that blade. A similar reference line 154 extends from the cutting
edge 80.sub.L of the leading blade 36 to skin engaging point 156 on
surface 126 of cap 42 and the perpendicular distance E.sub.F that
the cutting edge 80.sub.F of the following blade 38 projects beyond
from that line is the "exposure" of the following blade. Another
relationship useful in defining shaving geometry is "blade tangent
angle," which for leading blade 36 is the angle between line 158 (a
reference line which bisects the included angle of the cutting edge
80.sub.L of the leading blade 36) and the line 160 that extends
from cutting edge 80.sub.L of blade 36 to a skin engaging point on
guard member 34 (the latter point being slightly offset from point
152). A further relationship of interest is "span," the distance
between the cutting edge and the nearest skin engaging point
forward of that edge. Span for the leading cutting edge 80.sub.L is
denominated S.sub.L and is the distance between edge 80.sub.L and a
skin engaging point on guard 34 while the span S.sub.F, for the
trailing blade 38 is the distance between its sharpened edge and
the sharpened edge of the leading blade 36.
The blade unit in the illustrated embodiment has a blade tangent
angle A.sub.L for leading blade 36 of 26.degree., a blade tangent
angle A.sub.F for following blade 38 of 22.degree.50'; exposures
E.sub.L and E.sub.F each of 0.0015 inch; S.sub.L of 0.059 inch; and
S.sub.F of about 0.062 inch.
It will be understood that the system may take many forms other
than that of the particular above-described embodiment. For
example, in alternative constructions more than two blades may be
provided. Also, the plane of one or more of the following blades
may be set at a different angle than the leading blade. The blade
unit geometry may be used with various handle configurations. While
there are advantages to the replaceable blade unit feature, it will
be apparent that the shaving system may be incorporated in a device
in which the handle is integral with the blade unit.
Therefore while a particular embodiment of the invention has been
shown and described, it is to be understood that these and various
other modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in
the art and therefore it is not intended that the invention be
limited to the disclosed embodiment or to details thereof and
departures may be made therefrom within the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined in the claims.
* * * * *