U.S. patent number 3,785,565 [Application Number 05/321,747] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for rotary sprinkler head.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Wet Manufacturing Co.. Invention is credited to Donald T. Costner, Edward F. Noggle, Leonard T. Perry.
United States Patent |
3,785,565 |
Perry , et al. |
January 15, 1974 |
ROTARY SPRINKLER HEAD
Abstract
A pop-up, gear driven, rotary sprinkler head in which the arc of
spray coverage may be precisely adjusted while the sprinkler head
is inoperative by counting clicks of a detent and in which the
drive reversal means for the nozzle is a cam actuated deflector
which directs water from a single orifice in either of two
directions to reversably drive the gear train.
Inventors: |
Perry; Leonard T. (Midway City,
CA), Costner; Donald T. (Downey, CA), Noggle; Edward
F. (Tustin, CA) |
Assignee: |
Wet Manufacturing Co. (Orange,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
23251858 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/321,747 |
Filed: |
January 8, 1973 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/206;
239/242 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B05B
15/74 (20180201); B05B 3/0431 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B05B
3/02 (20060101); B05B 15/10 (20060101); B05B
15/00 (20060101); B05B 3/04 (20060101); B05b
003/16 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/206,240,242 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wood, Jr.; M. Henson
Assistant Examiner: Kashnikow; Andres
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Allan R. Fowler et al.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. In a pop up, gear driven, rotary sprinkler head, apparatus for
adjusting the arc of water spray coverage, comprising:
a. a first cam;
b. a second cam arcuately spaced apart from said first cam;
c. means responsive to the included angle between said first and
second cams for reversing the direction of rotation of said
sprinkler head; and
d. means for adjusting said included angle between said first and
second cams while said sprinkler is inoperative.
2. In a pop up, gear driven, rotary sprinkler head, apparatus for
adjusting the arc of water spray coverage comprising:
a. a sprinkler body;
b. means on said sprinkler body for limiting the arc of rotation of
the sprinkler head in one direction and for reversing said
rotation;
c. an arc adjustment ring having means thereon for limiting the arc
of rotation of the sprinkler head in the opposite direction and for
reversing said rotation;
d. means on said sprinkler body and said adjustment ring releasably
holding said adjustment ring against rotation relative to said
body; and
e. manually operable means to rotate said adjustment ring relative
to said body against said releasably holding means so as to allow
adjustment of said spray arc while said sprinkler head is
inoperative.
3. The apparatus as set forth in claim 2 in which said releasably
holding means are detent means including uniformly spaced
serrations each of such depth that a readily perceptible detent
stop is provided at each of said detent positions.
4. The apparatus defined in claim 2 in which said releasably
holding means comprise:
a. detent lugs rigidly retained on said sprinkler body; and
b. detent serrations on the outer periphery of said arc adjustment
ring for detent interaction with said detent lugs on said sprinkler
body.
5. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein:
a. said arc adjustment ring has gear teeth on the periphery
thereof; and
b. said manually operable means comprises a rotatable gear in
engagement with said gear teeth of the adjustment ring.
6. The apparatus defined in claim 2 in which said rotatable gear is
disposed on a reciprocable plunger such that said gear may be moved
into selective engagement with said gear teeth on said arc
adjustment ring.
7. The apparatus as defined in claim 2 in which said detent means
comprise equal, precisely spaced serrations so as to be readily
perceptible by an operator when said adjustment ring is rotated
relative to said body, so as to provide an exact indication of the
angle through which said adjustment ring is rotated.
8. In a pop up, rotary sprinkler head wherein the rotary motion is
derived from a gear train, apparatus for providing a water jet to
energize said gear train, comprising:
a. water conduit means having a first opening in fluid
communication with a portion of the water supplied to said
sprinkler head, and a second opening on the side of said water
conduit means so as to provide a transverse stream of water;
and
b. a deflector movable with respect to said transverse stream of
water from said second opening so as to provide a focused jet of
water directed selectively in either of two directions when water
is supplied to said sprinkler head to selectively drive the gear
train in either of two opposite directions.
9. The apparatus defined in claim 8 in which said water conduit
means is a cylindrical post and said deflector abuts said post
along a portion of the length of said post and is selectively
rotatable about the longitudinal axis of said post to first and
second discrete positions, said deflector being provided with first
and second transverse holes therethrough, such that said first hole
of said deflector is brought into communication with said second
opening in said post when said deflector is in said first discrete
position, and said second hole of said deflector is brought into
communication with said second opening in said post when said
deflector is in said second discrete position, said first and
second holes of said deflector being adapted to provide a focused
jet of water directed selectively in either of two directions when
water is supplied to said sprinkler head.
10. In a pop up, rotary sprinkler head in which the rotary motion
of a nozzle relative to the stationary sprinkler body is derived
from a gear train, apparatus for converting linear motion of the
supply water to rotary motion of said gear train, comprising:
a. a cylindrical post having a hollow central passage, said passage
having a first opening in fluid communication with a portion of the
water supplied to said sprinkler head, and a second opening on the
circumference of said post so as may provide a transverse stream of
water;
b. a deflector abutting said post along a portion of the length of
said post and selectively rotatable about the longitudinal axis of
said post to first and second discrete positions, said deflector
being provided with first and second transverse holes therethrough,
such that said first hole of said deflector is brought into
communication with said second opening in said post when said
deflector is in said first discrete position, and said second hole
of said deflector is brought into communication with said second
opening in said post when said deflector is in said second discrete
position, said first and second holes of said deflector being
adapted to provide a focused jet of water directed selectively in
either of two directions when water is supplied to said sprinkler
head; and
c. an impeller gear having teeth in engagement with a gear of said
gear train, and which impeller gear is disposed immediately
adjacent said deflector so that said teeth are in suitable position
so that said jet of water emanating from said deflector will cause
said impeller gear to rotate in a first direction about its axis
when said first hole of said deflector is in communication with
said second opening of said post, and said impeller gear will
rotate in a second direction about its axis when said second hole
of said deflector is in communication with said second opening of
said post, so as to impart rotary motion to said gear train in
either of two directions selected.
11. The apparatus as set forth in claim 10, in which said impeller
gear comprises a spur gear having a substantial number of short,
closely spaced teeth so as to place optimally close to said
deflector holes the operative surfaces of said gear teeth upon
which the water jet impinges, in order to obtain the optimum energy
transfer from said water jet to said spur gear and thence to said
gear train.
12. The apparatus as set forth in claim 10 in which said impeller
gear comprises a spur gear having a substantial number of short,
closely spaced teeth and a root circle diameter much greater than
the depth of said gear teeth, so as to ensure that whenever said
water jet impinges on the operative surfaces of said teeth a
rotating moment is always created about said axis of said spur
gear.
13. The apparatus as set forth in claim 10 additionally comprising
means for switching said deflector between said first and second
discrete positions.
14. The apparatus as set forth in claim 13 in which said switching
means comprise:
a. first cam means on said body of said sprinkler head;
b. second cam means arcuately adjustable relative to said first cam
means; and
c. spring means responsive to said cam means disposed on said post
and deflector so as to cause said deflector to snap between said
first and second discrete positions so as to render the included
angle between said first and second cam means determinative of the
arc sprayed by said nozzle.
15. In a pop up, gear driven, rotary sprinkler head, apparatus for
converting the linear motion of the flow of supply water to the
rotary motion of the nozzle of said sprinkler head, comprising:
a. a cylindrical post having a hollow central passage, said passage
having a first opening in fluid communication with a portion of the
water supplied to said sprinkler head, and a second opening on the
circumference of said post so as may provide a transverse stream of
water;
b. a deflector which abuts said post along a portion of the length
of said post and is selectively rotatable about the longitudinal
axis of said post to first and second discrete positions, and which
deflector is provided with first and second horizontal holes
therethrough, such that said first hole of said deflector is
brought into communication with said second opening in said post
when said deflector is in said first discrete position, and said
second hole of said deflector is brought into communication with
said second opening in said post when said deflector is in said
second discrete position, said first and second holes of said
deflector being adapted to provide a focused jet of water directed
selectively in either of two directions when water is supplied to
said sprinkler head;
c. gear means comprised of a train of gears disposed rotatably
between top and bottom frame members suitable for impinging
interaction with said jet of water so that said individual gears of
said train rotate when said jet of water impinges thereon;
d. means for imparting the rotation of said individual gears to
said top and bottom frame members of said gear means so as to cause
said gear means to rotate about a vertical axis; and
e. means secured to said gear means to impart said rotation of said
gear means to said nozzle of said sprinkler head.
16. The apparatus as set forth in claim 15, in which said gear
means comprised of a train of gears further comprise an impeller
gear in engagement with said gear train, which impeller gear is
disposed suitably to be impinged by said water jet in such a manner
that said impeller gear is caused to rotate so as to cause the
rotation of said individual gears of said gear train.
17. The apparatus as set forth in claim 16 in which said impeller
gear comprises a spur gear.
18. The apparatus as set forth in claim 15, and further including
means for alternately reversing the direction of rotation of said
nozzle of said rotary sprinkler head comprising:
a. means for switching said deflector alternately between said two
respective discrete positions; and
b. means for camming said switching means so as to cause said
switching means to switch said deflector between said two
respective discrete positions, said camming means being responsive
to the angular position of said nozzle.
19. The apparatus as set forth in claim 18, in which said means for
switching said deflector alternately between said two respective
discrete positions comprise:
a. a collar disposed about a portion of said post such that said
collar may be rotated about said longitudinal axis of said post
selectively to two discrete positions corresponding respectively to
the two discrete positions of said deflector;
b. a first L-shaped arm having the shorter portion thereof rigidly
affixed to said collar such that the longer portion thereof extends
in a first direction parallel to said post, so as to be actuated by
said camming means;
c. a second L-shaped arm having the shorter portion thereof rigidly
affixed to said collar such that the longer portion thereof extends
in a second direction parallel to said post, so as to be
selectively actuated by said camming means; and
d. spring means of the over center type having two ends and being
attached at one end to said deflector and at the other end to said
collar, so as to cause said deflector to rotate very rapidly from
said first discrete position to said second discrete position when
said first L-shaped arm is actuated, and to cause said deflector to
rotate from said second discrete position to said first discrete
position when said second L-shaped arm is actuated.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to pop-up rotary sprinkler heads
which are gear driven and in which the main flow of water bypasses
the gear train. The sprinkler heads are fitted onto underground
water pipes, and, when not operating, the tops of the sprinkler
heads lie flush with the ground. The heads return to this position
from the popped up position automatically when the water supply is
discontinued.
It is desirable, in designing sprinklers of this type, to allow for
adjustment of the arc of water coverage by operators in the field
because it is impossible to anticipate all the situations which may
arise by providing one permanent setting at the factory. Also, it
is highly desirable that a sprinkler of the indicated type be
provided which will allow an operator to change the sprinkler
coverage adjustment while the sprinkler is inoperative, i.e., while
it is not rotating and spraying.
A second problem involved with field adjustment of the coverage is
that of precision. Although there are prior art devices which allow
a field operator to adjust the coverage, generally these prior
devices do not enable the operator to make a truly precise
adjustment. For example, when an operator is surveying a field
which is receiving improper coverage, it is relatively easy for him
to approximate by eye the angle by which the spray arc should
either be increased or deceased. But if the adjustment itself does
not allow him to use this information, but instead forces the
operator to depend entirely on "feel" when manipulating an
unprecise adjustment mechanism, it becomes very difficult to obtain
the exact correction needed. And when the operator is getting
doused all the while he is attempting to adjust the sprinkler, as
is the case with some prior devices, the problem is aggravated
still more.
It is well known in the art to which this invention relates that
the supply water from which the rotary power is derived is often
full of dirt and other forms of debris. While it is relatively easy
to keep the nozzle clean and the main stream unimpeded, it is a
much more difficult task to ensure that the water which is diverted
from the main flow into the transmission means does not bring into
the gear train a sufficient amount of debris to stop the sprinkler
from functioning properly. It therefore follows that the
probability of the transmission means remaining unclogged decreases
in direct proportion to the amount of water diverted thereto from
the main flow.
Another problem encountered in the prior art relates to the ease
with which vandals may change the sprinkler adjustment by tampering
with it. This is a particularly important problem when viewed in
light of the fact that a typical playground might employ several
hundred of the sprinklers of the type under consideration. An
operator simply does nto have time to be constantly adjusting many
of the sprinklers of which he has charge. Thus it can be seen that
prior art sprinklers which allow the arc adjustment to be made by
the mere insertion of, for example, a finger or a common
screwdriver, are particularly susceptible to such time-wasting
vandalism.
Still further problems are involved in the design of the
transmission means, and in particular, in the design of the actual
drive mechanism whereby the momentum of the water is converted to
rotary motion by spraying a concentrated stream, or jet, of water
onto a bladed impeller. It has been observed that some prior art
devices have their effectiveness reduced because prior design
considerations result in water velocity being lost by requiring
that the impeller be placed a substantial distance from the source
of the water jet. The prior art affords examples of another type of
design failure which can be equally undesirable. Impellers are
often made in the form of bladed "propellers" having a very few,
widely spaced, flat blades of considerable length. It happens with
such an arrangement that there can occur a "neutral" position of
the impeller when water pressure is initially supplied to the
sprinkler, such that the impeller does not turn in either
direction. This comes of the water jet striking the impeller so
that the vector forces in the two rotational directions are
balanced. A neutral, or non-rotating, situation then obtains, which
an operator must expend time correcting.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is the purpose of the present rotary sprinkler head to eliminate
the difficulties set out above in such ways as will be apparent
upon achievement of an understanding of the physical structure of
the preferred embodiment.
A nozzle housing assembly, which includes a nozzle housing and a
dependent hollow shaft, is slidably retained within a basically
cylindrical outer body. The dependent hollow shaft is provided with
a longitudinal rib which engages a keyway in the transmission means
when the shaft is inserted in a hole provided therein. The shaft is
supplied with water under pressure through engagement with a
standard pipe.
The transmission means are disposed about the shaft such that any
rotary motion imparted to the transmission means will necessarily
be imparted also to the shaft and to the nozzle housing assembly,
because of the engagement of the shaft rib with the keyway in the
transmission means. The transmission means comprise in part a post
and deflector arrangement which is used to direct a jet of water at
an impeller gear. The impeller gear drives the remaining gears of a
gear train, and thereby imparts rotation to a drive gear. The drive
gear engages gear teeth in a stationary member of the device, and
thus causes the nozzle housing assembly to revolve in the body
about a vertical axis.
Reversal means are also provided as part of the transmission means.
The reversal means comprise principally the post and deflector
arrangement, switching means, and cam means, all of which will be
explained in greater detail. The post and reflector arrangement
comprises a vertical, cylindrical post through which water is
diverted from the main flow and about which post the deflector may
be partially rotated. The deflector abuts the post, and it may be
switched selectively between two discrete positions in response to
the cam means.
The cam means are comprised in part of two discrete cams, one
positioned for insertion with a first L-shaped arm attached rigidly
to the switching means; and the other one positioned for
interaction with a second L-shaped arm also attached rigidly to the
switching means. When the sprinkler head is operating, the first
L-shaped arm will eventually be brought by the rotation of the head
into abutment with the first cam, causing the deflector to switch
to its second position, which in turn causes the sprinkler to begin
rotating in the opposite direction. The second L-shaped arm will
after a short time be brought into abutment with the second cam,
causing the deflector to switch to its original position, which
causes the sprinkler to reverse itself to again rotate in original
direction. The sequence repeats itself as long as the water is
supplied to the sprinkler. However, it is also possible to achieve
360.degree. coverage in a manner which will be described.
Arc adjustment means are also contemplated by the present
invention. An adjustment ring is provided which is supported on the
inner periphery of the body, below the nozzle housing, which ring
is provided with scalloped serrations on its outer edge for detent
interaction with detent lugs situated suitably on the inside of the
body. The angular position between each detent position is
precisely a selected angle, exactly four degrees in the preferred
embodiment. The first cam, mentioned above, is disposed on the
under surface of the ring.
The inside surface of the adjustment ring is provided with gear
teeth. These teeth may selectively interact with teeth provided on
a spring-loaded plunger --disposed in the nozzle housing-- when the
plunger is actuated with a specially provided wrench. Once the
respective sets of teeth are engaged, the adjustment ring may be
rotated with respect to the body by turning the plunger with the
wrench. When the ring is rotated in this manner the angle between
the two cams is changed. It is this angle between cams which is
determinative of the arc of coverage of the sprinkler head, as may
be ascertained more clearly by reference to the following detailed
description. Also, as suggested above, the sprinkler head may be
adjusted to obtain 360 degree coverage by removing the second cam
from the arcuate path of traverse of the second L-shaped arm of the
switching means.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various novel attributes of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention may be more clearly understood if the detailed
description is read in conjunction with an examination of the
attached drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away, sectional elevation of the rotary
sprinkler head in popped-up position;
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of portions of the
transmission and cam means;
FIG. 3 is also an exploded perspective showing the transmission
means, other portions of the cam means, and portions of the nozzle
structure;
FIG. 4 is a sectional plan view of the novel drive means of the
present invention in one of its two discrete positions;
FIG. 5 is a sectional plan view of the novel drive means in the
other of its two discrete positions;
FIG. 6 is a sectional elevation of the shaft and the post, taken
along line 6--6 of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a sectional elevation detailing elements of the arc
adjustment means, taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 1; and
FIG. 8 is a sectional elevation taken along lines 8--8 of FIG. 1,
depicting the drive means and switching means of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a rotary sprinkler head 10 shown in
the popped up, or elevated, position. A generally cylindrical body
12, preferably formed of plastic, is provided with threads at 14
which are suitable to engage the coacting threads of a pipe adapter
16. The pipe adapter 16 is shown threadedly connected at 18 to a
vertical water pipe 20 from which water may be supplied to the
sprinkler head 10 under pressure. Shown at 21 is a sealing
gasket.
Interior to the body 12 are transmission means 22. The transmission
means 22 are rotatably disposed within an aperture 24 formed by the
mutual interconnection of upper and lower transmission covers 26
and 28, respectively. The upper transmission cover 26 is of a
generally hollow cylindrical shape; while the lower transmission
cover 28 is of a generally upward-opening cup-like shape. The two
transmission covers are held together by means of a friction fit
(seen best in FIG. 7) wherein lugs 27 formed integrally with the
upper transmission cover 26 engage suitable receptacles on the
lower transmission cover 28, so as to provide a water tight fit.
The manner in which the transmission means 22 are retained within
the transmission covers will become apparent from the description
below. The lower transmission cover 28 is secured against rotation
with respect to the body 12 by the engagement of a lug 29 on the
lower transmission cover 28 with a suitable keyway 31 on the inner
surface of the body 12. A vertical cylindrical through-aperture 30
in communication with a keyway 33 (best FIGS. 2 and 7) is provided
in the transmission means 22 and upper and lower transmission
covers 26 and 28 suitable to slidably receive a generally
cylindrical, hollow shaft 32 which has an integrally formed rib 54
disposed longitudinally thereof suitable to slidably engage the
keyway 33. The shaft 32 is preferably formed integrally with and
dependent from the bottom of a nozzle housing assembly 34, of which
it comprises one of the elements.
The shaft 32 is disposed within the aperture 30 such that the lower
end 36 thereof depends below the bottom of the lower transmission
cover 28. A cylindrical bushing 25 is disposed about the shaft 32
within the opening 30 through the lower transmission cover 28. A
flow tube 38 is attached to the bottom end 36 of the shaft 32, and
the flow tube 38 slidably engages the bottom of the body 12 through
a circular hole at 40 therein. The shaft 32 is attached to the flow
tube 38 by a press fit. Sealing about the shaft 32 is accomplished
as with O-rings 42 and 42a. Sealing about the hole 40 is
accomplished through the abutment of a circular ridge 43 with a
gasket 43a.
The nozzle housing assembly 34 will now be described, with
reference primarily to FIG. 1. The nozzle housing assembly 34
comprises the shaft 32 and a generally cylindrical nozzle housing
44 with such internal supporting structure as is necessary to
retain the elements to be described. The periphery of the bottom
surface of the housing 44 is beveled as at 45 so as to rotatably
seat on a corresponding beveled lip of the upper transmission
housing 26. A sand seal 47 is provided around this beveled lip.
When water is supplied to the sprinkler head 10, the nozzle housing
assembly 44, the shaft 32, the transmission means 22, the upper and
lower transmission covers 26 and 28, and the flow tube 38, while
maintaining their mutual spatial relationships, all pop up from
ground level to the position shown in FIG. 1. The flow tube 38 is
of such length that the integrity of the water flow from the pipe
20 is maintained even in this elevated, or popped up, position.
A nozzle 46 is releasably retained in the housing 44 so that the
internal passage thereof is in fluid communication with the
internal passage of the shaft 32. The nozzle 46 is secured in
position with any convenient means as are known in the art, such as
screws (not shown), and sealing is accomplished by utilizing an
O-ring 48.
The nozzle 46 is also provided with a venturi structure as shown at
50 in FIG. 3. Water flows up through passage 30, enters the venturi
at 51 and flows past the constriction 53 and through the nozzle 46.
The tube 52 is in fluid communication with the interior 24 of the
transmission housing by way of the vertical rib 54 having an
internal tubular passage 56 in communication with the tube 52. The
rib 54 is fixedly mounted on the outer periphery of the shaft 32,
as discussed previously. The rib 54 and its internal passage 56 may
be seen in cross-section in FIGS. 7 and 8. The venturi thus causes
a suction to be created in the tube 52 to remove water from the
interior of the transmission housing.
Also retained in the housing 44 are elements of arc adjusting means
58, which in the preferred embodiment comprise a reciprocable
plunger 60 biased upward by a compression spring 62. Gear teeth 64
are provided on the lower portion of the plunger 60 for selective
engagement with the teeth 66 on an adjustment ring 68 to be
described below. The plunger 60 may be depressed and turned about
its longitudinal axis with the aid of a special wrench (not shown)
which may be applied to the top surface 70 of the plunger 60.
The nozzle housing assembly 34 also comprises a freely rotatable
top 72 which abuts the top cylindrical surface of the housing 44. A
set screw 74 selectively engages circular groove 76 in dependent
lug 78 of the top 72 so as to releasably retain the top element 72
in a freely rotatable manner. A protective cap 80 rests on the top
element 72. An annular flange 81 is removably disposed flush with
the top of the body 12 (and the cap 80 when the sprinkler is in the
unelevated position) so as to protect the sprinkler 10 against the
incursion of debris from the surrounding soil. The flange 81 is
held in place by any convenient means. A flange cap 83, formed of
more flexible material, is provided to further ensure the continued
cleanliness of the sprinkler head 10.
The details of the transmission means 22 will now be discussed. The
transmission means 22 are comprised of top and bottom frame members
82 and 84, respectively, which are rigidly connected so as to
support below-described drive means 85, gear means 86, and reversal
means 87.
The drive means 85 are comprised principally of the following
elements. A hollow vertical post 88 is rigidly affixed between the
upper and lower frame members 84 and 85 such that an inner passage
89 of the post 88 is in fluid communication with a passage 90
through the lower frame member 84. The passage 90 at its other
terminus (on the inner surface 92 of the lower frame member 84--see
FIG. 6) is in fluid communication with the inner passage of the
shaft 32 through an opening 94. A filter not shown, is provided
inside the shaft 32. O-rings 96 may be used to provide an effective
seal.
Although the main flow of water in the rotary sprinkler head 10 is
through the shaft 32 and the nozzle 46, a small amount of this flow
is diverted into the interconnecting passages 90 and 89 because of
the pressure under which the water is provided. Referring to FIG.
5, a circular hole 98 in the side of the post 88 opens in the
general direction of an impeller gear 100 of gear means 86. The
impeller gear comprises, in the preferred embodiment, a spur gear
100 having a substantial number of short, closely spaced teeth. It
is contemplated that the number of teeth should be significantly
greater than four; in the preferred embodiment approximately 20
teeth are provided. It is further contemplated that the diameter of
the root circle of the spur gear 100 be much greater than the depth
of the individual teeth. (The root circle is the circle along which
the bases of the teeth lie.)
Interposed between the impeller gear 100 and the post 88 is a
deflector 102 having two circular holes 104 and 106 therethrough
that may be selectively brought into communication with the hole 98
in the post 88. The deflector 102 and the post 88 are mutually
slidably engaged so that the deflector 102 may be rotated about the
vertical longitudinal axis of the post 88, thus accomplishing the
selective communication of the hole 98 with the respective holes
104 and 106. The holes 104 and 106 have a common opening 108 and
are so formed as to provide a precisely focused stream, or jet, of
water. They are aligned so that water flowing out the hole 104 when
it is aligned with the hole 98 will cause the impeller gear 100 to
rotate in a clockwise direction (as pictured in FIG. 5); and water
flowing out the hole 106 when it is aligned with the hole 98 will
cause the impeller gear 100 to rotate in a counterclockwise
direction (as shown in FIG. 4).
The reasons for the above-described configuration of the impeller
gear 100 may now be explained. The spur gear 100 is of course
rotated in the well known manner whereby a water jet imparts a
continual series of moments by impinging on the operative surfaces
of the individual teeth, the operative surfaces being here defined
as the sides of the teeth that would mesh with other gear teeth
were the spur gear 100 to be engaged directly with another gear. It
is one purpose of the present invention to ensure that in a
sprinkler head of the type under consideration the impeller gear
100 never assumes a neutral position. Provision of a spur gear 100
with the particular configuration described accomplishes this
objective by ensuring that whenever the water jet impinges on the
operative surfaces of the teeth of the spur gear 100 a moment
sufficient to rotate the spur gear 100 is thereby created. By
providing that the spur gear 100 has a substantial number of short,
closely spaced teeth it is possible to place the spur gear 100
sufficiently close to the deflector 102 that the water jet will not
traverse a distance sufficient to lose more than a negligible
proportion of its velocity and focus. The optimum energy transfer
between the water jet and the impeller gear 100 is thereby
effected.
The rotation of the impeller gear 100 is imparted to the reduction
gear means 86, which is comprised of a gear train, which gear train
terminates in the drive gear 109. The drive gear 109 is at all
times disposed in engaging contact with gear teeth 128 which are
provided around the entire inner periphery of the lower
transmission cover 28. Because of the engagement of the rib 54 with
the keyway 33 in the transmission means 22, the rotary motion
generated by the water striking the impeller gear 100 causes the
transmission means 22 and the nozzle housing assembly 34 to rotate
about a vertical axis longitudinal of the body 12. The body 12 and
the upper and lower transmission covers 26 and 28 do not rotate,
however, because of the engagement of the lug 29 and the keyway 31.
The overall gear reduction from rotation of impeller gear 100 to
rotation of the nozzle assembly is about 3,600:1 in the preferred
embodiment.
The reversal means 87 will be described at this time. As discussed
previously, the deflector 102 may be rotated about the
circumference of the post 88 between two discrete positions by
switching means 110 comprising, in the preferred embodiment,
overcenter spring means of the the well-known type. Referring to
FIGS. 2, 3 and 8, one end 112 of the spring means 110 is attached
to the deflector 102. The other end 114 is attached to a collar 116
about an upper portion of the post 88 and which may be selectively
rotated about an axis collinear with that of the post 88. L-shaped
arms 118 and 120 are rigidly affixed to the collar 116 such that
the short portions of the arms are horizontal and the long portions
of the arms are vertical. The vertical member 118a of the arm 118
extends somewhat above the top of the top frame member 82.
Contrariwise, the vertical member 120a of the arm 120 extends in a
downward pointing manner to the approximate level of the bottom
frame member 84. The selective abutment of the members 118a and
120a with cam means, to be described below, results in the
deflector 102 being selectively rotated about the post 88 so as to
bring one or the other of the holes 104 and 106 into alignment with
the hole 98, the over-center spring causing the deflector to snap
from one position to the other.
Shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is the adjustment ring 68, which has a
dependent cam 130 on its underside disposed so as intermittently to
abut the member 118a when the transmission 22 is operating.
Rotation of the transmission means 22 will cause the member 118a to
trigger the spring means 110, thus causing the deflector 102 to
move from the position shown in FIG. 4 to that of FIG. 5.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the reversal means additionally includes
another cam in the form of a screw 132, threadedly engaged in the
bottom of the lower transmission cover 28. The screw 132 is
disposed so as to abut intermittently the member 120a when the
transmission has rotated a suitable arcuate distance from the cam
130 of the ring 68. With the member 118a in the position shown in
FIG. 3, the transmission 22 will rotate in a clockwise direction
until the member 120a abuts the screw 132. The rotational force
will cause the spring means 110 to trigger the deflector 102 --this
time in the opposite direction.
The adjustment ring 68 is supported by lugs 122 spaced around the
inner periphery of the upper transmission cover 26. The
circumference of the ring 68 is provided with scalloped serrations
124 suitable to engage triangular detent bearings 126 which are
provided at intervals around the inner periphery of the upper
transmission cover 26. The angular difference between each
succeeding detent position of the ring 68 is precisely known, and
is equal to four degrees in the preferred embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 7, the ring 68 also has, on its inner surface,
gear teeth 128 suitable to engage the teeth 64 provided on the
above-mentioned plunger 60 when the plunger 60 is depressed by an
operator. The detent action of detent bearings 126 in serrations
124 is sufficiently firm that the ring 68 will be releasably
retained in each detent position firmly enough that rotation to the
next detent position is readily perceptible.
Portions of the arc adjusting means 58 were discussed earlier in
conjunction with the nozzle housing 44. The remaining elements of
the means 58 will now be described. The teeth 64 on the bottom of
the plunger 60 will be brought into engagement with the teeth on
the ring 68 when the plunger 60 is depressed. The same wrench (not
shown) used to depress the plunger 60 may then be used to rotate it
about its longitudinal axis. This causes the ring 68 to rotate with
respect to the upper transmission cover 26, one detent stop at a
time. The sprinkler head 10 need not be operating at the time the
arc adjustment is made. This should be apparent if the interaction
of the cam 130 with the member 118a is considered. Each detent
"click" indicates a four degree change in arc. Thus, for example,
by referring to FIG. 2 it can be seen that turning the ring 68 in a
counterclockwise direction will allow the sprinkler to spray a
wider arc, as the cam will not trigger the deflector 102 until a
greater angle from the screw 132 has been traversed.
The operation of the sprinkler head 10 will be described. An
operator first supplies water to the sprinkler head 10 via the pipe
20. The water pressure immediately causes the nozzle housing 44 to
pop up to spraying position (as shown in FIG. 1) along with the
transmission means 22 and it s associated mechanical assemblies. A
small portion of the water flowing into the sprinkler head 10 is
diverted by the opening 94 in the shaft 32 into the transmission
means 22, where it is sprayed in the form of a water jet against
the spur gear 100.
The rotary motion thus imparted to the spur gear 100 results in the
rotation of the drive gear 109. The interaction of the drive gear
109 with the teeth 126 on the lower transmission cover 28 causes
the rotation of the entire gear train 86 about the longitudinal
axis of the shaft 32 since the lower transmission cover 28 is held
stationary. The shaft 32 and the housing 44 are also rotated due to
the engagement of the rib 54 in the keyway 33 of the top and bottom
transmission frame members 82 and 84. The nozzle 46 will thus
rotate in a first direction until one of the L-shaped arms, say
118, is actuated by the cam 130. This will cause reversal means to
switch, resulting in the rotation of the nozzle 46 in a second
direction until the L-shaped arm 120 is actuated by the screw cam
132, at which time the direction of rotation will again be
reversed.
Now assume, for example, that an operator, on observing the
sprinkler head 10 spraying a given sector of lawn, estimates that
complete coverage of the sector dictates a change in the spray arc
of about 40.degree.. To effect the adjustment, the operator first
turns off the water to the sprinkler. He then removes the top 72
and cap 80 after loosening the set screw 74. Next he engages the
plunger 60 with a specially provided wrench. The plunger 60 is
depressed and rotated against the gear teeth 128 of the adjustment
ring 68 until 10 detent clicks have been perceived. Rotating the
ring 68 causes the dependent cam 130 to be moved such that its
angular relation to the screw cam 132 is altered. This angular
relationship is determinative of the arc of coverage. The ten
detent clicks provide 10 .times. 4 equals 40.degree. change in
spray arc.
The preferred embodiment of the sprinkler head 10 may also be
adjusted to provide 360.degree. coverage. This is accomplished by
backing off the screw 132 enough that the L-shaped arm 120 will
never contact it as the nozzle 46 is rotating. The nozzle 46 will
thus be rotated continuously in the same direction.
* * * * *