U.S. patent number 3,785,492 [Application Number 05/122,488] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for method and apparatus for the preparation of beverages.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Industrie A. Zanuissi S.p.A.. Invention is credited to Lamberto Mazza.
United States Patent |
3,785,492 |
Mazza |
January 15, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF BEVERAGES
Abstract
An automatic machine, also for household use, which is adapted
to the automatic preparation of imitation mineral waters. The
machine essentially comprises a desalting device, a mineralizing
unit which introduces in the desalted (also distilled) water a
dosage unit of selected mineral salts, a carbonation device for
saturating the remineralized water with carbon dioxide and a
programming unit for selecting both the quantity and the quality of
mineral (or demineralized) water. A programming timer defines the
sequence of the several steps directed to prepare the mineral water
according to desire. Fractional crystallization of ice is a
preferred procedure.
Inventors: |
Mazza; Lamberto (Pordenone,
IT) |
Assignee: |
Industrie A. Zanuissi S.p.A.
(Pordenone, IT)
|
Family
ID: |
27273208 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/122,488 |
Filed: |
March 9, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Mar 9, 1970 [IT] |
|
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21657/70 |
Aug 29, 1970 [IT] |
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29155/70 |
Oct 14, 1970 [IT] |
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30991/70 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
210/149;
210/251 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B67D
1/0406 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B67D
1/04 (20060101); B67D 1/00 (20060101); B01d
009/00 (); B01d 003/42 () |
Field of
Search: |
;99/79
;210/59,64,71,152,251,149 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Spear, Jr.; Frank A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Holman & Stern
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An automatic machine for household use for the preparation of
artificial mineral waters, comprising means for demineralizing
water introduced into the machine from a water main, further means
introducing into the demineralized water the ion characteristic of
the water to be prepared thereby mineralizing the water, control
means for automation of the machine, programming and selecting
means operative to prepare selectively artificial mineral waters of
different compositions, said demineralizing means consisting of
means for the fractional crystallization of the introduced water
and means for originating a continuous relative motion between said
crystallization means and the water, in order to obtain the
deposition, on said crystallization means, of crystals of
demineralized water.
2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said
means for originating a continuous relative motion consists of an
impeller driven to rotation during the time in which said
crystallization means are operative.
3. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said
crystallization means consist of the evaporation circuit of a
conventional refrigerating device, and means to invert the
refrigerating circuit of said refrigerating device on completion of
the fractional crystallization step.
4. The machine according to claim 1, characterized by automatic
timing means for a plurality of stages of the cycle of the machine
and a selection device to control the actuation of said stages.
5. The machine according to claim 4, characterized by a device for
carbonating the mineralized water, said device and mineralizing
means being controlled by the selection device during said cycle,
in order to permit the dispensing of mineral waters of at least two
different compositions.
6. The machine according to claim 5, characterized by a device for
dispensing substantially demineralized water controlled by the
selection device.
7. The machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said
selection device is adapted to be manually shifted to at least one
of three positions, in a first position of said selection device
the machine being adapted to dispense carbonated mineral water, in
a second position the machine being adapted to dispense virtually
demineralized water.
8. The machine according to claim 4, characterized by a
conditioning device for the artificial mineral water, said
conditioning device being in parallel with said evaporation circuit
and being normally inactive, the automatic timing means being
adapted to actuate said conditioning device.
9. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the
feed of the mineralizing salts in dosage units or tablets, a
boxlike container is provided, which contains a certain unit dosage
batch or tablets of mineralizing salts, said container comprising a
shell seated in a correspondingly shaped chamber of the machine, a
discharge port adapted to come into registry with a dispensing duct
provided in the machine, rotatable means equipped with seats to
contain individual dosage units of mineralizing salts, said seats
being positioned in sequence and one at a time in registry with
said discharge port and means to bring said discharge port in free
communication with the seat which is in registry therewith.
10. The machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said
rotatable means is formed by a pin wheel and said dosage units are
preset in hollow spaces formed between two strips sealably united
together, each hollow space having a notch in correspondence with
the meridian top circumference, said pins of said pin wheel being
engaged by corresponding bores formed in the composite strip formed
by said two strips, said container having in addition a wedge
having its pointed end directed and axially aligned towards said
discharge port, the composite strip formed by said two strips being
caused to pass at an acute angle about said wedge, and said pin
wheel being keyed to an actuating arbor which is actuated in turn
by an electric motor controlled by the main timing programmer of
the machine.
11. The machine according to claim 10, characterized in that
switching means are provided, actuated by said pin wheel for
signalling that a complete revolution of said wheel is about to be
made.
12. The machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said
rotatable means is formed by a wheel whose peripheral surface has
hollow spaces for individual unit dosages of mineralization salts,
said hollow spaces being closed by an adjacent wall of the
container casing, with the exception in correspondence with said
discharge port, and said wheel being keyed to the shaft of an
electric actuation motor which is intermittently energized by the
main programming timer of the machine.
13. The machine according to claim 9, characterized in that said
rotatable means consists of a wheel, whose periphery has hollow
spaces for providing a seat for individual dosage units of
mineralizing salts, said hollow spaces being closed by a sealing
tape, adapted to be stripped before the corresponding hollow spaces
come into registry with said discharge port.
14. The machine according to claim 13, characterized in that, for
the rotation of said wheel, an actuating motor is provided, which
is adapted to drive a toothed wheel about which the sealing tape is
wrapped.
15. The machine according to claim 1, characterized by means for
obtaining the relative displacement of said crystallization means
relatively to a container for the introduced water, and collecting
means for collecting the material deposited on said crystallization
means on completion of the crystallization stage.
16. An automatic machine for household use for the preparation of
artificial mineral waters, comprising means for demineralizing
water introduced into the machine from a water main, further means
introducing into the demineralized water the ion characteristic of
the water to be prepared thereby mineralizing the water, control
means for automation of the machine, programming and selecting
means operative to prepare selectively artificial mineral waters of
different compositions, a boiler for evaporating the introduced
water, said boiler having a top, a feed duct at the top for
starting the condensation of steam, a refrigerating circuit
including a collecting vessel provided with cooling means, the
residual steam and condensates from the boiler being discharged
into the collecting vessel, the collecting vessel having means
controlling the level of the condensates and a thermostat
regulating the water temperature, a mineralizing vessel, a pump
transferring the demineralized water from the collecting vessel to
the mineralizing vessel, the mineralizing vessel being provided
with means mechanically stirring the water therein, means
introducing carbon dioxide therein, spray means for washing the
vessel, a dispenser for mineralizing salts, heating means, cooling
means, and outlet and dispensing means constituted by a discharge
pump.
17. The machine according to claim 16, characterized in that said
dispenser of mineralizing salts comprises a plurality of discrete
and selectable feeds for different salts.
18. The machine as claimed in claim 16 including a feed to the
boiler for the introduced water, a filter in the feed, and the feed
having a branch duct directly feeding the spray means.
19. The machine as claimed in claim 16 in which said boiler
includes a heating electric resistor and the cooling means is the
evaporative section of the refrigerating circuit including a
compressor and a condensor section.
20. The machine according to claim 19, characterized in that said
means for controlling the level of the condensates in said
collecting reservoir are connected so as to control the actuation
and deenergization of said electric heating resistor of said
boiler.
21. The machine according to claim 19, characterized in that said
thermostat for regulating the temperature of the water in said
vessel for collecting the condensates, controls the actuation and
de-energization of said heating resistor in said mineralizing
vessel and the degree of cooling of the condensates by means of
said refrigerating circuit.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the artificial preparation of mineral
water.
The invention also relates to an automatic apparatus, more
particularly of the household type, for the production of
artificial mineral waters intended for direct consumption in
families and communities.
The term artificial mineral waters is intended to connote in a
broad acception, drinkable waters to which the principal mineral
constituents of the waters known in nature are added so as
substantially to reproduce the chemical and physical composition
and the organoleptic properties thereof.
PRIOR ART
On account of the demand and the ever growing importance of mineral
waters, endeavours have not been overlooked in order artificially
to reproduce the naturally occurring mineral waters, but these
attempts gained success, both from the technical and the commercial
standpoints, only in connection with the manufacture of carbonated
waters and the so-called "table water powders." As far as
carbonated waters are concerned, devices have been constructed,
both for batchwise and continuous production, the former having
been more particularly introduced in the household use. In this
connection, the siphons for the so-called "soda water" can be
recalled. As regards, then, the "table water powders" they consist
of mixtures of salts which are readily soluble in water and are
generally marketed in pouches to be opened at the instant of
use.
In both the above cited cases, it is apparent that no artificial
mineral water has ever been produced, which had a composition
approaching, as far as practicable, that of the corresponding
naturally occurring mineral waters. In the case of the powders,
then, there is the shortcoming that the chemical composition of the
water as obtained upon admixture, cannot be controlled, inasmuch as
the actual salt concentration is closely related to the
specifications of the starting water, these latter being different
according to the place of origin and also time.
Considering now more particularly the patent literature:
1. The German Pat. No. 102 675 provides for adding carbon dioxide
to the water of the water main, which has been previously filtered
(by also removing the carbon dioxide which naturally occurs in the
water of the water main);
2. The German Pat. No. 67 924 relates to the preparation of
artificial mineral water and provides for the steps of dissolving
in the water the desired salts, boiling the salt solution to remove
the air contained in the water and aerating by means of carbon
dioxide;
3. The German Pat. No. 656 411 provides a device for the filtration
of water and its saturation with carbon dioxide;
4. The German Pat. No. 666 503 relates to the preparation of
radioactive mineral water, either warm or cold, of a number of
different compositions and with preselected mutual ratios for the
components, to emulate the naturally occurring mineral waters. The
dissolution is provided, in the usual tap water, of a tablet
containing the desired salts, or any other concentrated form of
salts, and the tap water can be previously heated, whereafter the
solution is activated;
5. The German Pat. No. 840 373 provides for the purification
(filtration) of the starting water to remove foreign matters and
air, and the subsequent carbonation with carbon dioxide;
6. The French Pat. No. 1 103 170 discloses the carbonation of tap
water with carbon dioxide.
In summation, then, the principal object of all the suggestions of
the prior art has been that of carrying out a carbonation of the
water and, in a particular case, rendering it radioactive: in no
case has it been attempted, or any success has been achieved, to
prepare an artificial mineral water proper in the sense as defined
above.
As to now, no apparatus exists for the instantaneous preparation of
mineral water, and this is presumably due to two main reasons: the
availability, at least in the country in which there is a wide
consumption, of natural mineral waters marketed in bottles, and the
difficulty of providing an apparatus for househole use, that is, a
machine which is functionally simple, not bulky and reasonably
cheap.
The failures experienced hitherto were probably due to the fact
that the problem had been faced only from the point of view of the
chemical composition of a mineral water, in an endeavour to
reproduce it exactly with artificial means, without taking into the
due account concurrent and collateral factors, such as, above all,
the temperature of the water at the source and the contents of
carbon dioxide, factors which have a bearing both on the
organoleptic properties and the composition of the mineral
water.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object of the present invention is, thus, to provide a method
and an automatic machine, more particularly of the household type,
but obviously capable of being dimensionally adapted also to the
community use, for the production of artificial mineral water.
Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic
apparatus, more particularly of the household type, which is
adapted to be programmed for producing artificial mineral waters
which substantially correspond to different kinds of natural
mineral waters.
Another object of the invention is to provide an automatic
apparatus, more particularly of the household type, which is
adapted to be utilized for fulfilling both from the qualitative and
quantitative standpoints, the ever growing demand of mineral
waters, enabling the consumer directly and independently to prepare
artificial mineral waters, at his own choice and will.
A particular object of the present invention is to provide an
apparatus of the kind described above, in which the
demineralization of the starting water is obtained in a simple
functional manner which involves but a comparatively low power
consumption.
The method according to the present invention provides, starting
from raw water, the steps of sterilizing said water, stripping the
water from particles in suspension and foreign matters,
demineralizing the water consistently with the composition one
desires to obtain for the water, introducing the desired chemical
components so as to obtain the ionic composition of the natural
mineral water to be reproduced, introducing carbon dioxide and
conditioning to the desired temperature, more particularly the
temperature which obtains at the source.
Of course, the method disclosed above in the most general one, but
it is also obvious that the importance of the steps enumerated
above is closely bound not only to the characteristics of the
mineral water to be reproduced, but also to those of the starting
water. For example, if the starting water is, as it occurs in the
majority of the cases, drinking water drawn from the usual water
mains, it is clear that the sterilization step can be dispensed
with. When, conversely, the mineral water to be reproduced has a
composition which is particularly rich with salts, inasmuch as the
solubility of the latter is a function both of the carbonic acid
concentration and the temperature, and in a determining manner, it
is clear that the steps of introducing carbon dioxide and thermal
conditioning not only have an extermely great importance, but it
can be necessary to carry them out prior to introducing the
characteristic ions.
The present invention is also concerned with an apparatus more
particularly of household type, for the production of artificial
mineral waters, characterized by essentially comprising a
demineralization device, more particularly distillation, of the fed
in water, a mineralizing device for introducing in the distilled
water the characteristic ions of the natural water to be
reproduced, control means for the automation of the device, and
programming and selecting means for imparting to the apparatus the
capability of producing mineral waters having different
formulations.
Obviously, other component parts can be added to the apparatus
consistently with the kind of water used for feeding the apparatus
and the quality of the mineralized water to be obtained.
Different approaches for the practical embodiment of the operations
provided by the present invention will be now examined, by way of
illustrative example only and without limitation.
The sterilization step can be carried out, consistently with the
type of apparatus and the quantity of water to be sterilized, by
heating the water at a temperature which is adequate for this type
of operation. Another method, which can be applied, and in most
cases, is preferably from the point of view of the reduction to
practice, is the sterilization by introduction of chemicals. It is
obvious that, in such a case, one should duly consider the possible
influence of the added substance(s) on the organoleptic properties
of water. In the case of apparatus for the production of mineral
waters in which a considerable rate of flow of water per hour is
not required, it is possible to apply the sterilization technique
by irradiation, more particularly UV irradiation.
For purifying the water from particles in suspension and/or foreign
matter, conventional filtration can be resorted to (there are also
sterilizing filters) or, according to the nature of the particles
to be stripped, coagulation with flocculant chemicals or similar
sedimentation systems.
Demineralization is obviously as essential operation among those
provided by the method according to the invention.
As a matter of fact, the quality of the results achieved is a
function of the degree of demineralization. The degree of
demineralization to be obtained is a function, in turn, of the
composition of the mineral water to be obtained and of the starting
water as well.
Thus, the demineralization systems which are well known as
themselves and which are acceptable for the reduction of the
present invention to practice, comprise the use of combined
ion-exchange resins, both anionic and cationic, distillation,
electro-dialysis, thermo-osmosis, inverted osmosis or fractional
crystallization. Obviously, to select the individual method for
each case, not only the considerations developed above should be
borne in mind, but also the type of apparatus to be constructed
should be taken into account.
For introducing the ions which form the mineral water to be
prepared, it is possible, in the simplest instances, to resort to
tablets or capsules which contain the desired components as a dry
mixture or also, especially with reference to the oligomineral
waters, to concentrated solutions of salts.
For the introduction of carbon dioxide, a number of means known in
the art are available: among these, bottles of CO.sub.2 under
pressure can be cited, along with the introduction of CO.sub.2
-evolving chemicals, possibly included in the same tablets or
capsules as used for the mineralization. For conditioning the
water, several approaches are available, such as causing the water
to pass through heat exchangers, the use of heating resistors, the
use of refrigerating circuitries and so forth.
According to a preferred embodiment, the apparatus according to the
invention is characterized in that it comprises means for the
fractional crystallization of the fed in water and means for
originating a continuous relative motion between said
crystallization device and the fed in water so as to obtain the
deposition, on said crystallization device, of crystals of
virtually demineralized water.
In addition, the machine of household type according to the present
invention, as will appear as the present description proceeds,
provides for a mineralizing salt dispenser located at an
appropriate site and adapted to permit a periodical supply of these
salts, preferably fed in the form of tablets, capsules and the
like. An object of the present invention is to provide a boxlike
container of the replaceable type and containing a batch of dosage
units of mineralizing salts, characterized in that it comprises a
casing adapted to be seated in a correspondingly shaped chamber of
the machine, an outlet port adapted to match a dispensing duct
provided in the machine, rotatable means having seats adapted to
contain individual dosage units, in the form of tablets or tabloid,
of the mineralizing salts, said seatings being sequentially
brought, one at a time, to match said discharge port and means
adapted to establish a free communication between said outlet port
and the seating which is in registry therewith.
The features of the invention will become clearly apparent, in any
case, from the ensuing description, which is referred to the
accompanying drawings: these show, by way of example without
limitation, preferred embodiments of the device according to the
instant invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view from the outside of an automatic
machine for the preparation of artificial mineral water according
to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatical overall view of the component parts of
the apparatus according to FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is an overall wiring diagram of the programming and
selecting device of the machine of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatical overall view of an alternative
embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is a view similar to that of FIG. 1, relating to the
embodiment of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatical detail view of the seating chamber of
the machine and the boxlike container to seated therein.
FIG. 7 is a plan view, taken along the direction of the arrow F of
FIG. 6, of the container or box of the machine according to the
present invention.
FIG. 8 is a closeup detailed view, seen also in side elevation, of
the cartridge belt forming the seats for the unit dosages or
tablets of mineralizing salts.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of the cartridge belt of FIG. 8.
FIG. 10 is a detailed view which explains the operation of the
boxlike container according to the preceding Figures, and
FIGS. 11 and 12 are different views of the boxlike container for
the machine according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in the drawings, the apparatus according to the present
invention comprises an external container or cabinet of
parallelepipedal shape, 10, having a chamber 11 intended for
receiving a vessel (diagrammatically shown, by way of example, as a
jug 12 in FIG. 2) intended to receive the artificial mineral water
as prepared in the machine concerned. On the dashboard 13 of the
machine there are mounted the controls which, in the case in point,
comprise a programming selector 14, for the qualitative and
quantitative selection of the mineral water to be prepared. In the
example shown, the possibility has been foreseen of preparing four
types of mineral waters, as respectively indicated by the areas 15,
16, 17 and 18 of the programming device 14, each of these areas
carrying appropriate dials relating to the quantity of water which
can be prepared (for example 1 liter, 2 liters, 3 liters).
The selection of the area, and thus of the kind of water, and of
the dial mark (i.e., the quantity) is carried out by rotating the
knob 14 so as to have a pointer 20 to indicate the selected kind.
To the knob 14 corresponds, within the machine, a mechanism, for
example of the cam type such as used in the conventional
programmers for household appliances, which is electrically
controlled according to the diagram of FIG. 3. In addition, the
dashboard 13, a knob 21 is inserted for selecting the temperature
of the desired mineralized water. In addition, a main switch 22 is
provided for starting and stopping the machine by the agency of the
electric main. The operative condition of the machine is indicated
by an appropriate pilot lamp 23. Another pilot lamp 24 will
indicate the presence of a quantity of demineralized water which is
at least equal to the maximum amount which can be dispensed for
each type of water to be prepared. A switch 25 is provided for
controlling the possible carbonation with CO.sub.2 of the water to
be dispensed. A pilot lamp 26 indicates that the water to be
prepared is ready to be dispensed: the dispensing operation is
controlled by a pushbutton 27. Lastly, a pushbutton 28 is intended
for dispensing the washing water through the mixer, to be described
later. In the top portion of the machine 10, a door 29 closes a
chamber intended to receive the tablets of the salts to be added to
the water.
Considering now more particularly FIG. 2, a duct 30 is provided for
the connexion to the usual water main. On the duct 30, a filter 31
is mounted, which is adapted to strip the water from possible
particles in suspension and/or foreign matter. Downstream of the
filter 31, the water duct has a branching off 32, whose task will
be explained later, and a magnetic valve 33. The duct 30,
downstream of the magnetic valve 33, enters and evaporation boiler
34 having a heating resistor 35 and a level measuring and governing
device 36. The boiler 34 is so constructed as to be readily
disassembled to have access to its interior for periodical cleaning
operations. In the top portion of the boiler 34, the boiler is
connected to a condensation duct 37 which is terminated by a
foraminous extension 38 in the interior of a collecting reservoir
39. The latter is externally provided with a cooling coil 40 which
is a part of a refrigerating circuitry: the latter comprises, in
addition, a compressor 41 and a condenser 42. The reservoir 39 is
equipped, in addition, with a thermostat 43 and two level
regulators 44 and 45, the former for indicating the minimum level,
the latter for indicating the maximum level of the distilled water
in the reservoir 39, respectively. The level regulator 44 gives the
consent to the admixture for the required mineralization, whereas
the level regulator 45 controls the energization or the
de-energization of the resistor 35 (in the boiler 34) by the
electric main. The refrigerating circuitry, comprising the
evaporator 40, the compressor 41 and the condenser 42, is intended
to effect the condensation of steam as generated by the boiler 34,
the result being that the condensate is sufficiently demineralized,
in that it has been distilled. From the reservoir 39 the water is
fed, through a pump 46 and a magnetic valve 47, to a mineralizing
device 48, that is, a vessel in which the operation takes place of
introducing the characteristic ions of the artificial mineral water
to be prepared. The mineralizing device 48 has a stirrer 49
actuated by a motor 50, whose shaft 51 passes in a sealtight manner
through the bottom of the mineralizing vessel 48. Obviously, said
stirrer could also be of the magnetic type, sealtightness problems
being thus avoided. The mineralizing device 48 has also a heating
resistor 52 which is energized as the temperature of the
mineralized water to be dispensed is above the one at which the
distilled water is sent to the mineralizing device 48. In addition,
the latter has a cooling coil 53 which is branched off, with the
insertion of a magnetic valve 54, from the refrigerating circuitry
of the reservoir 39. The mineralizing vessel 48 is also equipped
with a temperature regulator 55 connected to the knob 21 (FIG. 1)
and with a dispenser 56 of the differential level type for
controlling the quantity of the mineralized water to be prepared.
To the bottom portion of the mineralizing device 48 a duct 57 is
connected, which is equipped with a magnetic valve 58 for
controllably feeding carbon dioxide from a bottle 59, when the
water to be dispensed is to be carbonated. In the top portion of
the mineralizing device 48 a shower 60 is mounted, which is fed
through a magnetic valve 61 by the duct 32. Through the shower 60
there is carried out, by controlling it manually with the aid of
the pushbutton 28 (FIG. 1) the feed of water for washing the
mineralizing device 48, for example when one selects on the
programming selector 14 a kind of mineral water which requires an
accurate cleaning of the mineralizing device 48 from any residue of
previously prepared waters. A further application is the
possibility of dispensing, through the shower 60, drinking water to
the mineralizing device 48 for the preparation of plain soda water.
For the mineralization of the metered quantity of water in the
vessel 48, a dispenser 62 is provided, which is adapted to dispense
the mineralizing salts in the most appropriate form, such as in the
form of tablets which are fed to the vessel 48 through a chute 63.
It is obvious that the dispenser 62 will be partitioned into a
number of chambers corresponding to the number of mineralized
waters intended to be prepared, the feed of each salt dosage unit
taking place under the control of an appropriate control 64, such
as an electromechanical or electromagnetic control.
As is known, water, to be easily digestible, requires a certain
amount of dissolved air so that, even if carbon dioxide is not
used, it should be noticed that such an aeration is warranted by
the stirrer 49 which provides to the admixture with the air
contained in the mineralizing vessel 48, which is not airtight. The
mineral water, as prepared artificially in the vessel 48, is drawn,
by a pump 65, through a duct 66 in which a magnetic valve 67 is
mounted. On the bottom of the chamber 11 a collecting tub 68 is
formed, to collect possible overflows, the tub being connected by a
duct 69 to a main sink. An overflow duct 70 for the reservoir 39
opens into the tub 68.
Having now reference to FIG. 3, the functional wiring diagram
collects all the control and regulation members which have already
been discussed and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In addition, the diagram
is completed by the electric connexions which render the operation
of the machine 10 completely automatic. As can be noticed, the
level regulator 36 energizes the relay 71 and shifts towards the
left the contacts 72 and 73, cutting off the feed through the
magnetic valve 33 and energizing the resistor 35 as the level
regulator 45 is closed, that which indicates that the water level
in the reservoir 39 is below the permissible maximum level. The
level regulator 44 ensures that the feed to the subsequent portion
of the circuitry may take place only if at least the minimum level
of distilled water has been reached in the vessel 39. The presence
of such a minimum amount of distilled water is visibly indicated by
the pilot lamp 24. The programming selector 14 has a set of cam
contacts 90 capable of setting the corresponding level indicators
56 and is obviously equipped also with a motor 74 to cause the cam
pack 90 to advance. The programming selector is not described in
detail inasmuch as has already been said, as it is of the
conventional type for household appliances. The contacts 75 and 76
are intended to close the energizing circuit for the motor 74,
simultaneously opening (through the relay 77 and the additional
contact 78) the feeding circuit for the pump 46, and to close the
feeding circuit for the subsequent mineralization and dispensing
devices. The relay 64 is the actuating device for introducing the
salts into the mineralization device 48 (see also FIG. 2) and is
servoed to the programming selector 14. The contact 79, servoed to
the thermostatic knob 21 (FIG. 1) is controlled to close as the
resistor 52 has brought the temperature of the water in the vessel
48 to the desired value. This temperature is established by the
thermostat 55 which is shown in FIG. 3 by a switch since it
actuates, in alternative, either the refrigerating circuit or the
heating element. Consequently, the relay 80 is energized, which
shifts the contacts 81 and 82 towards the left and the contact 83
downwards as viewed in the drawing. The contact 81, as it opens,
disconnects the motor 50 from the stirrer 49. The contact 82,
conversely, keeps the relay 80 alive to ensure the feed to the
subsequent circuitry also in the case when a temperature drop in
the mineralizing device 48 causes the contact 79 to open. The
contact 83 ensures the feed of the last portion of the circuit. The
last portion of the circuit comprises an additional delay relay 84
having its contacts 85 and 86, which has the task of energizing the
magnetic valve 58 (by closing the contact 85) and to cut off the
feed to the subsequent delivery circuit (by opening the contact
86). The delivery circuit comprises, as already pointed out, the
delivery pushbutton 27 which controls the pump 65 having the
attendant magnetic valve 67. The washing circuit, in turn,
comprises the pushbutton 28 to which the contacts 87 and 88 are
servoed, to ensure the simultaneous electric energization of the
pump 65 and the magnetic valves 61 and 67 so as to provide the feed
of washing water to the vessel 48 and the discharge of said water
through the duct 69 (FIG. 2). Let us consider now the alternative
embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in which equal parts have
retained the corresponding reference numerals as in the preceding
Figures.
The machine according to the invention comprises a usual
refrigerating installation having a compressor 190 (FIG. 4), a
condenser 91 and an evaporator 92 which is the crystallization
device proper. A duct 93, as controlled by a magnetic valve 94 is
in parallel with respect to the condenser 91. The evaporator 92 is
connected to the cooling installation by two flexible and
extensible hoses 95 an has a cross-tie 96 affixed to the ends of
the evaporation circuit. To the cross-tie 96 is pivoted an arm 97
of a linkage formed by a rocket 98, an arm 99 pivotally mounted on
the machine frame, and a third arm 100. The latter is pivoted, in
turn, to the periphery of a gear 101 meshing with a pinion 102
keyed to the shaft of a motor 103.
As will be seen hereinafter, an anticlockwise rotation through
90.degree. approximately of the gear 101 causes the linkage to lift
the evaporator 92 and to displace it towards the left until
reaching the position shown in dotted lines in the drawing.
The evaporator 92 is normally immersed in the feeding water as
collected in a container 104. A level regulator 36 controls the
closure of a magnetic valve 33 serially mounted in the drinkable
water feed main 30 so as to cut off the water flow as the
preselected level is attained in the container 104. The container
104 has a drain pipe 107 for emptying the container by opening a
magnetic valve 108, which can be actuated by the user of the
machine, for example by closing a conventional switch not shown in
the drawing. In addition, a motor 110 is adapted to actuate a
stirring impeller 110 which originates a continous renewal of the
water in contact with the evaporator 92, in order to allow the
deposit thereon of solid crystals of virtually demineralized water.
The machine also comprises an ice collector 111 over which the
evaporator 92 is positioned when the latter is shifted towards the
right by the gear 101. To the collector 11 there is affixed a
dispenser 112 of tablets intended, as will be seen hereinafter, to
mineralized the water as obtained by thawing the ice. To the
dispenser 112 a batch 113 of tablets is associated, and the opening
of a magnetic valve 114 deposits, in a manner known per se, one
tablet at a time on the bottom of the collector 111. The latter is
connected through a magnetic valve 115 to an outlet 116 of
demineralized water, which is actuated in the case of
de-energization of the valve 114, that is, when no tablet is
deposited in the collector 111. The latter is connected, through a
second magnetic valve 117, to a carbonator 118 in which, by means
of the opening of a magnetic valve 58, CO.sub.2 can be bubbled, as
coming from a reservoir or bottle 59. The actuation of the valve
115 prevents, as will be seen hereinafter, the actuation of the
magnetic valves 114, 117 and vice versa; whereas the valve 58, when
the valve 117 is opened, is adapted to be opened, or to be kept
closed, according to whether the user intends to get either
carbonated or plain water.
The water as contained in the carbonator 118 can be conditioned by
an evaporator 121 placed in parallel with the evaporator 92, after
that a magnetic valve 122 has closed the feed to the evaporator 92
and has opened the feed to the evaporator 121. From the carbonator
118 the mineralized water, either carbonated or non carbonated, can
emerge from a spout 123 after that a magnetic valve 124 has been
opened.
The machine is equipped with a timer 125 (FIG. 5) from which branch
off, in a manner known per se, the controls for the actuation of
the several magnetic valves (valve 33 being excepted, which is
controlled by the regulator 36 and the valve 108 being also
excluded, which can be actuated by the user), of the compressor 190
and the motor 109. Furthermore, the machine has a button 126 which
can be positioned by the user in any of three positions, A, B, C,
respectively, in order to obtain, as will be seen hereinafter,
carbonated mineral water, non carbonated mineral water, or merely
demineralized water.
The machine according to the invention operates as follows.
Assuming that the button 126 (FIG. 2) has been positioned at A,
after that the water has attained in the container 104 (FIG. 1) the
level as controlled by the regulator 36, the valve 33 is closed,
the timer 125 actuates the compressor 190 and starts the motor 109.
Thus the refrigerating installation enters action, and more
particularly the evaporator 92, whereas the impeller 110 maintains
in continuous motion the water in the vessel 104. Thus, layers of
pure crystals of virtually demineralized water begin to build up in
the evaporator 92. Upon the formation of a certain amount of ice,
that is after a preselected length of time, the timer 125 drives
the motor 103 to rotation and cuts off the feed to the motor 109.
The gear 101 slowly lifts the arm 100 together with the evaporator
92, allowing the ice to drip into the container 104. The ice is
thus stripped of the water film rich with mineral salts and which
has not yet been affected by the acrystallization run. The
subsequent rotation of the gear 101 shifts then the evaporator 92
and the ice thereon above the collector 111. At this stage, the
timer 125 stops the motor 103 and opens the valve 94 so as to
invert the refrigerating circuit. Thus, the ice begins to thaw from
the crystallization device 92 and drips in the collector 111. The
valve 94 is now closed and the ice completes its thawing in the
collector 111. After that the timer 125 has opened the valve 117,
the mineralized water passes into the carbonator 118. The opening
of the valve 58 causes the carbonation of the water, whereas the
actuation of the valve 122 actuates the evaporator 121 and thus
conditions the water. The latter, upon opening the valve 124, can
be collected at the outside of the machine to be utilized.
If, conversely, the button 126 (FIG. 2) has been positioned by the
user at B, the sequence of operations is as defined above, the only
exception being that the water is passed from the collector 11
(FIG. 1) to the carbonator 118 which is inactive since the valve 58
is not opened in this case.
If, finally, the button 126 (FIG. 2) has been positioned at C, the
demineralized water as obtained in the collector 111 (FIG. 1) is
channeled towards the dispenser 116, inasmuch as now the valve 115
is opened, whereas the valves 114 and 117 remain closed, a
virtually demineralized water being thus obtained. In summation,
the machine is capable of supplying three types of water, at the
user's choice.
It is apparent that it is up to the timer 125 to bring all the
devices of the machine back to the starting positions on completion
of a crystallization cycle. More particularly, the evaporator 92 is
immersed into the container 104 anew, whereas the refrigerating
circuit is reinstated in the cooling installation by closing the
valve 94. Also the valves 114, 122, 117 and 124 are brought back to
their starting positions if the button 126 (FIG. 2) had positioned
at B, in order to enable the machine to start a fresh cycle of
preparation of mineral water. If the button 126 had been positioned
at A, also the valve 58 is brought back to its starting position.
If the button 126 had conversely been positioned at C, the valves
118 and 122 are returned to their inactive positions.
Referring now to the FIGS. from 6 to 10, in the cabinet 10 of the
machine there is formed an upper chamber 211 having a lid 29 and
showing a dispensing duct 213 for the dosage of mineralizing salts.
The chamber 211 is shaped so as snugly to receive the boxlike
container 214 which will be described in more detail hereinafter.
From the bottom wall 215 of the chamber 211 an arbor 216 protrudes,
which is actuated by an electric motor 217, and having clutching
dogs 218 intended to mate corresponding grooves 219 (FIG. 7) of a
pin wheel 220, mounted for rotation in the interior of the boxlike
container 214. Through the bottom wall 215 of the chamber 211
protrudes also a pin 221, which is adapted to actuate, by the
agency of an actuator 225, a switch 222 whose function is to
energize, in turn, means (not shown) which indicate that the charge
of dosage units in the boxlike container 214 is coming to an end.
On a side of the chamber 211, lastly, there is a pin 223, urged by
a compression spring 224, having the function of resiliently
latching in position the boxlike container 214 within the chamber
211.
Considering now more particularly the boxlike container 214, it
comprises a shell 226, which as outlined above, is so shaped as to
be snugly housed in the chamber 211 of the machine shown in FIGS. 1
to 5, said shell having an outlet port 227 which, as the container
214 is positioned in the chamber 211, is in registry with the
discharge duct 213. In the interior of the container 226 there is
mounted for rotation the already mentioned pin wheel 220, whose
rotation is effected in the manner which has been described above,
and whose pins 228 engage corresponding bores 229 (FIGS. 8 and 9)
formed through a twin belt 230 formed by two strips 231 and 232
which, at regular intervals, provide hermetically sealed
compartments 233, each of which contains a dosage unit 234 (in the
example shown in the form of tablets) of the mineralizing salts.
The top arc of each compartment 233 has a notch 235, which is, in
practice, a weak point for opening the compartment 233, for the
reasons which will be explained later. As clearly seen in FIG. 7,
the belt 30, at a certain stage, leaves the periphery of the pin
wheel 220 and is compelled to pass in the direction of the arrows
237 about a wedge member 236 forming an acute angle in
correspondence with the pointed end of the wedge. As the base of a
compartment 233 comes in exact registry with the pointed end of the
wedge, the stress applied thereby as a consequence of the pull to
which the belt 230 is subjected causes the splitting of the
compartment formed by the upper strip 231 along the weak line 235,
thus feeding the corresponding tablet 234 (as best seen in FIG. 10)
which falls by gravity in the dispensing duct 213 through the
outlet port 227.
Of course, the actuation of the pin wheel 220 by the motor 217 will
be properly controlled by the main programming and controlling unit
of the machine.
Considering now FIG. 11, this shows an alternative embodiment in
which the pin wheel 220 of the previously described embodiment is
replaced by a wheel 320, housed for rotation in the casing 214 and
keyed to the arbor 216 of the actuation motor 217. Through the
peripheral surfaces of the wheel 320 there are formed appropriate
hollow spaces 321 which are intended to afford a seat to the
tablets 234 of the mineralization salts. The tablets 234 are
maintained in the seats 321 by the adjacent wall of the container
226 and are set free and dropped by gravity into the discharge port
227 as they come into registry therewith.
Lastly, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12, the wheel 420 has
peripheral hollow spaces 421 similar to the chambers 321 of the
embodiment of FIG. 11, but these chambers are hermetically sealed
by a strip 422, for example of a plastics material, sealed along
the peripheral edges of the wheel. Before a chamber 421 comes,
during the rotation of the wheel 420, into registry with the outlet
port 227, the strip 422 is torn out by a toothed wheel 423, as
actuated by an electric motor (not shown) thus exposing the
chambers 421 and allowing the mineralizing salt tablet 234 to be
dropped. In the case in point the toothed wheel serves also to
drive the wheel 420 to rotation, by the effect to the drag as
applied to the belt 422.
The invention has been described in connection with preferred
embodiments thereof, it being obvious, however, that a number of
modifications and changes which are ideally equivalent can be
introduced therein without departing from the scope of the
invention.
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