U.S. patent number 3,785,380 [Application Number 05/228,033] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for filtering blood sucker.
Invention is credited to Robert C. Brumfield.
United States Patent |
3,785,380 |
Brumfield |
January 15, 1974 |
FILTERING BLOOD SUCKER
Abstract
A blood sucker is connected to the suction side of a peristaltic
tube pump, evacuating blood lost by a patient at a surgical site.
The air evacuated through the blood sucker when in use can be
filtered through a first disposable micropore filter in the sucker,
prior to contacting the blood evacuated from the surgical site. The
patient blood, clean air and surgical debris are also filtered
through a sucker second disposable filter, whose pore apertures are
sized to remove the tissue debris from the blood flowing into the
sucker. Early removal of tissue debris from patient blood in the
blood sucker can slow the initiation of the blood clotting
mechanism. The filtered air can decrease the microscopic air
contaminants in the filtered blood, which can then be returned to
the patient's circulatory system. An integral plurality of
flexible, parallel array blood conductive tubing provide wall
stabilized, low turbulence blood flow from the sucker to a
cardiotomy reservoir or the like, prior to returning the blood to
the patient's circulation.
Inventors: |
Brumfield; Robert C. (Laguna
Beach, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22855477 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/228,033 |
Filed: |
February 22, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/119; 604/190;
422/44; 604/902 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61M
1/76 (20210501); A61M 1/79 (20210501); Y10S
604/902 (20130101); A61M 1/7411 (20210501); A61M
1/3627 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61M
1/00 (20060101); A61M 1/36 (20060101); A61m
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;23/258.5
;128/276-278,348,350 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Rosenbaum; Charles F.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Jones; J. L.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a blood sucker having a case forming a handpiece, said case
having an inlet, an evacuating tube and an air vent, the
improvement comprising:
an open pore plastic foam filter mat operatively disposed inside
said blood sucker case providing pores sized to pass particles less
than 100 micron average diameter, said filter mat compatible with
blood, said filter mat filtering all blood, air and surgical debris
passing into said blood sucker filter case, said filter mat
retaining said surgical debris, said blood and air exiting through
said filter mat through the sucker case exit conduit.
2. In a blood sucker having a case forming a handpiece, said case
having an inlet, an evacuating tube, an air vent, and an exit
conduit, the improvement combination comprising:
an open pore plastic foam filter means operatively disposed inside
said blood sucker case, said filter means compatible with blood;
and,
a support filter frame positioned inside said blood sucker case
providing a support structure for said filter;
said filter means and support filter frame combination adaptively
filtering the whole blood-air foam and surgical tissue debris
entering said blood sucker case, retaining said tissue debris in
said filter and passing said whole blood and air through the exit
conduit of said blood sucker case.
3. The combination with claim 2 wherein the further improvement
comprises:
a porous plastic foam sheet filter means having a porous foam
filter sleeve having one closed terminus and one open terminus;
and,
a support filter frame having a frame supportively positioned
inside said filter sleeve, said frame having one terminus closure
and an evacuation tube secured to said closure, providing a fluid
conductive aperture therein;
said open terminus of said filter sleeve adaptively secured
coaxially on said frame terminus closure and said evacuation tube
adaptively conductively secured to said blood sucker case exit
conduit of said sucker case closure.
4. In a blood sucker having a case forming a handpiece, said case
having an inlet, an evacuating tube, and an air vent, the
improvement combination comprising:
a support filter frame having a pair of oppositely disposed frame
plate support areas, said frame closely fitting in said blood
sucker case, said frame imperviously partitioning said pair of
frame plate support areas from each other;
a microporous filter sheet completely disposed over one of said
frame plate support areas having pores less than one micron average
diameter;
an open pore plastic foam sheet completely disposed over the second
of said pair of frame plate support areas, providing pores sized to
pass particles less than 100 micron average diameter;
said microporous filter sheet confronting the blood sucker case air
vent and spaced therefrom, providing a separate air reservoir in
said blood sucker case;
said plastic foam sheet confronting the blood sucker case
evacuation tube, providing a separate reservoir for blood, air and
surgical tissue debris in said blood sucker case; and,
a blood sucker case closure conductively sealing said blood sucker
case exit terminus, providing an exit conduit for the blood and air
filtered through said plastic foam sheet on evacuation of said
blood sucker case, retaining said surgical tissue debris in said
sucker case.
5. The combination of claim 4 wherein the further improvement
combination comprises:
a blood sucker case closure having at least two exit conduits
disposed thereon, each one of said conduits geometrically disposed
providing dominantly separate air and blood evacuation through a
separate conduit.
6. The combination of claim 4 wherein the further improvement
combination comprises:
a blood sucker case closure having three exit conduits disposed
thereon, one exit conduit sized and disposed to conduct
predominantly air, and a pair of exit conduits sized and disposed
to predominantly conduct laminar blood-air slug flow in exit
conduits.
7. The combination with claim 4 wherein the further improvement
comprises:
an open pore, sponge cartridge, having a blood impermeable sponge
surface and a pore size less than 1 micron, disposed in said air
exit conduit, providing a filtering air exit separating air from
the blood-air foam.
8. The combination with claim 4 wherein the further improvment
comprises:
an open pore polyurethane foam, having a blood compatible surface
disposed thereon.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is related to the following applications filed
earlier by the same sole inventor:
U.s. patent application, Ser. No. 175,182 for BLOOD OXYGENATOR AND
THERMOREGULATOR APPARATUS by Robert C. Brumfield, filed Aug. 26,
1971;
U.s. patent application, Ser. No. 196,458, for BLOOD OXYGENATOR
FLOW GUIDE, by Robert C. Brumfield, filed Nov. 11, 1971;
U.s. patent application, Ser. No. 202,779, for TWO-PHASE FLUID FLOW
GUIDE FOR BLOOD OXYGENATOR, By Robert C. Brumfield, filed Nov. 29,
1971; and
Docket No. 158 for LOW PRESSURE HEAT EXCHANGER FOR OXYGENATED
BLOOD, by Robert C. Brunfield, filed Jan. 10, 1972. Brumfield,
Docket No. 160 for CARDIOTOMY RESERVOIR, by Robert C. Brumfield,
filed Jan. 31, 1972.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The filtering blood sucker is classified in Class 23 Subclass
258.5. The blood sucker is useful in combination with a peristaltic
tube pump, evacuating blood lost by a patient at a surgical
site.
There can be substantial loss of patient blood during a surgical
procedure. A blood sucker is connected to the suction side of a
peristaltic tube pump and evacuates patient blood lost, for early
processing of the blood and its return to the patient's circulatory
system. Since the recovered blood can contain surgical tissue
debris, the blood can initiate the clotting mechanism. By removing
the tissue debris from the recovered blood as quickly as possible
by the filtering blood sucker, it is possible to decrease the risk
of clot formation in the patient, with a subsequent more favorable
patient prognosis.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The filtering blood sucker is connected to the suction side of a
peristaltic tube pump and evacuates blood lost in a body cavity by
a patient during a surgical operation. The blood sucker evacuates
air through its sucker vent as the blood sucker lies operatively
connected to the peristaltic pump, prior to its actual use on a
patient. The surgeon grips the blood sucker and applies a finger,
closing the air vent aperture and causing the sucker to evacuate
blood, air, surgical tissue debris and fluids from the surgical
site. The air evacuated through the sucker while operatively
connected, but not in surgical use, can be filtered through a
disposable microporous filter secured in the sucker, cleaning the
air. Thus the blood contamination from the air is greatly reduced.
The blood sucker positively contains a second disposable open pore
foam filter whose pore apertures are sized to remove tissue debris
from the blood flowing into the sucker. The pore apertures are
sized to remove the tissue debris, without removing the formed
elements of the blood and altering the homogeneity of the blood. In
the sucker the pair of filters, the micropore filter for air and
the second disposable foam filter for the patient's blood, are
physically separated. The air enters through the blood sucker air
vent and the three-phase mixture of blood, air, and tissue debris
enters through the surgical evacuating tube also on the suction
side of the blood sucker. Alternatively, the blood sucker can have
only a disposable open pore foam filter sleeve means for the
removal of surgical tissue debris from the evacuated three-phase
mixture of blood, air and tissue debris, omitting the microporous
air filter.
Other objects and advantages of this invention can be found in the
specification and drawings appended to this application.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the blood sucker of this
invention connected in combination with the suction side of the
peristaltic tube pump.
FIG. 2 is an elevational perspective partial sectional view of one
blood sucker modification incorporating an open pore foam filter
sleeve.
FIG. 3 is an elevational perspective view of a filter frame of this
invention useful in the blood sucker illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is an elevational perspective view of a filter sleeve useful
in the blood sucker illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates a further detail of the attachment of the filter
sleeve to the filter frame as shown in FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a perspective elevational view illustrating a single use
integral component of a blood sucker incorporating a microporous
air filter and an open pore foam blood filter of this
invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates in perspective elevational view an assembled
blood sucker of tbis invention incorporating the disposable blood
sucker insert of FIG. 6 of this invention.
FIG. 8 is a detailed view of the simple blood sucker case closure
for attaching and sealing a disposable blood sucker insert of FIG.
6 into the blood sucker product illustrated in FIG. 7.
FIGS. 9A and 9B illustrate the construction of the integral
plurality of blood sucker tubes, providing separation and removal
of air from the blood sucker.
THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the schematic view of FIG. 1 in detail, the blood
sucker 10 is shown connected by blood conductive tubing 11 to the
roller pump 12, which has a peristaltic pump suction side 13 and a
pump pressure side 14, as the pump rotates in a direction 15. The
suction side 16 of the blood sucker 10 accepts a three-phase flow
of blood, air and surgical tissue debris intake flowing through the
pump in the direction 17 and venting from the pump at 18 into a
cardiotomy reservoir, or the like. In operative procedure, the vent
19 on the blood sucker 10 is closed by an operator's finger to
produce evacuation through the sucker 10 in the direction 16.
Referring to FIG. 2 in detail, a blood sucker 20 of this invention
has a surgical evacuating tube 21 disposed on the suction side of
the sucker 20 and secured to a tubular plastic case 22. The screw
cap closure 23 closes the blood sucker 20. The air vent 24
penetrates the case 22 and is equivalent to the air vent 19 of
blood sucker 10. The pump evacuation tube 25 is equivalent to the
blood conductive tubing 11. Disposed internally in the tubular
plastic case 22 is the open pore foam filter sleeve 26 having a
closed filter terminus 27. The tubular case 22 has a closed case
terminus 28 to which the surgical evacuating tube 21 is attached. A
filter frame 29 supports the porous foam filter sleeve 26, the
filter frame 29 having a frame terminus closure 30. The porous foam
filter sleeve 26 covers the filter frame 29 and is secured to the
filter frame closure 30 by the wire clamp ring 32. The filter frame
exit conduit 31 provides a filter evacuation aperture 33 in the
frame closed end 30. The exit conduit 31 is secured in the exterior
evacuating means tube 25.
Further details of the filter frame 29 are illustrated in FIG. 3,
wherein the filter frame members 29 are shown to be connected by a
crossed set of frame members 34, and all are integral with the
filter frame closure 30. The filter frame exit conduit 31 is
integrally secured to the closed end 30, providing a filter
evacuating aperture 33. A securing groove 36 is provided around the
end 30.
The porous foam filter sleeve 26 is shown in detail in FIG. 4,
having a closed filter terminus 27 and an open filter sleeve
terminus 35. Further, in FIG. 5 is shown the details of the
conventional wire clamp ring 32 which is secured to the porous foam
filter terminus 35, securing the sleeve 26 in the groove 36 of the
closed terminus 30.
Referring to FIG. 6 in detail, the single use blood sucker tubular
insert unit 60 is shown to have triangular shape support sides 61
and 62 and a triangular central partition 63. A plurality of
supportive ribs 64 are secured across the members 61, 62 and 63,
providing a pair of oppositely disposed frame plate support areas
100 and 101. An evacuating aperture 65 forms one end of the unit 60
and a support bracket 66 forms the other insert end. On the top
surface of the blood sucker unit 60 is disposed a microporous
filter sheet 67 sealed on the frame plate support area 100 formed
on the pair of edges of the triangular sides 61 and 62. A porous
polyurethane foam filter sheet 68 is sealed on the frame plate
support area 101 formed on the pair of bottom edges of the
triangular shape support sides 61 and 62. The filter sheet 68 is
permeable to whole blood, and filters out surgical debris and the
like. The bracket 66 supports a bond 69 of the microporous filter
sheet 67 and the foam sheet filter 68, providing an impervious seal
through which blood does not flow.
Referring to FIG. 7 in detail, the tubular plastic case 70 encloses
the blood sucker insert unit 60, and has an evacuating closure 71
secured to the case 70. An air vent 72 is covered by the surgeon's
finger to place the complete blood sucker unit 73 in operation.
Prior to the use of the blood sucker unit 73, room air is sucked
through the air vent 72 by a peristaltic pump unit 12 or the like.
The air sucked into the blood sucker 73 through the vent 72 is
filtered through the microporous filter sheet 67, thus filtering
out bacterial, pollen and other types of airborne contaminants from
the remainder of the blood sucker unit 73. When the surgeon closes
the air vent 72 with a finger, and places the evacuation tube in
the patient's body cavity, the three-phase mixture of blood, air
and surgical tissue debris are evacuated through the tube 74 into
the blood reservoir 75 and thence into the filtered blood reservoir
76 where the filtered blood 77 and air 78 are removed through the
blood sucker case closure 71. In practice the inlet blood and
tissue reservoir 75 traps the surgical tissue debris, passing whole
blood through the foam sheet filter 68 into the filtered blood
reservoir 76. The blood sucker insert unit 60 is dimensioned to fit
snugly in the case 70, the bonded joint 69 contacts and
imperviously seals the case 70 at the case terminus 79, providing a
separate air reservoir 80 disposed above the microporous filter
sheet 67.
FIG. 8 illustrates in detail the seal and the mechanical securing
means provided by the sealing bead 81 disposed on the blood sucker
case closure 71. By simply inserting the blood sucker insert unit
60 into the case 70 and pushing in the closure 71, one can make an
hermetic and mechanical joint, sealing in the insert 60. A further
modification of the blood sucker unit 73 is provided by the fine
pore sponge cartridge 82 secured in the air aperture 83, through
which the air 78 exits through exit conduit 84. The polyurethane
sponge cartridge 82 is treated with a thin film of the silicone
composition which induces blood-air foam collapse. Thus, any
blood-air foam touching 82 is induced to collapse and air passes
through the polyurethane sponge. The silicone treated sponge
cartridge 82 will not readily pass whole blood, so the blood is
entrained in the pair of apertures 85 and 86 and exits through
conduits 87 and 88.
FIG. 9 illustrates an integral plurality of flexible, conductive
blood tubing which are useful in inducing laminar blood-air slug
flow in a roller peristaltic pump of the illustrated type 12. The
unit tube 90 is secured to the exit conduit 84 and vents most of
the air from the sucker 73. The pair of unit tubes 91 and 92 carry
exiting blood 77 in the blood-air slug flow from the sucker 73. The
tubes 91 and 92 are specifically diametrically sized to provide
laminar slug flow as taught in applicant's earlier teaching of U.S.
Ser. Nos. 175,182 and 196,458. The unit tubes 90, 91 and 92 are
integrally connected by the flat continuous rubber strips 93 and
94. Thus the three tubes can be disposed parallel and flat, as
shown by the fragmentary view of FIG. 9B, and placed in a
peristaltic roller pump for operational blood processing.
It is basic to the filtering blood sucker of this invention that a
porous filter structure is embodied which has pore structure sized
to filter the formed elements of whole blood, ranging up to 100
micron average particle diameter. The porous polyurethane foam
filter sheet 68 is sized to remove surgical tissue debris and the
like of larger particle size, retaining these large particles on
the reservoir 75 side of the foam filter sheet. In a further
modification of this invention an open pore foam filter permeable
to whole blood can be embodied in the case, to filter out the
surgical tissue debris which enters the blood sucker.
It is desirable to provide a simple frame structure of a low cost,
blood compatible plastic which can be suitably enclosed with a foam
filter sleeve, filter sheet or other similar structure for the
filtering of whole blood. The microporous filter paper typically
has pore structure of less than 1 micron, such as 0.5 microns, or
the like. The filter sheets, microporous or foam filter, can be
sealed to the filter frame structures by heat sealing, cementing or
the like. The porous polyurethane foam filter may be treated with a
well known silicone defoaming composition to provide a very thin
silicone film on the porous foam which will tend to collapse the
air-blood foam on contacting the filter. Thus the blood sucker
filtering unit can provide the first step in the defoaming of
filtered blood and air phases increasing the rate of blood
processing for rapid return to the patient's extra-corporeal
circulation.
Obviously many modifications and variations in the improvement in
the filtering blood sucker can be made in the light of the above
illustrations, embodiment and teaching. It is therefore understood
that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be
practiced otherwise than has been specifically described.
* * * * *