U.S. patent number 3,785,368 [Application Number 05/173,935] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for abnormal nerve pressure locus detector and method.
Invention is credited to Dale R. Lumb, Thomas M. McCarthy.
United States Patent |
3,785,368 |
McCarthy , et al. |
January 15, 1974 |
ABNORMAL NERVE PRESSURE LOCUS DETECTOR AND METHOD
Abstract
A system, device and method for readily detecting the locus of a
subluxated or pinched nerve along the spinal column and
particularly for identifying which particular pair of vertebrae are
pressing upon a pinched nerve has been disclosed so that a medical
person can relieve the pressure as by adjusting alignment of one of
the pair of vertebrae. A T-shaped scanning probe is employed to
explore along the regions directly over and also flanking the
spinal column while another probe is held tightly in the patient's
hand whereby a low voltage circuit can be provided which develops
fluctuations in a meter reading the current or voltage through the
circuit as the T-shaped probe is drawn along the back of the
patient. A method for detecting nerve root pressure subluxations of
the body of a patient in the regions of the spinal column in a
manner which identifies the locus of the subluxation comprises a
number of manipulative steps characterized by drawing the
cross-piece of the probe along the back of the patient while
directing the current in the circuit to emerge from the back of the
patient into the T-shaped probe.
Inventors: |
McCarthy; Thomas M. (Sunnyvale,
CA), Lumb; Dale R. (Santa Clara, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22634123 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/173,935 |
Filed: |
August 23, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
600/384 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61B
5/05 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61B
5/05 (20060101); A61b 005/05 () |
Field of
Search: |
;128/2A,2H,2N,2R,2.1E,2.1R,2.1Z |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kamm; William E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Flehr, Hohbach, Test, Albritton
& Herbert
Claims
We claim:
1. A system for detecting abnormal nerve pressure along the spinal
column characterized by a D.C. power supply having means for
supplying both a positive and negative D.C. polarity, an elongated
electrode element coupled to said means to be conditioned to a
predetermined one of said polarities and adapted to be pressed
against and wiped substantially in line contact with the skin of a
patient along a path adjacent and flanking the patient's spinal
column, the electrode element being adapted to contact the
patient's back and span the average distance between the
sympathetic ganglionic chain of nerves of the spinal column and the
midline of the spinal column and having an arcuate outer peripheral
surface means for providing a line contact with said skin, another
electrode adapted to be held in the hand of the patient and coupled
to the first said means to have a D.C. polarity opposite said
predetermined polarity for forming an electrical path via the
patient between the first and second named electrodes, and means
for detecting impedance changes in said electrical path while
wiping the first named electrode along the first named path for
indicating changes in specific sweat gland activity of the patient
along said first named path.
2. A system according to claim 1 further including means serving to
establish said polarites to provide D.C. current flow from the
hand-held electrode via the body of the patient and from the body
to the first named electrode.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein the first named electrode
comprises a T-shaped member having a stem portion and wherein said
element comprises the cross-piece of the T-shaped member, said
cross-piece being adapted for engaging the skin of a patient, said
cross-piece forming a line contact with said skin notwithstanding
varying angular orientations of the stem portion of the T-member,
said cross-piece having a length of the order of 32mm and an
arcuate outer surface portion formed from a cylinder having a
diameter of the order of 4mm.
4. A method for detecting nerve pressure in the body of a patient
in the region of the spinal column in a manner identifying the
vertebral level at which abnormal nerve pressure exists in the
patient comprising the steps of disposing an electrode tightly held
in the patient's hand, applying a D.C. electric potential to said
electrode, applying a D.C. potential of opposite polarity to and
pressing a second electrode with moderate pressure against the skin
in said surface areas to form a portion of an electrical circuit
via the body of the patient between the first named electrode and
said second electrode, said second electrode having an elongated
rod-like skin-engaging portion of predetermined length and an
arcuate outer surface for contacting the skin, the radius of said
arcuate surface lying in a range to make a line contact with the
skin of a width of the order of the specific sweat gland pores of
the skin, orienting said portion of said second electrode to extend
laterally of the spinal column, drawing said second electrode along
said surface areas while measuring the electrical resistance in
said circuit portion to detect abrupt substantial changes therein,
and marking the skin at the locus of such resistance changes to
identify the vertebral level at which the indicated nerve pressure
exists.
5. A method for detecting the vertebral level at which abnormal
nerve pressure exists in the body of a patient according to Claim 4
wherein the current flow in said circuit portion is oriented to
pass from the hand-held electrode to said second electrode via the
patient's body for completing an electric path leading out of the
patient's body via said skin surfaces directly over or flanking the
spinal column.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a scanning system, device and method for
readily detecting the locus of a subluxated or pinched nerve along
the spinal column and more particularly for identifying which
particular pair of vertebrae are pressing upon a pinched nerve so
that a medical person can relieve the pressure as by adjusting
alignment of one of the pair of vertebrae.
In the spinal column, nerves extend outwardly between confronting
parts of adjacent pairs of vertebrae whereby, if one vertebra
become cocked at an angle relative to the other, a nerve can become
pinched. Pressure on the nerve in this manner can cause the nerve
to become hyperactive whereby it develops more than its usual
number of excitations or pulses. If the pressure becomes great
enough, the nerve then may become hypoactive whereby its function
is substantially diminished and the nerve becomes essentially
deadened to a greater or lesser degree. It is not always readily
evident as to which pair of vertebrae may be causing the nerve to
be pinched, however.
It has been observed that sweat gland activity is generally
affected by the nerves. Thus, where a nerve is hyperactive, there
will be an excessively active sweat gland associated with that
nerve. Conversely, hypoactive nerves tend to diminish the activity
for their related sweat glands.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND OBJECTS
As disclosed herein, a method and means are provided for not only
locating the sweat glands which have been affected by nerve
pressure, but also for locating those sweat glands which indicate
the particular pair of vertebrae which are causing the nerve
pressure so that the pressure can be relieved by treatment.
Thus, in general, a vertebral subluxation locus detector system has
been provided characterized by an elongated electrode element
having a predetermined polarity and adapted to be pressed against
and wiped substantially in line contact with the skin of a patient
along a path flanking the patient's spinal column. The electrode
element is formed with a length serving to contact and span the
average distance between the sympathetic ganglionic chain of nerves
of the spinal column and the midline of the spinal column. Another
electrode is adapted to be held in the hand of the patient so as to
form an electrical path via the patient between the first and
second electrodes. Further, means for detecting impedance changes
in the electrical path while wiping the first named electrode along
the spinal path indicates changes in sweat gland avtivity of the
patient along the first named path which sweat gland activity is
directly related to the subluxation regions. Preferably, the
polarities are such as to provide current flow from the hand held
electrode via the body of the patient and to the exploratory
electrode noted above. Further, the exploratory electrode or
scanning electrode is comprised of a T-shaped member wherein the
cross-piece thereof has an arcuate outer surface for engaging the
skin of a patient along a line contact notwithstanding varying
angular orientations of the stem portion of the T-shaped
electrode.
A method for detecting nerve root pressure subluxations of the body
of a patient in the regions flanking the spinal column in a manner
identifying the locus of the subluxation comprises the steps as
disclosed further below.
In general, it is an object of the present invention to provide an
improved method and means for identifying the locus of a vertebral
subluxation or pinched nerve region whereby the particular pair of
vertebrae causing the pinching of the nerve can be treated.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a method and
means for so identifying the locus of a vertebral subluxation using
relatively simple techniques with minimum discomfiture to the
patient.
The foregoing and other objects of the invention will become more
readily evident from the following detailed description of a
preferred embodiment when considered in conjunction with the
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a system according to the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the back of a patient
being examined pursuant to the method disclosed herein;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing comparative meter readings at 3.0 volts
potential as between cathodal (C) and anodal (A) currents;
FIG. 4 is a graph similar to FIG. 3 at 4.0 volts potential on power
supply 16.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A vertebral subluxation locus detecting system 10 comprises an
elongated electrode 11, preferably of nickel plated brass, adapted
to be held in the fist 12 of a patient in order to minimize
unwanted voltage drops in the interface defined between electrode
11 and the skin of the palm of the hand of the patient holding
electrode 11. Thus, the probe contact area is relatively large and
the contact location in the palm of the hand provides a maximum
natural low impedance electrolyte in the form of perspiration from
the sweat glands in the hand. Thus, the palm of the hand has a much
higher density of sweat glands than on the arms or back, for
example, and these glands are usually active under most
conditions.
Electrode 11 is connected, as by means of lead 14, to the positive
side of a variable voltage source 16 whereby electrode 11 has the
characteristics of an anode and a T-shaped exploratory probe 13
forms a second electrode having the characteristics of a cathode
connected, via an ammeter or other suitable meter 17 such as a
voltage measuring means, to the negative side of the D.C. power
supply 16.
It has been observed that a prolonged voltage applied across the
skin eventually causes a decline in the probe/skin interface
resistance so as to make it difficult to identify regions of
hyperactive or hypoactive sweat gland activity on the skin by
reading the skin's resistance. Thus, the exploratory probe herein
is a movable one and has a cylindrical elongated rod-shaped contact
portion or element 18 having a length serving to contact and span
the average distance between the sympathetic ganglionic chain of
nerves of the spinal column and the midline 19 of the spinal column
so as to define a path 21. It has been observed that by making the
examination along path 21 as described herein, the responses
obtained (indicative of nerve root pressure) will occur at
locations along the path having a direct lateral relationship or
displacement from the offending pair of vertebrae which are causing
the detected nerve root pressure.
Thus, for most purposes, the rod-shaped element 18 of probe 13
extends approximately 32mm in length and has a diameter on the
order of 4mm with rounded ends. The arcuate outer surface of
element 18 provides line contact with the skin as it is wiped along
path 21 flanking the centerline of the spinal column 19. The line
contact provided by element 18 will exist notwithstanding varying
angular orientations of the insulated stem portion 22 of probe 13.
Preferably, element 18 is, of course, cylindrical in order to
readily maintain such line contact as above described.
The above diameter must be small enough to provide relatively
precise discrimination in detecting sweat gland activity since the
resistance at the interface between element 18 and the skin of the
patient is approximately inversely proportional to the contact area
between the probe and the skin, the larger the exploratory probe,
the smaller will be the difference in resistances as measured
between the subluxation regions and normal regions. Accordingly,
the probe would then, if larger, be less likely to detect a
subluxation. Since the typical subluxation region is commonly
circular and 2 to 5mm in diameter, the probe diameter of 4mm
provides a relatively precise detection of the subluxation.
The tips of element 18 may be used in exploratory fashion in order
to locate the precise sweat gland activity, if desired.
An electrical path 23 is formed via the patient 25 between the
first and second electrodes 11, 13 and this path is indicated in
dotted lines with a number of separate resistances indicated
representative of the double layer resistances 24, 29 providing the
major amount of resistance in path 23, the hand skin resistance 26,
bulk tissue resistance 27, and back skin resistance 28.
It has been observed that, by causing the current flow in the
circuit shown to move in the direction indicated by the lower case
letters i, greater definition, particularly on moist skin, can be
achieved since the interface resistance appears to be more stable
when the steady current is outwardly moving toward exploratory
probe 13.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, vertebral subluxation areas
with anodal (A) and cathodal (C) currents at probe 13 are shown.
The term "anodal" is used herein as representing the condition
wherein current in the system 10 shown in FIG. 1 moves in a
direction opposite to the direction shown by the i's therein. A
"cathodal" current represents a current flowing in the direction
shown in FIG. 1.
By a comparison of FIGS. 3 and 4, the inability to distinguish the
subluxation area when using anodal current for probe 13 is readily
apparent. Further, increasing the application potential fails to
materially change the sensitivity of the detection method.
For a subluxation causing localized hyperactivity of the sweat
glands, the distinguishability between normal and subluxation area
measurement readings on meter 17 is, in part, due to the large
difference in electrolyte provided at the skin/probe 13 interface
where the subluxation area reduces this component of resistance 29
in the measurement circuit. If an A.C. potential is applied for a
similar type of detection measurement, the skin/probe resistance is
less than the corresponding D.C. resistance in the normal skin
areas. However, the subluxation area interface resistance decreases
at much smaller proportions for an applied A.C. potential. Although
the direction of potential can be reversed as in the D.C. case to
take advantage of the cathodal current characteristic, the
difference in resistance between the two directions is much less.
Thus, the D.C. measurement technique has been observed to be much
superior to an equivalent A.C. technique.
In operation, when it is desired to examine a patient to determine
the locus of a vertebral subluxation or pinched nerve, the method
for detecting the locus of nerve root pressure subluxations of the
body is pursued in the regions flanking the spinal column in a
manner comprising the steps of: cleaning those surface areas of a
patient's back flanking the spinal column so as to remove dirt,
dead skin and contaminants if necessary. The skin is then dried
along these surface areas and permitted to adjust to room
temperature. Electrode 11 is disposed tightly held in the patient's
hand and an electric potential is applied to electrode 11. The next
step is to press a second electrode, such as the T-shaped probe 13,
with moderate pressure against the skin in the surface areas such
as 21 spanning the average distance between the sympathetic
ganglionic chain of nerves of the spinal column and the midline of
the spinal column to form a portion of an electrical circuit via
the body of the patient between the first electrode 11 and a second
electrode, such as probe 13. The second electrode 13 is formed with
an elongated rod-like skin-engaging portion 18 of predetermined
length and having an arcuate outer surface for contacting the skin,
the radius of which lies in a range to make substantially a line
contact with the skin of a width of the order of the sweat gland
pores. The next step is to orient that portion 18 of probe 13 to
extend laterally of the spinal column followed by drawing probe 13
along surface areas 21 in line contact therewith while measuring
electrical resistance in circuit portion 23 to detect, as by means
of meter 17, any abrupt substantial change therein, and marking the
skin at the locus (e.g., 30) of such resistance changes so as to
identify the related pair of vertebrae causing nerve root
pressure.
Thus, it has been observed that the marked locii on the skin
representing nerve root pressure detected in the foregoing manner
typically lie laterally adjacent the confronting misaligned pair of
vertebrae causing the nerve root pressure detected and marked by
the above technique and apparatus.
From the foregoing, it will be readily evident that there has been
provided an improved device, system and method of identifying the
locus of a given pair of vertebrae causing nerve root pressure so
that treatment can be readily effected.
* * * * *