U.S. patent number 3,785,193 [Application Number 05/242,712] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for liner expanding apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to John C. Kinley. Invention is credited to Charles W. Agee, Myron M. Kinley.
United States Patent |
3,785,193 |
Kinley , et al. |
January 15, 1974 |
LINER EXPANDING APPARATUS
Abstract
Apparatus for repairing tubular members, such as oil well casing
or tubing, wherein a malleable liner is expanded into sealed
engagement with the inside of such tubular member in spite of
variations therein, by driving a mandrel with a collet mounted
thereon through the liner, the collet having flexible fingers
extending therefrom into yieldable engagement with the liner.
Inventors: |
Kinley; Myron M. (Chickasha,
OK), Agee; Charles W. (Houston, TX) |
Assignee: |
Kinley; John C. (Houston,
TX)
|
Family
ID: |
22915892 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/242,712 |
Filed: |
April 10, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
72/393;
166/277 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21B
29/10 (20130101); E21B 43/105 (20130101); B21D
39/20 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21B
29/00 (20060101); E21B 29/10 (20060101); B21D
39/08 (20060101); B21D 39/20 (20060101); B21d
039/08 () |
Field of
Search: |
;72/393 ;29/507,523
;166/277 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Larson; Lowell A.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Pravel, Wilson & Matthews
Claims
We claim:
1. A liner expanding tool for expanding a malleable liner
positioned in a tubular member to conform said liner to the inside
wall of said tubular member, comprising:
a mandrel adapted to be driven through said liner;
a collet mounted with said mandrel, fingers mounted with said
collet for movement outwardly of said mandrel;
yieldable means mounted with said mandrel for urging said fingers
outwardly into yieldable engagement with said liner whereby said
fingers expand said liner to substantially conform to the inside
wall of said tubular member, in spite of variations therein, as
said expanding tool is driven through said tubular member; and
said yieldable means including laterally extending pins slidably
mounted with said mandrel and extending into engagement with said
fingers, and resilient means resiliently engaging said pins for
urging said pins and fingers outwardly.
2. The structure set forth in claim 1, in which said resilient
means includes:
adjustment means for adjusting the positions of said laterally
extending pins whereby the position of said fingers with respect to
said mandrel is adjustable.
3. The structure set forth in claim 1, in which said yieldable
means includes:
a driving pin mounted for slidable movement longitudinally in said
mandrel; and
a spring member urging said driving pin into yieldable engagement
with said laterally extending pins whereby said driving pin
cooperates with said laterally extending pins to transmit forces
acting against said fingers to said spring member.
4. The structure set forth in claim 3, in which said yieldable
means includes:
spring adjusting means for adjusting the compression on said spring
member to adjust the yieldability of said laterally extending
fingers and said fingers.
5. The structure set forth in claim 1, in which said yieldable
means includes:
said laterally extending pins having tapered surfaces; and
a driving pin mounted for slidable movement longitudinally of said
mandrel and including a tapered surface which engages said tapered
surfaces of said laterally extending pins whereby the longitudinal
position of said driving pin determines the position of said
laterally extending pins with respect to said mandrel.
6. The structure set forth in claim 1 including:
said collet assembly and said fingers being mounted on said mandrel
for movement between a first position wherein said fingers are
positioned radially outwardly of said mandrel and a second position
wherein said fingers are positioned radially inwardly such that
said liner tool can be easily moved through said tubular member;
and
resilient means urging said collet assembly to said first position
whereby said collet is yieldably movable toward said second
position.
7. The structure set forth in claim 6, including:
a sleeve member slidably mounted on said mandrel for longitudinal
movement with said collet;
said resilient means being a spring disposed between said mandrel
and said sleeve member for urging said collet assembly to said
first position.
8. The structure set forth in claim 6, including:
releasable means for releasably holding said collet in said second
position.
9. The structure set forth in claim 1 in which said liner expading
tool is used in combination with a liner having a longitudinal
reverse bend therein and a swaging tool, comprising:
a. a wedge-shaped body having a lower end adapted to be driven into
the upper end of said liner with said reverse bend therein; and
b. said wedge-shaped body having a longitudinally extending,
upwardly tapered recess for receiving said reverse bend.
10. A liner expanding tool adapted to be lowered on a wireline for
expanding a malleable liner in a tubular member to conform said
liner to the inside wall of said tubular member, comprising:
a mandrel having a wireline therewith for suspending the mandrel in
said tubular member from the wireline;
a collet assembly mounted with said mandrel, said collet assembly
including fingers mounted for movement outwardly of said
mandrel;
expander means engageable with said fingers for urging said fingers
outwardly away from said mandrel upon a relative longitudinal
movement between said fingers and said expander means; and
adjustment means operably connected with said expander means for
adjusting the extent of outward movement of said fingers away from
said mandrel to thereby obtain a predetermined amount of expansion
of the liner for each setting of said adjustment means.
11. A liner expanding tool for expanding a malleable liner in a
tubular member to conform said liner to the inside wall of said
tubular member, comprising:
a mandrel having a wireline therewith for suspending the mandrel in
said tubular member from the wireline;
a collet assembly mounted with said mandrel, said collet assembly
including fingers mounted for movement with respect to said
mandrel;
expander means engageable with said fingers for urging said fingers
outwardly away from said mandrel upon a relative longitudinal
movement between said fingers and said expander means; and
releasable lock means preventing longitudinal movement of said
expander means relative to said fingers for maintaining said
fingers in a retracted position inwardly from said liner expanding
position until released by manipulation of said wireline for
thereafter permitting relative longitudinal movement of said
expander means relative to said fingers for expanding same.
12. The structure set forth in claim 10, including:
releasable lock means preventing longitudinal movement of said
expander means relative to said fingers for maintaining said
fingers in a retracted position inwardly from said liner expanding
position until released by manipulation of said wireline for
thereafter permitting relative longitudinal movement of said
expander means relative to said fingers for expanding same.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The field of this invention is apparatus for repairing a tubular
member such as oil well casing or tubing.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is sometimes necessary to patch a hole or other defect in oil
well pipe such as casing or production tubing by expanding a
malleable liner into sealed engagement with the inside wall of the
pipe. Various devices have been devised for setting such liners in
oil well pipe. In U.S. Pat. to M. M. Kinley, No. 3,191,677 the
liner setting apparatus disclosed includes an expander ball which
is driven through the liner by an explosive jar. U. S. Pat. to M.
M. Kinley, No. 3,489,220 disclosed a method and apparatus for
setting a malleable linear having a reverse bend therein over a
hole in the pipe, removing a reverse bend from the liner to enlarge
the diameter thereof to slightly less than the inside diameter of
the pipe and expanding the liner to fit tightly in the pipe.
Pipe such as casing or tubing for oil wells may have variations in
the inside wall which reduce or enlarge the inside diameter of the
pipe. If such variations are present in an area of pipe which
receives a liner, it is desirable to expand the liner to conform to
such variations to provide an effective seal between the liner and
the pipe.
A difficulty encountered in utilizing liner expanding tools in
casing or production tubing is in removing the tool after the tool
has been driven through the liner. If there are restrictions in the
diameter of the pipe in or above the area covered by the expanded
liner, there is more likelihood that the tool may hang up at the
restriction and possibly even damage the liner as it is pulled
therethrough.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a tool for expanding a liner
to fit tightly against the inside wall of a pipe such as oil well
casing or tubing in spite of variations in the inside diameter of
the pipe. The tool of this invention includes a mandrel that is
adapted to be driven through the liner after the liner has been
positioned over the hole or other defect in the pipe. A collet
having flexible fingers extending therefrom is mounted on the
mandrel and resiliently mounted pins extend from the mandrel to
urge the fingers outwardly into yieldable engagement with the liner
such that the liner is expanded to conform to the inside wall of a
pipe.
In another aspect of this invention, the collet is mounted for
slidable movement with respect to the laterally extending pins so
that the flexible fingers can be moved inwardly as the tool is
lowered into or removed from the pipe thereby preventing the
fingers from damaging the liner or otherwise hanging up in the
liner or pipe.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a partly removed section of oil well
casing with the liner and setting tools disclosed herein positioned
for installation over a defect;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view similar to FIG. 1 with a swaging tool
driven partially down through the liner such that the reverse bend
in the liner has been partially removed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view similar to FIGS. 1 and 2 with the liner
expanding tool of this invention driven partially through the
liner;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the expanding tool of this invention
with the flexible fingers of the collet held in a withdrawn
position;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the expanding tool with the flexible
fingers bent outwardly into yieldable engagement with the liner;
and
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6--6 of FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to the drawings, a liner 10 is positioned downhole
in production tubing T such that the liner, when expanded, will
conform to and sealingly engage the inside wall 11 of the tubing T
thereby sealing off hole 12 therein. The liner 10 consists of a
thin-walled steel tube which is coated on the outside 10a with an
oil-resistant elastomer and on the inside 10b with a slippery,
fluoride plastic so that the tools of this invention may be driven
therethrough. A reverse longitudinal bend 10c extends
longitudinally throughout the length of the liner 10 in the
pre-expanded position illustrated in FIG. 1. The reverse bend in
the liner 10 substantially reduces the outer diameter so that the
liner 10 may be easily lowered into position to seal off the hole
12. The liner is lowered into position by means of a swaging tool S
which is supported on a wire line W such as illustrated in FIG.
3.
The liner 10 is supported in the tubing T from below by means of a
retrievable stop R, a spacer bar B and a collapsible support C. The
retrievable stop R is first lowered through the tubing T and is
positioned at tubing joint 14 in a manner well known to those in
the art. One or more solid spacer bars B are then lowered down the
tubing T and positioned above the retrievable stop R. A collapsible
support C is then lowered down the tubing T and is supported on the
spacer bar B to provide an adjustable support for supporting the
liner 10 in a position such that the hole 12 in the tubing T is
approximately intermediate of the length of the liner 10. The
collapsible support C, which may be the one disclosed in the U. S.
Pat. to Kinley, No. 3,424,244, includes an anvil head 15 which is
attached to an outer square tubular member 16 having an inner
mandrel 17 mounted for slidable movement therein. For a thin wall
liner 10, an additonal liner guide (not shown) may be positioned
above and supported on the head 15 to prevent distortion of the
lower end of the liner 10 while it is being expanded. A retainer
cylinder 18 is welded or otherwise attached to a cylindrical
portion 16a of the square tubular member 16 and a shear pin (not
shown) extends through the retaining cylinder 18 and one of a
plurality of holes (not shown) in the inner mandrel 17 in order to
support the inner mandrel 17 in an extended position such as
illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The collapsible support C is designed
to collapse upon receivng a force of sufficient impact from above
against the anvil head 15 such that the outer tubular member 16
telescopes over the inner mandrel 17 thereby providing operating
space below the lower end 10b of the liner 10.
The swaging tool S is preferably of the type shown in FIGS. 8-10 of
U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,220 and it includes a main body 20 and a lower
body 21. An anvil head 20a is attached to the upper end of the main
body 20 and a centering member 20b is mounted with the main body 20
and includes a plurality of radially extending plates 20c which end
in flat surfaces 20d. The lower body 21 includes an upper
cylindrical portion 21a and a lower tapered portion 21b.
The lower tapered portion 21b is substantially wedge-shaped so that
the liner 10 may be gradually expanded as the swaging tool S is
driven therethrough. A longitudinal recess 21c in tapered portion
21b is shaped to insure that the tool S does not engage the reverse
bend 10c as it is gradually removed by the lower tapered portion
21b of the swaging tool S engaging the inside surface of the liner
10 at the area other than at the bend 10c, as the tool S is driven
through the liner 10. The outer diameter of the cylindrical portion
21a of the lower body portion 21 is substantially equal to the
diameter of the inside wall 10b with the reverse bend removed such
that driving of the swaging tool S through the liner returns the
liner to its original diameter, which is still slightly smaller
than the diameter of the inside wall 11 of the tube T.
As previously mentioned, the swaging tool S is lowered through the
tubing T by means of a wire line. In order to support the liner 10
as it is lowered on the swaging tool S, a horizontal groove 21d is
provided in the tapered portion 21b of the lower body portion 21
and the liner 10 is crimped into the groove. The swaging tool is
driven through the liner 10 by a rod, link or explosive jarring
tool such as disclosed in the U. S. Pat. to Kinley, No.
3,191,677.
A liner expanding tool E is provided for expanding the liner 10
into sealed engagement with the inside wall 11 of the tubing T
after the swaging tool S has removed the reverse bend 10c from the
liner 10 thereby returning the liner to a substantially cylindrical
shape. The liner expanding tool E is adapted to be suspended from a
wire line W and a jarring tool J is interposed between the
expanding tool E and the wire line W in order to provide the
repetitious force of impact necessary to drive the expanding tool E
through the liner 10. The jarring tool J may be a rod jar or link
jar or perhaps an explosive jar.
The expanding tool E of the preferred embodiment of this invention
yieldably engages the inside wall 10b of the liner 10 as it is
driven therethrough in order to conform the liner to the inside
wall 11 of the tubing T in spite of variations such as restrictions
in the inside wall. The liner expanding tool E includes a mandrel
30 having male threads 30a at its upper end in order to be
threadedly secured to an adapter 29 for jarring tool J. The mandrel
30 includes a main body portion 30b which has a longitudinal recess
30c which is generally cylindrical in shape and includes an upper
threaded portion 30d. A downwardly facing annular shoulder 30e is
at the upper end of an intermediate cylindrical body portion 30f
and a downwardly facing inclined shoulder 30g is at the lower end
thereof and at the top of a lower cylindrical body portion 30h
having a smaller diameter than the intermediate body portion
30f.
A collet 31 includes a lower solid annular ring 31a having a bore
or longitudinal opening 31b therethrough such that the collet is
mounted for slidable movement about the intermediate and lower body
portions 30f and 30h of the mandrel 30. The collet 31 further
includes a plurality of upwardly extending, flexible fingers 31c,
31d and 31e, preferably three in number, which are formed by
machining or otherwise forming slots 32 in the upper portion 31f of
the collet. The fingers 31c, 31d and 31e are thus integral with the
lower portion 31a of the collet and, since the collet is made of
resilient steel or other resilient material, the fingers 31c, 31d
and 31e are bendable or extendible inwardly and outwardly of the
intermediate mandrel body portion 30f. The collet 31 includes a
slot 33 which receives a key 34 mounted in the lower mandrel body
portion 30h so that the collet 31 is slidable longitudinally
thereof but is secured by the key 34 against rotation with respect
thereto.
A plurality of laterally or radially extending pins 35, 36 and 37
are mounted in the intermediate body portion 30f and extend into
the bore 30c. The laterally extending pin 35 includes a tapered end
35a positioned in the recess 30c and has a flat tapered outer end
35b which extends into engagement with the flat milled out inside
surface of flexible finger 31d. Similarly, the laterally extending
pins 36 and 37 have tapered ends 36a and 37a which are positioned
in the bore 30c and outer flat ends 36b and 37b which engage the
inside surfaces of fingers 31e and 31c, respectively.
A driving pin 40 is mounted in the longitudinal bore 30c for
slidable movement therein and it includes a tapered end portion 40a
which engages the upper surfaces of the tapered ends 35a, 36a, and
37a of the laterally extending pins 35, 36, and 37, in such a
manner that the position of the drivin pin 40 in the recess 30b is
dependent upon the lateral positions of the laterally extending
pins 35, 36 and 37. With the driving pin 40 in the position of FIG.
4, a downwardly facing annular shoulder 40b of the pin 40 is
engaging an upwardly facing annular shoulder 30l in the recess 30c
such that the driving pin 40 cannot move the laterally extending
pins 35, 36, and 37, further radially outwardly of the mandrel
30.
A nut 42 including an outwardly threaded surface 42a is threadedly
mounted with the threaded portion 30d of the recess 30c. The nut 42
has a longitudinal opening 42b therethrough in order to receive an
upper rod portion 40c of the driving pin 40. A plurality of
belleville springs 42 or other suitable resilient means is mounted
about the upper rod portion 40c and is positioned in compression
between the driving pin 40 and the nut 42. The belleville springs
43 act to resiliently mount the driving pin 40 and urge the driving
pin 40 to the position of FIG. 4 where the tapered end 40a of the
driving pin 40 is positioned to displace the outer end surfaces
35b, 36b and 37b of the laterally extending pins 35, 36, and 37
radially outwardly of the intermediate mandrel body portion 30f. As
will be described in more detail hereinafter, the resilient
mounting of the laterally extending pins 35, 36 and 37 allows the
flexible finers 31c, 31d and 31e to move inwardly in response to
restrictions or other interference encountered in the tubing T
thereby moving upwardly the driving pin 40 against the urging of
the belleville springs 43 thereby transmitting forces acting
against the flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e to the belleville
springs 43. Slidable movement of the driving pin 40 is stabilized
by the slidable mounting of the upper rod portion 40c of the
driving pin 40 for slidable movement in the longitudinal opening
42b in the nut 42.
A sleeve member 45 has a longitudinal opening 45a extending
therethrough and is attached to the lower solid ring 31a of the
collet 31 by means of assembly pins 46 which extend through
openings (not shown) in the sleeve 45 into aligned grooves 46a in a
lower necked portion 31g of the collet 31. The sleeve member 45 is
mounted for slidable movement about the lower body portion 30h of
the mandrel 30 at a restricted portion 45b of the longitudinal
opening 45a in the sleeve 45. The longitudinal opening 45a further
includes a lower threaded end portion 45c in which an adapter 47 is
threadedly mounted.
The lower body portion 30h, which is essentially a solid rod,
includes a collar 48 welded or otherwise attached thereto. A coil
spring 49 is mounted in compression between upper annular shoulder
48a of the collar 48 and a downwardly facing shoulder 45d in the
opening 45a in the sleeve 45.
The collet 31 and sleeve 45 are movable between the down position
of FIG. 4, where the fingers 31c, 31d and 31e are positioned
radially inwardly with respect to intermediate mandrel body portion
30f, and the up position of FIG. 5 where the fingers 31c, 31d and
31e are positioned radially outwardly of the intermediate body
mandrel 30f. With the fingers 31c, 31d and 31e in the radially
outward position of FIG. 5, the fingers, in particular ridges 31h
on the outside of the fingers, are in position to resiliently
engage the inner wall 10b of the liner 10 and expand the liner 10
into sealed engagement with the inner wall 11 of the tubing T. The
coil spring 49 acts to urge the sleeve 45 and the collet 31 to the
up position of FIG. 5 after a shear pin 50 is severed as will be
explained, so that by co-action with the outer tapered ends of the
pins 35, 36, 37, the fingers are urged radially outward of the
mandrel 30.
When the expanding tool E is being lowered into the tubing T, it is
advantageous that the fingers 31c, 31d, and 31e be withdrawn to the
radially inward, down position of FIG. 4 such that the fingers will
not hang up on the inside wall 11 of the tubing T. In order to
releasably hold the fingers 31c, 31d, and 31e in the down position,
the shear pin 50 is mounted in holes 51 and 52 in the sleeve 45 and
hole 53 which extends through the lower mandrel body portion 30h.
With the sleeve 45 and collet 31 held in the down position of FIG.
4, the expanding tool E can be moved freely down through the tubing
T to either contact the head 20a, as shown in FIG. 2, or engage the
collet surfaces 31h with the upper end of the liner 10 at 10b (FIG.
3) if the head 20a is already down in the liner as shown in FIG. 3.
The sleeve 45 and the collet 31 are moved to the up position of
FIG. 5 where the fingers 31c, 31d, and 31e are extended radially
outwardly into engagement with the liner 10 by shearing the pin 51
wiht the jarring tool J. Further, after the expanding tool E has
been moved all the way through the liner 10 and it is desirable to
remove the expanding tool E from the tubing T, the collet 31 and
sleever 45 will move downwardly toward the position of FIG. 4
against the urging of spring 49 in response to the fingers 31c, 31d
and 31e being engaged by a restricted portion of either the inside
wall 10b of the liner 10 or the inside wall 11 of the tubing T. In
this manner, the expanding tool E can be removed from the tubing T
without damaging the liner 10 or hanging upon either liner 10 or
tubing T.
OPERATION
In the operation and use of this invention, the defect or hole 12
in the tubing T is first located. Then, the retrievable stop R is
lowered into the tubing T and is positioned at a selected joint 14
in the tubing T below the hole 12. Spacer bars B and the
collapsible support C are then lowered into the tubing T to provide
support for the lower end 10d of the liner 10 such that the hole 12
is approximately intermediate of the liner 10. The liner 10 is
normally 10 feet in length; however, the length of the liner need
only be sufficient to effectively seal off the hole 12 in the
tubing T.
The liner is crimped near upper end 10e into the groove 21d in the
tapered portion 21b of the swaging tool S. The swaging tool S is
then lowered by any suitable means such as wire line W into the
tubing T with the liner 10 being suspended therefrom. Preferably, a
conventional releasing tool (not shown) is releasably attached to
the head 20a with a jarring tool J such as shown in FIG. 3
thereabove, supported by the wireline W. It is understood that the
swaging tool S may be lowered into the hole by other means such as
tubing itself if, for example, the tubing T is actually the casing
in an oil well.
The swaging tool S is then driven downwardly into the liner 10 by
any suitable means such as the conventional wire-line actuated
jarring tool J, which is illustrated in FIG. 3. As the swaging tool
S is driven downwardly, the reverse bend 10c in the liner 10 is
pulled outwardly by the portion 21b of the tool S to return the
liner to its original cylindrical shape. The diameter of the liner
with the reverse bend removed is substantially equal to or slightly
smaller than the diameter of the inner wall 11 of the tubing T.
The swaging tool S is driven approximately one-half of the way
through the liner 10. Then, the wireline W is used to remove the
jarring tool J and the releasing tool from the tubing T. The
expanding tool E of this invention is then attached to the jarring
tool J and is lowered down the tubing T on the wireline W such that
the lower adapter 47 of the expanding tool E normally rests on top
of the anvil head 20a of the swaging tool S (FIG. 2).
The jarring tool J is then activated to drive the expanding tool E
and swaging tool S downwardly. With the intial blows of the jarring
tool upon the mandrel 30 of the expanding tool E, the pin 50 is
sheared so that the sleeve 45 and collet 31 are free to be moved to
the up position of FIG. 5 under the urging of the spring 49. As the
expanding tool E is driven downwardly into the liner 10, the ridges
31h on the flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e engage the inside wall
lob of the liner 10 and expand the liner into sealed engagement
with the inside wall 11 of the tubing T. If the liner 10 is to
sealingly engage an area of the inside wall having a diameter which
is smaller than the normal diameter of the inside wall, the
flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e will encounter lateral resistance
as the fingers move into this restricted area. The flexible fingers
31c, 31d and 31e are free to move inwardly at the point of
restriction and, the laterally extending pins 35, 36 and 37 are
moved inwardly with the flexible fingers. Radially inward movement
of the laterally extending pins 35, 36 and 37 cause the driving pin
40 to be moved upwardly within the recess 30c against the urging of
belleville springs 43. After the flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e
have been moved past the restricted area in the tubing T, the
belleville springs 43 urge the driving pin 40 downwardly and thus
move the laterally extending pins 35, 36 and 37 and the flexible
fingers 31c, 31d and 31e radially outwardly. In this manner the
flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e are continually urged into
engagement with the inside wall 10b of the liner 10 in restricted
as well as unrestricted areas of the tubing T so that the liner 10
is expanded to conform to the shape of the inner wall 11 of the
tubing T in spite of variations therein.
Eventually the jarring tool J drives the tapered, wedge-shaped
portion 21b of the swaging tool S against the anvil head 15 of the
collapsible support C or a suitable liner guide therebetween,
causing the shear pin (not shown) in the collapsible support C to
shear so that the tubular section 16 telescopes down over the inner
mandrel 17. The collapsing of the collapsible support C provides
space for the jarring tool J to drive the swaging tool S all the
way through the liner 10. In this manner, the swaging tool S is
moved out of the lower portion of the liner so that the expanding
tool E can be driven all the way through the liner 10 thereby
expanding the entire liner into engagement with the inner wall 11
of the tubing T.
Thereafter, the expanding tool E may be removed up through the
liner 10 in the tubular member T simply by lifting the tool E with
the wire line W. As the expanding tool E is moved upwardly, the
flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e may engage a restricted portion
either within the liner 10 or within the tubing T, and in such
event, the collet 31 and sleeve 45 are moved downwardly such that
the flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e are moved toward the down
position of FIG. 4 and thereby are withdrawn radially inwardly. In
this manner, the upward movement of the expanding tool E may be
continued out of the tubing T without hanging up on either the
liner 10 or the tubing T. Not only does this slidable movement of
the collet 31 and sleeve 45 allow the expanding tool E to be easily
removed from the liner 10 and tubing T, but it also prevents the
fingers 31c, 31d and 31e from damaging the liner 10 as the
expanding tool E is removed.
It may be desirable to adjust the compression and thus the
yieldability of the belleville springs 43. Such adjustment is
accomplished by screwing the nut 42 downwardly or upwardly in the
threaded portion 30d of the recess 30c. When the nut 42 is moved
downwardly to a lower position than illustrated in FIG. 5, the
compression of the belleville springs is increased and thus the
yieldability of the lateral pins 35-37 and thus the fingers 31c,
31d and 31e is decreased. Conversely, if the nut 42 is screwed
upwardly from the position illustrated in FIG. 4, the compression
of the belleville springs is decreased and the yieldability of the
flexible fingers 31c, 31d and 31e is increased such that the
fingers will move inwardly in response to less lateral resistance
than when the compression in the belleville springs 43 is
greater.
The compression in the belleville springs 43 mmay be adjusted for,
among other reasons, utilizing the expanding tool E to expand a
liner 10 into sealed engagement with the inner wall 11 of the
tubing T in stages. Thus in order to expand the liner 10 in a
series of trips of the expanding tool E through the liner 10, the
nut 42 is a first screwed upwardly so that the compression in the
belleville springs is lessened. Then the expanding tool E is driven
through the liner 10 and the liner 10 is moved or expanded
outwardly but not to a position in complete sealed engagement with
the inside wall 11 of the tubing T. Then, the expanding tool E is
removed from the liner 10 and the nut 42 is moved downwardly to a
lower position than previously so that the compression in the
belleville springs 43 is increased. In this manner, with the
increased compression on the belleville springs 43, the finger 31c,
31d and 31e yield less as the expanding tool E is again driven
through the liner thereby causing the fingers to expand or push
outwardly the liner 10 further into engagement with the inner wall
11 of the tubing T. If desirable, the yieldability of the fingers
31c, 31d and 31e may be adjusted a series of times so that the
liner 10 is expanded only a small amount each time the expanding
tool is driven therethrough.
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention are
illustrative and explanatory thereof, and various changes in the
size, shape and materials as well as in the details of the
illustrated construction may be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention. For example, it is to be understood that
the tubular member T, which is production tubing in the preferred
embodiment of this invention, may be any tubular member into which
a liner is placed. It is to be further understood, that the
expanding tool E of the preferred embodiment of this invention may
be used in combination with the tools other than those disclosed
herein; it is also within the scope of this invention to utilize
the expanding tool E as the only means for expanding a liner such
as 10 into sealed engagement with a tubular member.
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