U.S. patent number 3,784,984 [Application Number 05/236,456] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-15 for headgear structure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Gentex Corporation. Invention is credited to Jackson Anthony Aileo.
United States Patent |
3,784,984 |
Aileo |
January 15, 1974 |
HEADGEAR STRUCTURE
Abstract
A flexible helmet having plural inner and outer panels of woven
fabric cut and assembled so as to conform closely to heads of
different shapes and sizes, and plural pads for protecting the
wearer's head against impacts, the pads being removably carried in
separate pockets formed by the inner and outer panels. The pads may
be fabricated of resilient energy-absorbing material and/or may
include a layer of flexible ballistic material for protection
against blows from sharp objects. The helmet panels may be made of
open mesh fabric, and the pads may be perforated for ventilation of
the helmet; also, the inner surfaces of the pad may be so shaped or
lined as to provide ventilation spaced between the pads and the
wearer's head. Sound-attenuating earcups are carried by the helmet
in position for close-fitting engagement with the head. Size
adjustment of the helmet is effected by means of a variable length
nape strap at the rear of the helmet. In addition, the helmet may
carry communications equipment, including earphones within the
earcups, and a microphone, with a switch for the microphone sealed
in a watertight enclosure within one of the earcups. An elongated
flap extending across the lower inner margin of the rear of the
helmet may be folded over and fastened to provide a passage for
holding the wiring of the communications equipment. For further
protection of the head, a rigid outer shell may be placed over and
detachably secured to the flexible helmet, being stabilized in
position relative thereto by means of cooperating, complementary
pressure-actuable surface contact fastening elements respectively
carried on the crown portions of the outer surface of the flexible
helmet and the inner surface of the rigid shell.
Inventors: |
Aileo; Jackson Anthony
(Carbondale, PA) |
Assignee: |
Gentex Corporation (Lackawanna,
PA)
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Family
ID: |
22889577 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/236,456 |
Filed: |
March 20, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
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88823 |
Nov 12, 1970 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
2/423; 2/909 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B
3/10 (20130101); F41H 1/08 (20130101); Y10S
2/909 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A42B
3/10 (20060101); A42B 3/04 (20060101); A42b
003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;2/6,3,4,5,195,202,205,209 ;179/156R,156A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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1,230,574 |
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Apr 1960 |
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FR |
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1,100,162 |
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Apr 1955 |
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FR |
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Primary Examiner: Boler; James R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Henry L. Shenier et al.
Parent Case Text
This is a division of U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 88,823, filed
Nov. 12, 1970.
Claims
I claim:
1. An assembly for protecting the head of a wearer and for
excluding extraneous sound from the wearer's ears including in
combination, a flexible helmet adapted to fit relatively closely to
the wearer's head, a pair of relatively rigid earcups supported on
said helmet adjacent to the wearer's ears, respective sealing means
around the periphery of said earcups adapted to engage the regions
of the wearer's head surrounding the ears and to form acoustical
seals therewith, a plurality of discrete bodies of energy-absorbing
material extending over the area of said helmet covering the
portion of the wearer's head outside said earcups and means for
individually supporting said bodies on said helmet to permit
relative movement therebetween to cause said helmet closely to
conform to the wearer's head to bring said sealing means into
engagement with the portion of the wearer's head around the
wearer's ear.
2. An assembly as in claim 1 in which said bodies comprise first
and second bodies extending from the front to the rear of the
helmet over the crown of the wearer's head and being arranged
symmetrically with reference to the fore-and-aft centerline of the
helmet.
3. An assembly as in claim 2 in which said bodies comprise
respective third and fourth bodies located at the sides of said
helmet alongside said first and second bodies.
4. An assembly as in claim 3 in which each of first and second
bodies extends downwardly over the back of the wearer's head.
5. An assembly as in claim 4 in which said third and fourth bodies
extend downwardly behind said earcups and over the mastoid
processes of the wearer's head.
6. An assembly as in claim 1 in which said supporting means
comprises pockets in said helmet for readily removably receiving
said bodies.
7. An assembly as in claim 1 in which said helmet is a fabric
envelope formed with pockets for receiving said bodies.
8. An assembly as in claim 1 in which each of said bodies has an
inner surface provided with protrusions for spacing said body from
the wearer's head.
9. An assembly as in claim 8 in which each of said bodies is formed
with ventilating holes extending from said inner surface to the
outer surface of said pad.
10. A protective headgear structure comprising a flexible
close-fitting helmet and means carried by said helmet for
protecting the head of a wearer against impacts, said protecting
means comprising at least two separate pads of energy-absorbing
material disposed side by side in position to protect the crown
portion of the wearer's head, and individually supported by said
helmet in a sufficiently spaced relation so as to be movable
relative to each other to conform to the size and shape of the
wearer's head, said helmet comprising a pair of outer panels of
flexible, yieldable netting extending side by side from a front
edge adjacent the wearer's forehead over the head to a rear edge at
the base of the wearer's skull, the netting of each of said outer
panels being biased with respect to the netting of the other outer
panel with warplike threads of the two nettings parallel at the
point of the common boundary of the outer panels adjacent the crown
of the wearer's head and intersecting elsewhere along that common
boundary at acute angles which increase from the crown toward both
extremities of the outer panels; side panels of relatively
inelastic but flexible material attached to the sides of said outer
panels adjacent the front and rear ends thereof; and a pair of
segments of flexible, yieldable netting respectively disposed
between the central portions of said side panels and said outer
panels, the netting of each said segment being biased with respect
to the netting of the adjacent outer panel with warplike threads of
the outer panel and segment nettings parallel adjacent the middle
of their common boundary and intersecting elsewhere along their
common boundary at acute angles which increase toward the
extremities thereof, said two pads respectively underlying said
outer panels, extendng from the front to the rear of the helmet in
generally parallel relation over the crown of the wearer's head on
opposite sides of the center line of said helmet, said headgear
including a second pair of pads respectively underlying said side
panels and the adjacent segments on opposite sides of said two
first-mentioned pads and curved to extend over and behind the ear
areas of the wearer's head, for protecting the opposite sides of
the head, said second pair of pads being individually supported by
said helmet in sufficiently spaced relation to said two
first-mentioned pads so as to be movable relative to said two
first-mentioned pads, a pair of earcups respectively mounted in
said side panels in position to enclose the wearer's ears, each of
said earcups comprising a rigid ellipsoidal cup having an opening
toward the wearer's ear, each of said earcups further having an
elliptically annular pad surrounding said opening for contact with
the wearer's head in surrounding relation to the ear; and wherein
said helmet further includes a nape strap, said nape strap
comprising a pair of overlapping strips secured to the rear outer
surface of said helmet and bearing on their facing surfaces a pair
of cooperating complementary pressure-actuable surface contact
fastening elements interengageable to hold said overlapping strips
together.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to protective headgear structures, and
particularly to headgear structures incorporating communiations
equipment such as a microphone and earphones and/or
sound-attenuating means for shielding the wearer's ears against
ambient noise. In a more particular sense, the invention is
directed to headgear structures comprising or including a flexible,
soft, close-fitting helmet. conforming heads shapes disclosed
Nos.
Personnel engaged in occupations involving exposure to high levels
of ambient noise are often provided with equipment for shielding
the ears against such noise and/or for permitting two-way voice
communication through earphones and microphones. Conveniently, the
sound-attenuating and/or communications equipment may be supported
on the user's head by means of a flexible, close-fitting fabric
helmet. Examples of such helmets, adapted to fit comfortably in
closely confoming relation to head of different shpaes and sizes,
are disxlosed in U. S. Pat. No. of Walter S. Finken and Jackson A.
Aileo, 2,810,022 and 2,871,484.
Soft helmets of the type described do not in themselves provide any
substantial measure of protection against bumps or other impacts on
the wearer's head, such as may be encountered by military tank
crewmen, aircraft carrier flight deck personnel, aircraft pilots,
and others. Heretofore, protection of the head against blows or
bumps has commonly been provided by a rigid shell helmet having a
flexible internal rigging for supporting the shell in spaced
relation to a wearer's head. Communications and/or
sound-attenuating equipment may be mounted directly within the
rigid shell, or alternatively the rigid shell may be placed on the
wearer's head over a soft helmet as shown and described in the
aforementioned patents.
In some instances, however, it is desirable to use a more or less
flexible headgear even under circumstances presenting a substantial
hazard of injury to the head from bumps or other impacts. Flexible
headgear structures have been proposed having a lining of
energy-absorbent material, but these structures have not been
capable of fitting closely a variety of different head sizes, and
have not been adapted to permit ventilation of the helmet interior
as desired for comfort of the wearer.
Especially from the standpoint of convenience and economy in
manufacture, it is desirable to provide in a single headgear
structure the capability of fitting closely and comfortably a
variety of different sizes and shapes of heads. It is also
desirable to provide a headgear structure capable of ready
modification by the wearer for use under a variety of different
conditions, e.g. conditions requiring protection of the head
against different types of impacts. Further, it is desirable to
provide in any type of headgear structure adequate ventilation for
the head. The known types of flexible helmets do not in general
provide all of these desired features.
Another difficulty heretofore encountered in the provision of
headgear-supported communications equipment is that the switch
employed to enable selective use of different modes of
communication (e.g. local communication over wires and
longer-distance communication by radio) has been bulky, cumbersome
and at the same time inadequately protected against damage from
ambient conditions such as moisture. A commonly used type of switch
is enclosed in a housing that is sometimes mounted on one side of
the helmet, but the weight of this housing tends to unbalance the
helmet on the head and in addition the housing does not provide a
waterproof seal. Compactness in design of such a switch, and its
incorporation into a headgear structure having the aforementioned
desired characteristics, together with adequate protection of the
switch against moisture, would be very advantageous.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention broadly contemplates the provision of a
headgear structure for protection against impacts and noise
comprising in combination a flexible fabric envelope shaped to
extend over a wearer's head, one or more bodies of flexible
impact-resistant material disposed within the envelope for
protecting at least a portion of the head, a substantially rigid
earcup secured to the envelope in position to surround an ear of
the wearer, and a body of sound-attenuating material disposed
within the earcup. The body or bodies of impact-resistant material
may be one or more energy-absorbing pads inserted between inner and
outer fabric layers constituting the envelope.
In one particular aspect, the invention contemplates the provision
of a protective headgear structure comprising a flexible
close-fitting helmet and means carried by the helmet for protecting
the head of a wearer against impacts, wherein the protecting means
includes at least two separate pads of energy-absorbing material
disposed side by side in position to protect the crown portion of
the wearer's head and individually supported by the helmet in a
sufficiently spaced relation so as to be movable relative to each
other to conform to the size and shape of the wearer's head.
In specific embodiments, the two pads may extend from the front to
the rear of the helmet in generally parallel relation over the
crown of the head on opposite sides of the center line of the
helmet. In addition, the structure may include a further pair of
pads, repsectively disposed on opposite sides of the two
first-mentioned pads and curved to extend over and behind the ear
areas of the wearer's head, for protecting the opposite sides of
the head. This second pair of pads, like the two first-mentioned
pads, are individually supported by the helmet in sufficiently
spaced relation to the first-mentioned pads so as to be movable
relative to the first-mentioned pads. Such provision of plural pads
separately mounted on a flexible helmet facilitates the fitting of
the helmet in comfortable and conforming relation to heads of a
variety of different shapes and sizes, while affording desired
protection for the head.
In accordance with further particular features of the invention, at
least the central portion of the helmet may comprise an outer layer
of open mesh or netting (made of synthetic or natural fibers)
overlying the two first-mentioned pads, and may further include a
second layer of open mesh or netting underlying those pads, the
pads being held between the inner and outer layers, which may be
stitched together along seams extending between the pads to form
separate pockets for the pads. Such use of netting material in the
helmet affords ventilation of the helmet interior as desired for
the wearer's comfort. To aid further in ventilation, the pads
themselves may be perforated and/or may be provided with an inner
surface configuration that provides ventilation spaced or channels
between the pads and the wearer's head so that air may pass through
such channels and thence outwardly through the netting of the
helmet between and/or through the perforations of the pads.
The pads may be fabricated of a resilient energy-absorbing material
adapted to protect the head against bumps or other impacts with
relatively flat or smooth objects. For protection against impacts
with sharp objects or shrapnel, the pads may also comprise or
include one or more layers of a flexible ballistic material, such
as a multiple ply interwoven and/or laminated ballistic fabric, for
example a fabric of the type disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 2,816,578.
In one embodiment, each pad comprises a multiple ply layer of
ballistic fabric bonded to the outer or inner surface (preferably
the outer surface) of a layer of resilient energy-absorbing
material.
In embodiments of the invention wherein the pads are held in
pockets formed by inner and outer layers of fabric (such as
netting) stitched together at seams between the pads, the inner
layer of each pocket may be slit at its central portion to enable
removal and replacement of the pads, which are sufficiently
flexible to be inserted or removed through such slits. Thus for
example, pads comprising a layer of resilient energy-absorbing
material alone may be used interchangeably with pads including or
comprising a layer of flexible ballastic material to provide
different protective characteristics for the helmet under different
conditions of employment.
As a still further particular feature of the invention, the helmet
itself may be of the general type disclosed in U. S. Pat. No.
2,810,022, and may include a pair of outer panels of flexible and
more or less yieldable netting extending side by side from a front
edge adjacent the wearer's forehead over the head to a rear edge at
the base of the wearer's skull, the netting of each of the outer
panels being biased with respect to the netting of the other such
panel with the warplike threads of the two nettings parallel at
that point of the common boundary of the outer panels adjacent the
crown of the wearer's head and intersecting elsewhere along that
common boundary at acute angles which increase from the crown
toward both extremities of the outer panels. The helmet may further
include side panels of relatively inelastic but flexible material
such as a fabric, attached to the sides of the aforementioned outer
panels of netting adjacent the front and rear ends thereof, and a
pair of segments of flexible, more or less yieldable netting
between the central portions of the side panels and the
aforementioned outer panels, the netting of each segment being
biased with respect to the netting of the adjacent outer panel,
with the warplike threads of the outer panel and segment nettings
parallel adjacent the middle of their common boundary and
intersecting elsewhere along their common boundary at acute angles
which increase toward both extremities thereof. A visor panel of
fabric extends across the front of the helmet for engaging the
wearer's forehead.
The outer panels, segments and side panels just described together
constitute the outer layer of material of the helmet, and the inner
layer is provided by inner central and side panels of flexible and
more or less yieldable netting respectively underlying and stitched
to the outer panels and slit to form pockets for receiving the
energy-absorbing pads. The visor strip of the helmet is similarly
fabricated of a double layer of netting slit on its inner surface
to form a pocket for receiving a brow pad of energy-absorbing
material to protect the wearer's forehead.
A pair of rigid earcups each having a generally ellipsoidal outer
wall and having an inward opening shaped and disposed to receive
the wearer's ear are respectively mounted in elliptical openings in
the two side panels, in such manner as to be adjustable in angular
orientation relative to the panels for optimum comfort and close
fit. The helmet may further include a nape strap comprising a pair
of flexible strips stitched to the rear surface of the helmet and
having overlapping free ends respectively bearing cooperating,
complementary pressure-actuable surface contact fastening
elements.
In this structure, the bias cut of the outer panels and netting
segments of the helmet provides desired conformity and close fit of
the elmet to different shapes and sizes of heads, and the
individual mounting of the energy-absorbing pads already described
affords protection of the wearer's head in a manner that does not
interfere with the action of the biased netting panels and segments
in providing the desired close fit. The nape strap permits ready
adjustment of the helmet size to a particular wearer's head.
Preferably, for optimum closeness of fit and securing of the
earcups in closely conforming relation to the ear areas of the
wearer's head, the two strips comprising the nape strap slope
slightly upwardly toward each other. The particular fastening
elements used to secure the overlapping ends of the strips permit
such upwardly sloping disposition of the strips.
Each earcup preferably bears an elliptically annular pad
surrounding the earcup opening so as to engage the wearer's head
surface around the ear and form a sound-attenuating seal. These
earcups serve to shield the wearer's ears against ambient noise and
may also carry earphones for voice communication to the wearer. To
support the wire or wires interconnecting the two earphones, a flap
of material extends longitudinally along the rear lower edge of the
helmet and has a free longitudinal edge. This edge, and the inner
lower margin of the helmet, bear cooperating, complementary
fastening elements such that when the flap is folded over so that
its free edge engages the rear lower edge of the helmet, the flap
free edge is secured to the helmet and the flap itself forms a
pocket or channel for holding the wires that extend between the
earcups.
As a still further feature of the invention, the helmet may be
provided with a microphone and a switch enabling selective use of
the microphone and/or earphones for different modes of
communication. The switch may be mounted in a watertight
compartment within one of the earcups and may have a movable switch
lever or knob disposed on the outer surface of that earcup.
If desired, a rigid protective shell may be mounted over the
described helmet and secured thereto as by means of snap fasteners.
The crown portions of the outer surface of the flexible helmet and
the inner surface of the rigid shell may bear cooperating,
complementary pressure-actuable surface contact fastening elements
that serve, when pressed together, to secure the flexible helmet to
the rigid shell in a stable position.
Further features and advantages of the invention will be apparent
from the detailed description hereinbelow set forth, together with
the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a headgear structure
embodying the present invention in a particular form;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken along the line 4--4 of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary view, partly broken away, taken along the
line 5--5 of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken along the line 6--6 of
FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken along the line 7--7 of
FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 1, showing a rigid shell mounted
on the headgear structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a side elevational view of the structure of FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged fragmentary view taken along the line 10--10
of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly broken away, of one
form of energy-absorbing pad embodying particular features of the
present invention;
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary view, partly broken away, of an
alternative form of energy-absorbing pad in accordance with the
invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken along the
line 13--13 of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a front elevational view of the earcups and associated
communications equipment incorporated in the structures of FIGS. 1
and 8;
FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view of one earcup, taken along
the line 15--15 of FIG. 14; and
FIG. 16 is an enlarged sectional view of the same earcup, taken
along the line 16--16 of FIG. 14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawings, the invention is illustrated an embodied
in a helmet particularly adapted for use by military tank crewmen
or others (e.g. aircraft carrier flight deck personnel) engaged in
occupations involving exposure to relatively high levels of ambient
noise and at least some hazard of bumps or other impacts on the
head. The structure shown broadly includes a soft, flexible
close-fitting helmet 10 carrying a plurality of individually
supported energy-absorbing pads and a pair of sound-attenuating
earcups 16, 17.
As particularly shown in FIGS. 1 - 7, the helmet 10 includes a pair
of central outer panels 19 and 20, a pair of side panels 22 and 23
and a pair of segments 25 and 26 respectively disposed between the
middle portions of the side panels and the middle portions of the
adjacent central panels. The central panels 19, 20 and the segments
25, 26 are formed of a flexible and more or less yieldable or
elastic netting, such as nylon mesh, while the side panels 22 and
23 may be formed of a suitable closely woven, substantially
inelastic fabric.
The two central outer panels 19 and 20 extend in side-by-side
relation from the forward edge of the helmet over the crown of the
wearer's head to the rearward edge of the helmet, being joined at a
seam 28 which extend along the fore and aft center line of the
helmet. A tape 30, of inelastic woven fabric, is stitched over the
seam 28 and extends along that seam from the front to the rear of
the helmet.
The panel 19 is joined to the segment 25 and to the forward and
rearward portions of the side panel 22 (which portions meet the
panel 19 respectively forwardly and rearwardly of the segment 25)
along a single continuous fore and aft seam 32 which is covered
externally by a tape 33 similar to the tape 30. The segment 25 is
joined to the side panel 22 along a seam 34 which is likewise
covered by a fabric tape 35. On the right-hand side of the helmet,
the central panel 20, side panel 23 and segment 26 are joined in
the same manner as the corresponding elements on the left-hand side
of the helmet described above.
Another tape 37 extends around the periphery of the helmet, being
stitched to the forward edges of panels 19 and 20, the forward,
lower and rear edges of panel 22, the rear edges of panels 19 and
20, and the rear, lower and forward edges of panel 23. The front
edges of panels 22, 19, 20 and 23 have a continuous arcuate contour
so that the tape 37 recedes somewhat above the wearer's forehead
toward the crown of the head. A gore 38 is attached to the tape 37
so as to extend across the wearer's forehead. The gore 38 has an
arcuate upper edge to correspond with the edge of tape 16, while
its lower edge is substantially straight.
A nape strap 40 extends across the outer rear surface of the helmet
between the side panels 22 and 23 at the base of the wearer's
skull. This nape strap, hereinafter further described, is
adjustable in effective length for varying the head size of the
helmet. Heavy leather segments 42 are attached to the forward
portions of the side panels 22 and 23 and are provided with snap
fasteners 43 to which may be attached a generally conventional chin
strap 45 for aiding in securing the helmet to the head, if desired.
The snap fasteners 43 may also be utilized for attachment of
auxiliary equipment such as an oxygen mask or the like.
It should be noted that the nettings of the central panels 19 and
20 are cut on the bias with respect to each other so that the
warplike threads of the two nettings are parallel at that part of
the common boundary of the panels adjacent the crown of the
wearer's head, and that these warplike threads intersect elsewhere
along that common boundary at actue angles which increase toward
both the forward and rearward extremities of the central panels.
Similarly, the warplike threads in the segments 25 and 26 are
parallel to the adjacent central panel threads at a locality near
the crown of the head and these threads intersect at increasing
angles from that locality toward both extremities of the segments.
The described bias cut arrangement and assembly of the central
panels and segments of the helmet affords desirably close
conformity of the helmet to the wearer's head and enables
attainment of such close fit on heads of various different shapes
and sizes.
The helmet as thus far described is generally similar in
construction and arrangement to that disclosed in the
aforementioned U. S. Pat. Nos. 2,810,022 and 2,871,484.
Each of the earcups 16 and 17 comprises a rigid, hollow and
generally ellipsoidal shell having an outer domed wall and bearing,
on its inner rim, an elliptically annular flange 47 (FIG. 16)
defining an opening positioned for register with the ear of the
wearer. Mounted on the flange 47, and extending inwardly therefrom
for contact with the wearer's head in the area surrounding the ear,
is a relatively soft resilient elliptically annular pad 48. When
the earcup is pressed against the head, the engagement of this pad
with the head forms a sound-attenuating seal around the ear. Thus
the earcup and pad constitute a structure for shielding the
wearer's ear from ambient noise.
The earcups 16 and 17 may be mounted in the side panels 22 and 23
in the manner disclosed in U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,005,203 and 3,190,973.
As best seen in FIG. 3, the side panel 16 has an elliptical opening
50 for receiving the earcup. A pair of parallel flanges 52,
extending around the earcup 16 and formed integrally therewith,
define a channel into which is inserted the edge of the panel 22
around the opening 50. The panel edge that is inserted into this
channel may be of double thickness and/or may be reinforced with a
resilient wire or like element 54 to aid in holding the earcup in
place. This engagement of the panel 22 with the channel formed
between flanges 52 secures the earcup to the helmet and also
retains the earcup in any selected annular position relative to the
panel 22 but permits manual rotation of the earcup relative to the
panel so as to permit orientation of the earcup in the position
most comfortable for the wearer. As will be clear from FIG. 3, the
earcup 17 is mounted in the side panel 23 in the same manner, the
pads 48 of both earcups facing inwardly toward the wearer's head.
In assembling the helmet, the earcups are initially placed within
the helmet and are then pushed outwardly through the opening 50 in
panel 22 and the corresponding opening in panel 23 until the
opening-defining edges of the respective panels are received within
the channels formed by the earcup flanges.
The central panels 19 and 20, side panels 22 and 23, and segments
25 and 26 together constitute the outer layer of the helmet 10. In
accordance with the invention, in its illustrated embodiment, the
helmet further includes an inner layer comprising panels of a
flexible and more or less yieldable or elastic netting (which may
be the same netting material as that used in the panels 19 and 20
and segments 25 and 26) stitched to the outer layer of the helmet
and extending over substantailly the entire interior of the helmet.
As hereinafter described, the inner and outer layers cooperatively
constitute an envelope for receiving energy-absorbing pads.
Specifically, there are provided two central inner panels 56 and
57, each fabricated of the described netting material and
respectively underlying the central outer panels 19 and 20. Each of
the central inner panels comprises two separate pieces of netting
material; thus panel 57 comprises a first piece 57a extending from
the forward edge of the helmet upwardly to the crown thereof, and a
second piece 57b extending from the crown of the helmet to the rear
edge, inwardly of and immediately beneath the outer panel 20. The
forward margin of piece 57a is stitched to the tape 37 beneath the
forward edge of panel 20, and the side edges of piece 57a are
respectively stitched to the outer panel 20 along the longitudinal
seams at which the panel 20 is stitched to panels 19 and 23. The
rear edge of piece 57a at the crown of the helmet is free and
overlies the similarly free forward edge of the rear piece 57b. The
side edges of piece 57b are stitched to the aforementioned
longitudinal seams, and the rear edge of piece 57b is stitched to
the tape 37 inwardly of the rear edge of panel 20. The two pieces
57a and 57b, together comprising the inner panel 57, cooperate with
the superadjacent outer panel 20 to define a pocket 58 for
receiving an energy-absorbing pad as hereinafter described. Access
to the interior of this pocket is provided thorugh the slit 59
defined between the rear edge of piece 57a and the forward edge of
piece 57b within the helmet. As most clearly seen in FIG. 4, the
slit 59 extends transversely of the fore and aft center line of the
helmet.
The central inner panel 56 is similarly constituted of forward and
rearward pieces underlying the forward and rearward portions of the
outer panel 19, and assembled in the same manner as pieces 57a and
57b so as to cooperate with the panel 19 to define a pocket 60 for
receiving an energy-absorbing pad, access to the pocket being
provided by a central transverse slit similar to slit 59 between
the forward and rearward pieces comprising panel 56 on the inside
of the helmet.
The inner layer of the helmet additionally includes a pair of side
panels 62 and 63 also fabricated on the aforementioned netting
material and respectively disposed on opposite sides of the central
inner panels 56 and 57. The right-hand side panel 63, as best seen
in FIGS. 3 and 4, underlies the right-hand outer side panel 23 and
the right-hand segment 26, extending over and behind the opening
for the earcup 17 in side panel 23. Like panels 56 and 57, the
inner side panel 63 consists of two separate pieces 63a and 63b.
Panel piece 63a extends from the forward edge of the helmet to a
locality above the earcup 17, being secured to the tape 37 at its
forward edge. One side edge of the panel piece 63a is secured to
the seam joining the central outer panel 20 to the side panel 23
and segment 26, while the other side edge of the panel piece 63a is
secured to a seam extending along the edge of the earcup opening in
panel 23. The rearward edge of piece 63a is free and abuts or
overlies the similarly free forward edge of the panel piece 63b.
Piece 63b extends rearwardly from piece 63a to the rear edge of the
helmet, having opposite side edges respectively stitched to the
last-mentioned seams. The rearward edge of panel piece 63b is
stitched to the tape 37. The panel 63, in cooperation with the
panel 23 and segment 26, defines a pocket 64 for receiving an
energy-absorbing pad, this pocket being accessible through the slit
65 defined between the adjacent free edges of the panel pieces 63a
and 63b.
The left-hand inner side panel 62 is constructed and arranged in
the same manner as the panel 63, comprising forward and rear panel
pieces which cooperate with the outer side panel 22 and the segment
25 to define a pocket 66, accessible through a slit defined between
the adjacent free edges of the panel pieces, for receiving an
energy-absorbing pad.
The pieces comprising the inner panels 56, 57, 62 and 63 are also
preferably bias cut in a manner similar to the outer panels 19 and
20 so that along the seam connecting the side edges of any two
adjacent panel pieces (such as the forward panel piece 63a and the
adjacent forward panel piece of panel 62), warplike threads of the
adjacent panle pieces are substantially parallel to each other at a
central portion of the seam and intersect elsewhere along the
common seam at acute angles which increase toward both the forward
and rearward extremities of the adjacent panel pieces.
Further in accordance with the invention, a pair of
energy-absorbing pads 67 and 68 are respectively contained within
the two central pockets 60 and 58 of the helmet structure. Each of
these pads may be an elongated strip of a suitable energy-absorbing
material such as a slowly resilient expanded vinyl extending from
the front to the rear of the helmet over the crown of the wearer's
head, the pads being disposed in substantially parallel relation on
opposite sides of the fore and aft center line of the helmet and
spaced apart by the seam 28 that divides the two pockets 58 and 60.
Two further pads 70 and 71, of the same material as pads 67 and 68,
are respectively contained in the side pockets 66 and 64, for
protecting the sides of the wearer's head against impacts. As
particularly shown in FIG. 4, the right-hand side pad 71 extends
from a locality forwardly of the earcup 17 over and behind that
earcup, having a progressively decreasing width from front to rear.
This pad is spaced away from the adjacent central pad 68 by the
seam which separates the pockets 58 and 64. The pad 70 on the
left-hand side of the helmet is similarly shaped and similarly
disposed in relation to the earcup 16 and pad 67.
The gore 38 is fabricated of the same netting material as the
panels 19 and 20 and forms a pocket for receiving a lune-shaped
energy-absorbing pad 73 having a curved upper edge conforming to
the contour of the tape 37 above the wearer's forehead. The pad 73
is inserted in this pocket through a slit 74 (FIG. 5) formed on the
inner side of the gore. Conveniently the pad 73 is formed of the
same material as the pads 67, 68, 70 and 71, and serves to protect
the wearer's forehead against impacts.
The pads 67, 68, 70, 71 and 73, in their described disposition,
provide effective protection of the crown, sides and rear and
forward portions of the wearer's head against bumps or other
impacts. At the same time, because they are individually supported
in separate pockets and spaced in relation to each other so as to
be movable relative to each other, the helmet readily conforms to
heads of a variety of different shapes and sizes; i.e., the pads,
being relatively movable, do not interfere with the effect of the
bias-cut arrangement of panels 19 and 20 and segments 25 and 26 in
providing desired close conformity of the helmet to heads of
different shapes and sizes.
Precise fit of the helmet on a particular wearer's head is achieved
through adjustment of the nape strap 40. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6,
this nape strap comprises two strips 76 and 77, respectively
stitched to the side panels 22 and 23 and extending toward each
other from the side panels across the rear outer surface of the
helmet. The two strips bear on their facing surfaces a pair of
cooperating complementary pressure-actuable surface contact
fastening elements 78 and 79, one of these elements comprising a
continuous plurality of small flexible hooks and the other
comprising a continuous plurality of small flexible loops
engageable by the hooks. Such fastening elements are commercially
available under the trade name "Velcro." The two strips 76 and 77
have overlapping free ends which are secured to each other by
interengagement of the fastening elements 78, 79. The effective
length of the nape strap may be varied, to adjust the size of the
helmet, by varying the extent of overlap of the two strips; the
fastening elements are of the type that permits continuous
variation in effective length of the nape strap over a substantial
range of dimensions.
With the helmet placed on the head and the nape strap properly
adjusted (preferably in such manner that the two strips 76 and 77
slant slightly upwardly toward each other as shown in FIG. 6), the
helmet closely conforms to the head of the wearer and the two
earcups are pressed lightly but firmly against the wearer's head so
that the earcup pads 48 are in sealing contact with the head as
desired to shield the wearer's ears from ambient noise. If desired,
a chin strap 45 may be fastened to the snap fasteners 43 to aid in
holding the helmet on the head, but the chin strap is not necessary
to provide the desired confortable but yet closely conforming fit
of the helmet on the head.
The use of netting to constitute the inner layer of the helmet
(i.e., panels 56, 57, 62 and 63) as well as the outer panels 19 and
20 and segments 25 and 26, affords ventilation of the helmet
interior, further contributing to the comfort of the wearer. To aid
in such ventilation, each of the energy-absorbing pads 67, 68, 70,
71 and 73 may be perforated, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 5. These
perforations 80 permit passage of air through as well as between
the pads.
For still further aid in ventilation, the inner surfaces of the
energy-absorbing pads may be shaped or lined in such manner as to
provide air passages between the pads and the wearer's head. For
example, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, each of the pads may bear on
its inner surface a lining or layer 82 of a flexible material, such
as urethane film, having molded therein an array of small flexible
protrusions 83 which serve to hold the pads spaced away from the
wearer's head, providing spaces 84 for flow of air between the head
and the pads. Thus, air can circulate through the spaces 84 and
thence out through the perforations 80 and the spaces between
adjacent pads for ventilation.
The energy-absorbing pads described above provide effective
protection of the head against bumps or other impacts with
relatively smooth, e.g. flat, objects. However, for use under
circumstances presenting a hazard of impacts from relatively sharp
objects, the pads may comprise or include a layer of flexible
ballistic material, such as the multiple ply laminated ballistic
cloth disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 2,816,578. For example, a layer
86 of this ballistic cloth may be bonded to one surface (preferably
the outer surface) of each of the energy-absorbing pads, as shown
in FIGS. 12 and 13. Pads of the type shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 may
be used interchangeably with pads e.g. of the type shown in FIGS.
10 and 11, depending on the particular hazards expected to be
encountered by the wearer. The slits in the pockets that hold the
pads permit removal and replacement of the pads either for
substituting by other pads having different protective
characteristics or for other purposes, the pads being sufficiently
flexible so as to be readily removable and insertable through these
slits. At the same time, owing to the central position of the slits
in the pockets, the pads when inserted cannot become accidentally
dislodged from the pockets.
In addition to the foregoing features, the helmet supports
equipment for two-way voice communication, including a microphone
90 and a pair of earphones or receivers 92 repsectively mounted
within the earcups 16 and 17. As particularly shown in FIG. 16, the
receiver 92 is disposed within the interior of the earcup 17 and is
surrounded and backed by cushions 93, 94 also contained within the
interior of the cup and fabricated of a suitable sound-absorbent
material such as a foam plastic material. The receiver faces the
wearer's ear so that he can hear voice communication through it. A
similar receiver is mounted in the same manner in the left-hand
earcup 16. The microphone 90 is carried on a boom 96 which is
adjustably secured as by a clamp 97 to the external surface of the
earcup 16 so as to be positioned forwardly of the wearer's
mouth.
A switch 98 for controlling the communications equipment is housed
within the interior of the right-hand earcup 17, between the
receiver 92 and the external wall of the earcup. The switch
mechanism itself may, for example, be of a generally conventional
type known as a double pole double throw switch including plural
fixed and movable contacts having three positions. For instance,
the switch may have a first position connecting the equipment for
radio communication, a second position connecting the equipment for
local phone communication (i.e., over wires, as between tank
crewmen within the same vehicle), and an intermediate position
which permits the wearer to monitor both the radio and the local
phone communications systems. Appropriate connections are made from
the switch to the receivers 92 and microphone 90, and to an
external jack 100 which is carried on an extended lead 102 for
insertion into external communications apparatus.
The switch contacts are contained within a recess 104 formed within
the interior of the earcup 17, in the rear wall thereof. A cover
plate 105, secured to the earcup as by screws 106, extends over the
recess 104 to enclose the switch contacts. a gasket 108, received
within a groove 109 formed around the mouth of the recess 104, is
pressed between the cover plate and the earcup shell to provide a
seal for protection of the enclosed switch contacts from moisture.
In addition, the joint between the cover plate and the earcup wall
may be covered with a waterproofing material 110, such as a
microcrystalline wax that remains stable at the temperatures
encountered in use, to provide further assured protection of the
switch contacts against moisture.
An axially rotatable shaft 112, connected to the movable switch
contacts, projects outwardly through a bore 114 in the earcup wall.
Mounted on the outer extremity of this shaft is a knob 116 which is
disposed outwardly of the external surface of the earcup but in
closely adjacent relation thereto so as to prevent objects from
snagging under the knob. Change in switch positions is effected by
manual turning of the knob by the wearer.
The described switch assembly, contained within the earcup 17, is
highly compact, light in weight, and protected against damage by
the elements.
Heretofore, receivers in helmet earcups have conventionally been
low impedance dynamic earphones, i.e., having an impedance very
much lower than that required for impedance matching with the
external circuit to which the earphones are connected. Impedance
matching has been achieved by incorporating with the earphones a
suitable transformer commonly located either on the external lead
from the earphones or in a switch box assembly mounted on one side
of the helmet. Presence of the bulky transformer on the helmet or
the lead is awkward and inconvenient.
In the structure of the present invention, it is preferred to use
as the receivers 92 dynamic earphones having a relatively high
impedance selected to match the impedance of the circuit to which
the earphones are connected, thereby obviating the use of an
impedance matching transformer. For example, high-impedance dynamic
earphones may be used to constitute a headset having an impedance
of about 1,000 ohms, far higher than the conventional impedance of
dynamic earphones. The use of such high impedance earphones and the
consequent elimination of the transformer contribute to the
realization of the advantages (i.e., with respect to compact
construction and elimination of bulky external elements) afforded
by provision of the switch 98 within the earcup 17. That is to say,
because the switch assembly need not be associated with a
transformer, both the switch assembly and a high-impedance receiver
or earphone can readily be mounted in an earcup without impairment
of the sound attenuation capability of the earcup.
The wires leading from the switch contacts to the receiver 92
within earcup 17 are themselves entirely contained within the
earcup. The wires leading to the corresponding receiver in the
earcup 16, and to the microphone supported by earcup 16, are
contained in a common flexible sheath 118 that extends outwardly
from earcup 17 through a grommet 119 and thence across the rear of
the helmet to the earcup 16, entering that earcup through a further
grommet 120. The microphone wires are connected to a socket 121
opening through the outer wall of the earcup 16 and adapted to
receive a plug 122 which is connected by a lead 123 to the
microphone 90. This wiring arrangement permits the microphone to be
disconnected and detached from the helmet if desired.
The wires in sheath 118 are supported on the helmet within an
elongated and open-ended pocket 125 that extends along the inner
rear margin of the helmet. As best seen in FIG. 7, this pocket
comprises a flap 126 of a suitable woven fabric that is stitched to
the inner rear surface of the helmet adjacent the rear edge of the
helmet so as to extend longitudinally along that edge. The flap 126
has a free longitudinal edge. The facing surfaces of the free edge
of the flap and the inner rear low margin of the helmet bear
cooperating, complementary pressure-actuable surface contact
fastening elements 128, 129 (e.g. made of the same material as the
fastening elements 78 and 79 described above) which interengage
when the flap is folded over, to secure the flap free edge to the
rear lower edge of the helmet and thus to provide the pocket
125.
This arrangement facilitates assembly of the helmet since the wires
in sheath 118 may be permanently mounted to the earcups before the
earcups are themselves mounted in the helmet. As already mentioned,
the earcups are inserted outwardly through the openings in the side
panels 22 and 23; thus if the wires are preconnected to the
earcups, the sheath must be supported along the inner surface of
the helmet. The sheath is simply placed within the pocket while the
flap is open, and the flap is then folded over and secured to the
helmet inner edge as descirbed, to hold the sheath securely in
place.
For some purposes, it is desirable to provide, as further
protection for the head, a rigid outer helmet shell. Desirably, the
shell should be readily attachable and removable so as to permit
use of the helmet with or without the protective outer shell. For
example, when the helmet is used by a military tank crewmen, it may
be worn without the rigid shell when the wearer is within a tank,
and the shell may be placed on the helmet for added protection
during excursions of the wearer outside the vehicle.
One suitable form of rigid shell, designated 130, is shown in FIGS.
8 and 9. This shell may be molded of a polycarbonate resin, or it
may be fabricated of a suitable laminate or other material
conventionally employed for rigid helmet shells. In the form shown,
the shell 130 is shaped to extend over the crown of the wearer's
head, having front and rear edges conforming generally in position
to the front and rear edges of the helmet 10, but having side
margins shaped to expose the earcups 16 and 17. Adjacent the
opposite sides of its front edge, the shell bears a pair of
flexible straps 132 each carrying a snap fastener 133 adapted to
interengage with one of the snap fasteners 43 on the adjacent
leather segment 42 of the helmet 10. Stitched to the rear of the
helemt 10 is an elastic strap 134 bearing at its outer end a snap
fastener 135 which engages with a cooperating fastener element 136
mounted on the rear outer surface of the shell 130. The three
straps just described, with their associated snap fasteners,
provide a secure three-point connection of the rigid shell to the
flexible helmet.
To stabilize the position of the rigid shell and flexible helmet, a
pair of cooperating, complementary pressure-actuable surface
contact fastening elements 138 and 139 (which, again, may be of the
same material as the elements 78 and 79 described above) are
respectively stitched to the outer surface of crown of the helmet
10 and bonded to the inner surface of the shell 130 so as to
interengage, when pressed together, to secure the crown of the
helmet 10 in fixed position relative to the shell 130.
For simplicity of illustration, the male snap fastener elements
shown in the drawings, e.g. at 43 and 136 are represented as
associated with single female snap fastener elements carried on
parts of the structure which are to be secured to the parts bearing
the male fasteners. However, in place of the single female fastener
elements, double sets of female snap fastener elements may be
employed to further enhance the adjustability of the various
interconnecting parts of the structure.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the
features and embodiments hereinabove specifically set forth but may
be carried out in other ways without departure from its spirit.
* * * * *