U.S. patent number 3,784,257 [Application Number 05/226,814] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for steering system for a tunnel boring machine.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Atlas Copco Aktiebolag. Invention is credited to Josef Birrer, Ernst Abraham Lauber.
United States Patent |
3,784,257 |
Lauber , et al. |
January 8, 1974 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
STEERING SYSTEM FOR A TUNNEL BORING MACHINE
Abstract
A tunnel boring machine having a large rotary boring head
carried by a main frame which consists of a forward portion and a
rear portion, the two portions being hinged together so as to
provide for the lateral steering. Power actuated clutches are
provided for locking the hinge connection. A bar of the rear frame
portion extends rearwards and it is slidably guided in an anchoring
device so that the vertical steering can be effected by raising and
lowering the slide in the anchoring device. The machine is
advanced, and steered laterally as well, by means of two hydraulic
jacks connected between the anchoring device and the forward frame
portion.
Inventors: |
Lauber; Ernst Abraham (Thun,
CH), Birrer; Josef (Thun, CH) |
Assignee: |
Atlas Copco Aktiebolag (Nacka,
SW)
|
Family
ID: |
22850526 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/226,814 |
Filed: |
February 16, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
299/31;
175/76 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21D
9/1093 (20130101); E21D 9/116 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21D
9/10 (20060101); E21D 9/11 (20060101); E01g
003/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;299/31 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Eric Y. Munson et al.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. In a tunnel boring maching: a main frame having a front portion
and a rear portion, a head rotatably mounted in said front frame
portion adapted to rotate about a central longitudinal axis of said
front frame portion, cutting devices mounted on said head for
cutting into the face of the tunnel, means for supporting the front
frame portion in the tunnel, a vertical joint located rearwardly of
the said supporting means and interconnecting the rear end of the
front frame portion and the front end of the rear frame portion so
as to permit a swinging movement between the two portions only
about a vertical axis, a longitudinal slideway on said rear frame
portion located rearwardly of said vertical joint, a power actuated
anchoring device arranged to be immobilized in the tunnel and
provided with pivotably mounted guide means for guiding said
slideway, said guide means permitting longitudinal movement of the
slideway but restraining the slideway vertically, laterally and
torquewise, motor means for displacing said guide means vertically
with respect to the anchoring device to provide for the vertical
steering of the machine, double acting power jack means connected
between the anchoring device and the rear end of the front frame
portion for displacing said vertical joint sidewise in the tunnel
to thereby turn said slideway and said guide means in the pivotal
mounting of the latter to provide for the lateral steering of the
machine, and power actuated locking means for locking said vertical
joint to interlock said front and rear frame portions in various
relative angular positions to thereby permit said double acting
jack means to advance the main frame with respect to said anchoring
device.
2. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 1, in which the
locking means comprises at least one power actuated notch-and-wedge
friction clutch.
3. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 2, in which the
friction clutch is actuated by means of a double-acting hydraulic
jack over a force amplifying linkage system.
4. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 1, in which said
anchoring device has two diametrically opposite gripper shoes for
engagement with the tunnel wall and hydraulic jacks for pressing
the shoes against the wall.
5. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 1, in which means is
arranged for supporting the rear frame portion when said anchoring
device is released.
6. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 4, in which a pair
of hydraulic jacks are arranged for supporting the rear frame
portion when said gripper shoes of the anchoring device are
released.
7. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 1, in which said
means for supporting the front frame portion is an arc-formed shoe
sliding on the tunnel bottom.
8. A tunnel boring machine as claimed in claim 1, in which a
conveyor frame is pivotally connected as a pull bar between the
front frame portion and a trailer located behind the rear frame
portion, said conveyor frame extending under said anchoring device.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a tunneling machine which travels
progressively into the tunnel being bored by its large rotary head.
In particular, the invention relates to a machine which has an
anchoring device that is arranged to be braced firmly in the
tunnel. The main frame carries the rotary head and has a rearwardly
extending portion with slideways which slide longitudinally in a
guiding member of the anchoring device. Advancing of the machine is
effected by moving the main frame with respect to the anchoring
device, the latter being immobilized in the tunnel.
In a prior art machine, steering is effected by moving the guiding
member laterally and vertically in the anchoring device. Such a
prior art steering arrangement does not permit steering laterally
in curves of small radius, and it is an object of the invention to
provide a tunneling machine which has an improved and rigid
steering arrangement that permits the machine to travel along
lateral curves of relatively small radius.
The invention will now be described with reference to the
accompanying drawings in which a preferred embodiment of the
invention is shown by way of example.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of a tunneling machine,
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the machine;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan section on a larger scale than FIG.
2,
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary section on line 4--4 in FIG. 3, and
FIG. 5 is an enlarged transverse vertical section on line 5--5 in
FIGS. 1 and 2.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The tunneling machine has a main frame which consists of a front
portion 12 and a rear portion 13. The two frame portions 12, 13 are
hingedly connected by an upper hinge 14 and a lower hinge 15 for
pivoting about an axis I which is the common axis of the hinges. A
drum-like head 16 is journalled by means of a roller bearing 17 of
the crossed roller type in the front frame portion 12 and a motor
and gearing unit 18 is mounted so as to rotate the drum 16 by means
of a spur gear 19 meshing with an internally toothed ring gear 20
on the drum 16. The ring gear 20 consists of the inner race of the
roller bearing 17. The drum 16 is provided with four identical
cutting devices 21 each having a motor and gearing portion 22 for
rotating a cutter disk 23. The cutter disks have a number of main
cutters 24 with sintered carbide hard metal inserts and the outer
two disks have four finishing cutters 25 as well. The main frame
slides with an arcuate shoe 26 in the tunnel and when the drum 16
is advanced together with the main frame 12, 13 and at the same
time rotated, the cutter disks 23 also being rotated, the cutter
disks will undercut tangentially the rock along helical paths as
described in Wohlmeyer U.S. Pat. No. 2,758,825. However, the
inclinations of the cutting devices 21 with respect to the axis of
rotation of the drum 16 are exaggerated in the drawings. A conveyor
device -- shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 only and generally denoted by 28
-- comprises two endless scraper bands 29 partly surrounded by a
drum 30 from which dusty air is sucked through a suction pipe 31.
The conveyor 28 discharges onto a band conveyor 32 on a trailer 33.
The drum 30 of the conveyor 28 is pivotably fastened to the front
frame portion 12 and its rear end is supported by means of a slide
34 of the trailer. Thus, the drum 30 serves as a bar for pulling
the trailer 33. The conveyor 28 and the trailer 33 are not shown in
FIG. 2.
The rear frame portion 13 includes a box girder 35 which extends to
the rear. The box girder 35 is slidably guided by means of a guide
member 36, with replaceable inserts 36a, of an anchoring device 37.
The anchoring device 37 has two anchoring shoes 38, 39 which grip
the tunnel wall at diametrically opposite sides when forced
outwardly by means of individually controllable hydraulic jacks 40.
The anchoring shoes are mounted on the pistons 41 of the jacks 40
by means of ball-joint connections. The one of the jacks 40 which
actuates the anchoring shoe 39 is shown in FIG. 4 but the jack
which actuates the shoe 38 is not illustrated since the two jacks
are identical. When released, the shoes 38, 39 are held in upright
position by spring rods 45 which are firmly attached to the
respective shoe by one end and slidably connected to the housing of
the anchoring device by the other end. The guide member 36 is
mounted on a piston 42 which has two interior pressure chambers
43a, 43b separated by a stationary piston-like element 44. The
piston 42 is free to turn about its axis. The sliding connection
between the box-girder 35 and the guide member 36 transmits to the
anchoring device reaction torque loads created by the rotary motion
of the head 16. It is therefore important that the play in the
sliding connection is at a minimum and that the box-girder 35 is
stiff and torque resistant.
Two double-acting hydraulic advance jacks 46, 47 are connected
between the front frame 12 and the anchoring shoes 38, 39
respectively by means of ball-joints. The upper hinge 14, shown in
details in FIGS. 3 and 4, comprises a pivot 48 on which a plate 49
of the front frame portion 12 and two plates 50, 51 of the rear
frame portion 13 are pivotably mounted. The plate 49 ends in an
arcuate wedge 52. A clutch shoe 53 with an arcuate notch 54 is
guided against lateral movement by two supports 55, 56 on the rear
frame portion 13, and it can be actuated into firm engagement with
the wedge 52 by means of a double-acting hydraulic jack 57 over a
force amplifying link system with links 58-61. The links 58, 60 are
pivotably mounted on the rear frame portion 13, the links 59, 61
are pivotably mounted to the clutch shoe 53, and the jack 57 is
pivotably connected to pivots 62, 63 which connect the links 58, 60
with the links 59, 61 respectively. A power actuated clutch,
identical with the one described, is connected to the lower hinge
15.
The shoe 26 consists of an arcuate slide plate 64 with two upper
side frames 65, 66. The side frames 65, 66 are connected to the
front frame portion 12 by means of two rods 67, 68 having
ball-joint end connections (FIG. 3). The rear ends of the side
frames 65, 66 of the shoe 26 are connected by means of a distance
rod 69 which also has ball-joint end connections. The front frame
portion 12 has a horizontal distance bar 70 which is slidably
guided between the side frames 65, 66 of the shoe 26. The weight of
the forward part of the machine is transmitted to the side frames
65, 66 by means of two support brackets 71, 72 which are affixed on
the frame portion and rest on the spherical surfaces of two
semispherical slide blocks 73, 74 which are slidable with their
flat surfaces on the flat horizontal surfaces of the side frames
65, 66 of the shoe 26.
As previously described, the rear end of the main frame 12, 13 is
supported by the anchoring device 37. When the shoes 38, 39 of the
anchor-ing device are released, a pair of hydraulic jacks 75, 76
are used for supporting the frame 12, 13.
The operation of the machine will now be described:
With the head 16 and the cutter disks 23 rotating and with the
anchoring device 37 immobilized in the tunnel, the frame 12, 13 is
advanced by means of the advance jacks 46, 47 so that the machine
cuts its way forwards. When the advance jacks 46, 47 have been
extended a full stroke, the support jacks 75, 76 are actuated to
support the machine, and the anchoring device 37 is released,
pulled forwards by the advance jacks 46, 47 and again firmly braced
against the tunnel walls. Finally, the support jacks 75, 76 are
retracted. The machine is now ready for a new advance by
cutting.
Normally, the advance jacks 46, 47 are connected in parallel in the
same flow circuit, and the clutches 52, 53 are engaged to lock the
hinges 14, 15 so that the machine will cut in a straight path or in
a curved path with constant radius.
When it is desired to alter the path laterally, the clutches are
released and one of the advance jacks 46, 47 extended, the other
being free to retract or being positively retracted. When the
desired angle between the front frame portion 12 and the rear frame
portion 13 is reached, the clutches are again engaged to lock the
hinge 14, 15. The machine should be cutting during this steering
operation as well as during the vertical steering operation which
is effected by means of the piston 42.
The arrangement for connecting the frame portion 12 to the shoe 26
permits vertical steering because of the sliding connection between
the distance bar 70 and the side frames 65, 66 of the shoe 26.
Because of the elasticity in this arrangement, especially the
elasticity of the shoe and the play in the ball-joint connections,
the frame portion 12 can deviate laterally in the shoe. However,
the restoring forces on the frame portion 12 will be strong which
is desirable. Heavy Belleville-springs can be used instead of this
built-in elasticity.
The invention can be varied in many other ways within the scope of
the claims. The heat 16, for instance, can be provided with a large
number of conventional free-rotating roller bits or disk-cutters
instead of the cutting device 21.
* * * * *