U.S. patent number 3,783,847 [Application Number 05/312,445] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for engine spark control and exhaust gas recirculation vacuum signal selector.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Ford Motor Company. Invention is credited to Dale A. Kolody.
United States Patent |
3,783,847 |
Kolody |
January 8, 1974 |
ENGINE SPARK CONTROL AND EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION VACUUM SIGNAL
SELECTOR
Abstract
An engine emission control system includes exhaust gas
recirculating and engine spark timing devices each normally
connected respectively to axially spaced EGR and spark ports in the
carburetor induction passage above the closed position of the
throttle valve. Valving is provided under the control of
temperature changes and changes in the operation of the vehicle
transmission to at times switch the connections to the exhaust
recirculating device from EGR port to spark port operation and vice
versa, to at times improve emissions while maintaining a constant
vehicle drive quality, and at other times improve vehicle drive
quality while maintaining a constant emission level.
Inventors: |
Kolody; Dale A. (Plymouth,
MI) |
Assignee: |
Ford Motor Company (Dearborn,
MI)
|
Family
ID: |
23211472 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/312,445 |
Filed: |
December 6, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
123/406.7;
123/568.27; 192/92; 477/98; 477/100; 477/111 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02D
37/02 (20130101); F02M 26/57 (20160201); F02M
2026/009 (20160201); Y10T 477/653 (20150115); Y10T
477/68 (20150115); Y10T 477/663 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
F02D
37/00 (20060101); F02M 25/07 (20060101); F02D
37/02 (20060101); F02m 025/06 (); F02d
033/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;123/119A,117A ;192/.092
;74/860 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Burns; Wendell E.
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Keith L. Zerschling et al.
Claims
I claim:
1. A carburetor controlled servo system comprising in combination,
a vacuum servo having a force movable member variably movable by
vacuum applied thereto, a carburetor having an induction passage
open at one end to ambient air at essentially atmospheric pressure
and connected at its opposite end to engine intake manifold vacuum
so as to subject the passage to varying engine pressure
depressions, a throttle valve rotatably movable across the passage
between essentially closed and wide open throttle positions, a
number of pressure sensing ports in the induction passage axially
spaced from each other along the induction passage and located
above the closed position of the throttle valve in a position to be
traversed progressively by the edge of the throttle valve as it
moves from a closed position towards the wide open throttle
position, means connecting the servo to one of the ports for
actuating the force transmitting member, and further means for
switching the connection of the servo from the one port to another
of the remaining number of ports for varying the movement of the
force transmitting member for the same movement of the throttle
valve.
2. A servo system as in claim 1, the further means including
temperature sensitive means responsive to the attainment of a
predetermined temperature for switching the connection of the servo
from the one port to the another port.
3. A servo system as in claim 1, the force movable member
comprising a valve movable to control the recirculation of engine
exhaust gases from the exhaust system to the induction system as a
function of movement of the servo, the another port constituting a
spark port and being located below the one port closer to the
closed position of the throttle valve.
4. A servo system as in claim 3, the further means including
ambient temperature sensitive means responsive to the attainment of
a predetermined engine temperature to connect the spark port to the
first mentioned servo above the predetermined temperature level to
increase exhaust gas recirculation flow for the same throttle valve
setting as when the one port is connected to the first mentioned
servo.
5. A control system as in claim 4, the further means also including
check valve means in the connection between the one port and the
first mentioned servo preventing communication of the higher
pressure in the one port to the latter servo when the spark port is
connected to the latter servo.
6. A control system as in claim 3, the further means including a
second valve movable between first and second positions
respectively blocking a connection between or connecting the spark
port and the servo and a check valve in the connection between the
one port and the servo operable to prevent communication of the
higher pressure in the one port to the servo when the second valve
is in the second position while permitting communication of the
higher pressure in the one port to the servo when the second valve
is in the first position.
7. A control system as in claim 6, including a second servo
connected to an engine distributor spark adjustment means movable
in opposite directions to advance and retard respectively the
engine spark timing as a function of servo movement, means
connecting the second servo to the spark port, the second servo
having a second force movable member variably movable by spark port
vacuum applied thereto.
8. A control system as in claim 6, the further means including an
ambient temperature sensitive means responsive to the attainment of
a predetermined ambient temperature level for moving the second
valve from its first position to its second position.
9. A control system as in claim 6, the further means including
additional means operable in response to the attainment of a
predetermined condition of operation of a transmission associated
with the engine for moving the second valve from its first position
to its second position.
10. A control system as in claim 9, the further means including
ambient temperature sensitive means responsive to the attainment of
a predetermined engine temperature level for also moving the second
valve from its first position to its second position.
11. A control system as in claim 8, the second valve being solenoid
controlled and movable to the second position when energized,
operation of the ambient temperature sensitive means energizing the
second valve.
12. A control system as in claim 7, the second valve having three
ports the first of which is connected to the spark port while a
second port is connected to the first mentioned servo and the third
is connected to the second servo, this first position being an at
rest position and interconnecting the first and third ports, the
second position interconnecting the first and second ports.
13. A control system as in claim 7, the second valve being solenoid
controlled and movable to the second position when energized,
operation of the ambient temperature sensitive means energizing the
second valve, the second valve comprising first and second solenoid
controlled valve means, the first being normally closed and
solenoid opened to connect the spark port and first mentioned
servo, the second being normally open to connect the spark port to
the second servo and being solenoid closed, both valve means being
energized in response to operability of the ambient temperature
sensitive means.
14. An engine spark timing and exhaust gas recirculation control
comprising in combination, a carburetor induction passage having a
throttle valve rotatably mounted therein and movable between closed
and fully open positions, a spark port in the induction passage
located above the closed position of the throttle valve, an exhaust
gas recirculation (EGR) port located in the induction passage above
and axially spaced from the spark port, an (EGR) servo having an
(EGR) valve connected thereto spring biased in a closed direction
and movable to an open position by vacuum applied to the servo, the
(EGR) valve controlling flow of exhaust gases back into the engine
induction system, first conduit means connecting the (EGR) port to
the (EGR) servo, a second servo having a force transmitting member
connected thereto spring biased in one direction and connected to
the movable spark adjusting member of an engine distributor and
movable in opposite directions to advance or retard the spark,
second conduit means connecting the spark port to the second servo,
valve means interconnecting the first and second conduit means
movable between a first position connecting the spark port to the
second servo while disconnecting the spark port from the (EGR)
servo and a second position disconnecting the spark port from the
second servo while connecting the spark port to the (EGR) servo, a
check valve in the first conduit means between the (EGR) port and
the connection to the second conduit means to prevent decay of
spark port vacuum acting on the (EGR) servo by the (EGR) port
pressure, and further means for moving the valve means between its
positions to change the pressure level acting on the (EGR) servo
for the same degree of throttle opening and also to control the
advance or retard of the engine spark timing.
15. A control as in claim 14, the further means including an
ambient temperature responsive means operable above a predetermined
temperature level to effect movement of the valve means from its
first to its second position to provide more vacuum acting on the
(EGR) servo for the same throttle opening.
16. A control as in claim 14, the further means including
transmission responsive means sensitive to a predetermined
transmission operation for effecting movement of the valve means
from the first position to the second position.
17. A control as in claim 16, the valve means being solenoid
movable from the first to the second position, conditioning the
transmission for low and intermediate gear operations above the
predetermined temperature energizing the solenoid to move the valve
means to its second position providing (EGR) flow as a function of
spark port vacuum level and no spark port flow to the second servo,
conditioning the transmission for high speed operation
de-energizing the valve means solenoid to move the valve means to
its first position providing (EGR) flow as a function of (EGR) port
vacuum and spark timing adjustment as a function of spark port
vacuum.
Description
This invention relates in general, to an internal combustion engine
in which exhaust gas recirculation and engine spark timing are
controlled as functions of ambient temperature changes and other
parameters, to at times improve emissions while maintaining a
constant drivability level, and at other times to maintain a
constant emission level while improving drivability.
The introduction of engine EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) to
reduce NO.sub.x levels in most cases also results in a decrease in
vehicle drive quality. The greater the proportion of EGR, the
greater bleed of the manifold vacuum signal and a lesser induction
of fuel/air mixture into the engine. This reduces fuel economy
because of the need for more mixture to obtain the same engine
power as without EGR. Also, the introduction of EGR into the
induction system below the carburetor throttle flange, for example,
results in poorer fuel distribution into the manifold runners;
i.e., exhaust gases enter into the manifold to one side of the
spacer and thus tend to create a difference in flow between the
front and rear cylinders. This results in uneven pressure
pulsations and overall poorer engine operation.
It is an object of this invention to improve the vehicle drive
quality at times while holding a constant emission level; while at
other times reducing the emission level while retaining a constant
drive quality level.
More specifically, the invention is directed to a mechanism for at
times controlling EGR flow as a function of spark port vacuum
signal while at other times as a function of EGR port vacuum
signal, the two ports being axially spaced along the carburetor
induction passage above the closed position of the throttle valve,
the switching of signal sources from one port to the other being
made as a function of temperature and other operating
conditions.
It is a further object of the invention to provide an engine
emission control system in which above a predetermined temperature
condition EGR flow is scheduled as a function of carburetor spark
port level, the attainment of the predetermined temperature
switching the vacuum signal from the spark port to an EGR port
located above the spark port, to improve vehicle drive quality
while maintaining essentially a constant emission level.
It is a still further object of the invention to provide an
emission control system of the type described above in which the
switching of the EGR signal from the carburetor spark port to the
carburetor EGR port is triggered not only in response to
predetermined temperature attainment, but also in response to
predetermined operation of a transmission associated with the
engine; namely, operation of the transmission in low and
intermediate gears above the temperature level effecting a
connection of spark port vacuum to the EGR valve, while movement of
the transmission to a high speed gear ratio switches the EGR valve
vacuum signal from the spark port to the EGR port; the change in
temperature levels beyond a predetermined point also effecting a
switching of the EGR vacuum signal if the transmission control has
not already done so.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an engine control
device in which a vacuum operated servo controlling the movement of
a force movable member is actuated at times by carburetor spark
port vacuum so that the force movable member moves as a function of
the degree of opening of the carburetor throttle valve, switching
of the vacuum source from the carburetor spark port to a port
higher in the induction passage effecting a change in the movement
of the force movable member for the same degree of throttle valve
opening, to thereby vary the movement of the force movable member
in a desired manner.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become
more apparent upon reference to the succeeding detailed description
thereof, and to the drawings illustrating the preferred embodiments
thereof; wherein,
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine
emission and spark timing control embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on a plane indicated by and
viewed in the direction of the arrows 2--2 of FIG. 1; and,
FIG. 3 is a modification of the FIG. 1 showing.
FIG. 1 illustrates a portion 10 of one-half of a four-barrel
carburetor of a known downdraft type. It has an air horn section
12, a main body portion 14, and a throttle body 16, joined by
suitable means not shown. The carburetor has the usual air/fuel
induction passages 18 open at their upper ends 20 to fresh air from
the conventional air cleaner, not shown. The passages 18 have the
usual fixed area venturies 22 cooperating with booster venturies 24
through which the main supply of fuel is induced, by means not
shown.
Flow of air and fuel through induction passages 18 is controlled by
a pair of throttle valve plates 26 each fixed on a shaft 28
rotatably mounted in the side walls of the carburetor body.
The throttle body 16 is flanged as indicated for bolting to the top
of the engine intake manifold 30, with a spacer element 32 located
between. Manifold 30 has a number of vertical risers or bores 34
that are aligned for cooperation with the discharge end of the
carburetor induction passages 18. The risers 34 extend at right
angles at their lower ends 36 for passage of the mixture out of the
plane of the figure to the intake valves of the engine.
The exhaust manifolding part of the engine cylinder head is
indicated partially at 38, and includes an exhaust gas crossover
passage 40. The gases pass from the exhaust manifold, not shown, on
one side of the engine to the opposite side beneath the manifold
trunks 36 to provide the usual "hot spot" beneath the carburetor to
better vaporize the air/fuel mixture.
As best seen in FIG. 2, the spacer 32 is provided with a worm-like
recess 42 that is connected directly to crossover passage 40 in
FIG. 1 by a bore 44. Also connected to recess 42 is a passage 46
alternately blocked or connected to a central bore or passage 48
communicating with the risers 34 through a pair of ports 50.
Mounted to one side of the spacer is a cup shaped boss 52 forming a
chamber 54 through which passages 46 and 48 are interconnected.
As described above, it is necessary and desirable to provide some
sort of control to prevent the recirculation of exhaust gases at
undesirable times. For this purpose, passage 46 normally is closed
by a valve 56 that is moved to an open position by a servo 58. The
servo includes a hollow outer shell 64 containing an annular
flexible diaphragm 66. The latter divides the interior into an air
chamber 68 and a signal vacuum chamber 70. Chamber 68 is connected
to atmospheric pressure through a vent 72, while chamber 70 is
connected to a vacuum signal force through a line 74. Line 74 is
connected to the carburetor induction passage, in a manner to be
described later. The stem 75 of valve 56 is fixed to a pair of
retainers 76 that are secured to diaphragm 66 and serve as a seat
for a compression spring 77 normally biasing the valve to its
closed position. The stem slidably and sealingly projects through a
plate 78 closing chamber 54.
Returning to FIG. 1, a spark port 80 is tapped into the induction
passage at a point just above or aligned with the idle position of
throttle valve 26, to be traversed by the edge of the throttle
valve during its opening part throttle movements. This will change
the vacuum level in spark port 28 as a function of the rotative
position of the throttle valve, the spark port reflecting
essentially atmospheric pressure in the air inlet upon closure of
the throttle valve. A second EGR port 82 is located above the spark
port so that the latter port sees vacuum later than the spark port
because it is uncovered later, for a purpose that will become clear
later.
FIG. 1 also shows schematically an engine distributor 84 that
includes a breaker plate 86 pivotably mounted at 88 on a stationary
portion of the distributor and movable with respect to a cam 90.
The latter has a number of peaks corresponding to the number of
engine cylinders. Each peak cooperates with the follower 92 of a
breaker point set 94 to make and break the spark connection in a
known manner for each one-sixth, in this case, rotation of cam 90.
Pivotal movement of breaker plate 86 in a counterclockwise spark
retard setting direction, or in a clockwise spark advance setting,
is provided by an actuator 96 slidably extending from a vacuum
servo 98.
Servo 98 may be of a conventional construction. It has a hollow
housing 100 whose interior is divided into an atmospheric pressure
chamber 102 and a vacuum chamber 104 by an annular flexible
diaphragm 106. The diaphragm is fixedly secured to actuator 96, and
is biased in a rightward retard direction by a compression spring
108. Chamber 102 has an atmospheric or ambient pressure vent, not
shown, while chamber 104 is connected to a vacuum signal line 110.
Line 110, in turn, is also connected to the carburetor induction
passage in a manner that will become clear later.
During engine-off and other operating conditions to be described,
atmospheric pressure exists on both sides of the diaphragm 106,
permitting spring 108 to force the actuator 96 to the lowest spark
timing advance or a retard setting position. Application of vacuum
to chamber 104 moves diaphragm 106 and actuator 96 toward the left
to an engine spark timing advance position, by degree, as a
function of a change in vacuum level.
Turning now to the invention, the flow of spark port and EGR port
vacuum to the EGR servo 58 and to the spark timing control servo 98
is controlled in FIG. 1 by a conventional one-way check valve 112
and a three port electrically controlled selector valve 114. The
check valve 112 is located in a line 116 connecting the EGR port 82
to the EGR servo line 74.
Selector valve 114 includes a valve body having an inlet port 118
and two outlet ports 120 and 122, connected respectively by lines
124, 126 and 128 to spark port 80, EGR line 74, and distributor
line 110. Valve 114 includes a two position slide valve 130 biased
by a spring 132 to an upper position shown. In this position, it
connects spark port vacuum in line 124 through an angled passage
134 to distributor line 110, while blocking outlet 120. A solenoid
136, when energized, pulls the valve 130 downwardly to its second
position. In this position, a through passage 138 connects the
spark port vacuum line 124 through port 120 and line 126 to EGR
line 74, while blocking port 122. The check valve prevents bleed of
lower pressures in line 74 back through the EGR port 82.
Solenoid 136 is connected electrically to ground through a
connection 140, and through a line 142 to a battery or other
suitable power source 144. A pair of switches 146 and 148 located
in the line control the energization of solenoid 136.
Switch 146 in this case is an ambient temperature sensitive
thermostatic switch that is closed above, say 58.degree.F., to
complete the circuit, and opens when the temperature drops below
that level. Switch 148 on the other hand, in this case, is a
vehicle transmission gear ratio condition responsive switch. That
is, when the transmission associated with the engine is conditioned
for high gear operation, the switch 148 is open breaking the
circuit to the solenoid 136 even though switch 146 may be closed.
Moving the transmission gear ratio to low or intermediate gears
closes the switch 148 to complete the circuit, energize solenoid
136 (if switch 146 is closed) and move valve 130 downwardly. This
will switch spark port vacuum from distributor line 110 to EGR
lines 126 and 74, close check valve 112, and cause EGR flow to be
scheduled as a function of spark port vacuum changes, with the
distributor being conditioned for a maximum retarded setting.
It will be clear of course that other controls can be provided to
control the switching function, within the scope of the invention.
For example, an engine water temperature sensitive switch could be
substituted for the switch 146, while a switch conditioned in
response to operation of the vehicle clutch could be used in place
of or in addition to switch 148, depending upon the desired
operation.
The overall operation is believed to be clear from the above
description, and, therefore, will not be given in detail. In brief,
below ambient temperatures of 58.degree.F., the circuit to solenoid
136 is broken, and the selector valve 130 is in the position shown.
Thus, spark timing advance occurs as a function of throttle valve
movement and spark port vacuum level for all gear ratio positions
of the vehicle transmission. EGR flow is directly proportional to
EGR port vacuum level above the preload of the servo spring 77.
As soon as the temperature rises above 58.degree.F., the switch 146
closes. Then when the transmission is conditioned for low and
intermediate gear operations, solenoid 136 will be energized to
move valve 130 to connect spark port vacuum to the EGR valve servo,
while blocking the EGR line 116 and spark timing advance line 110.
Moving the transmission to high gear again breaks the circuit to
the solenoid 136, and connects EGR port vacuum to the EGR servo 98
and spark port vacuum to the servo 98.
It will be clear that by using the spark port as a vacuum source
for controlling EGR flow in low and intermediate gears, the EGR
valve will open sooner and more often than were it connected at all
times to the EGR port. Opening the EGR valve in this manner makes
it possible to use a smaller EGR orifice (at the opening to the
passage 46) or a distributor with more spark advance while
maintaining the same emission level. During high gear operation,
the EGR valve vacuum source to the EGR port provides, above
58.degree.F., the switching to a less active signal and
consequently less EGR flows. Therefore, drive quality is
better.
FIG. 3 shows a modified construction in which two single acting
valves 150 and 152 are used instead of the three port, two position
valve 130 of FIG. 1. In FIG. 3, valve 150 is a normally closed
valve opened upon energization of solenoid 154. Valve 152 is a
normally open valve closed upon energization of solenoid 156.
Valve 150 controls the connection of spark port vacuum in line 124'
to EGR line 126', while valve 152 controls spark port vacuum flow
to the distributor servo line 110'. The energizations of the
solenoids 154 and 156 are controlled by the same temperature and
transmission switches 146 and 148 as in FIG. 1. Thus, in low and
intermediate gears, above 58.degree., switch 150 closes and 152
opens, routing spark port vacuum to the EGR valve line 126' while
blocking vacuum flow to spark timing servo line 110. Conditioning
the transmission for high gear, or the temperature rising above
58.degree.F., opens the circuit to the solenoids and connects the
spark and EGR ports as shown.
* * * * *