U.S. patent number 3,783,736 [Application Number 05/280,631] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for braiding machine.
Invention is credited to Donald Richardson.
United States Patent |
3,783,736 |
Richardson |
January 8, 1974 |
BRAIDING MACHINE
Abstract
A maypole-type braider for the reinforcing of hose and other
tubular products and for the production of ropes, cables and the
like, having mechanism for directing strand supply carrier spindles
in intersecting serpentine paths around a braiding point, the
mechanism including a circle of carrier spindle drivers,
cooperating means on the drivers and carrier spindles for retaining
each carrier spindle in contact with a driver while it is being
driven thereby and for transferring each carrier spindle from a
driver to a next adjacent driver of the circle, said cooperating
means eliminating the necessity of a track plate or other
stationary part acting upon the carrier spindles, the braider also
including means for maintaining a strand pay-off point of each
carrier substantially on a line drawn through the center of the
spindle and the braiding point during the travel of the carrier
spindles in their serpentine paths around the braiding point, the
last-mentioned means contributing to the operation of the carrier
spindle retaining and transfer means.
Inventors: |
Richardson; Donald (Reading,
PA) |
Family
ID: |
23073931 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/280,631 |
Filed: |
August 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
87/29; 87/38;
87/51; 87/37; 87/50 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D04C
3/40 (20130101); D04C 3/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
D04C
3/00 (20060101); D04c 003/02 (); D04c 003/40 () |
Field of
Search: |
;87/6,28-30,33,37,38,50,51,55 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Petrakes; John
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Synnestvedt & Lechner
Claims
I claim:
1. In a braiding machine, a support member, a series of drivers
carried by said support member arranged in a circle around a
braiding point, means to rotate adjacent of said drivers in
opposite directions, a series of strand supply carrier spindles and
means to cause said spindles to be driven by said drivers for
travel in serpentine intersecting paths in opposite directions
around said braiding point, the improvement comprising means for
maintaining a point on each of said carrier spindles substantially
on a line drawn through the center of the carrier spindle and said
braiding point during the travel of said carrier spindles around
said braiding point.
2. A braiding machine according to claim 1 wherein said means for
maintaining a point on each of said carrier spindles substantially
on a line drawn through the center of the carrier spindle and said
braiding point comprises means to rotate each carrier spindle on
its axis as it is driven by said drivers.
3. A braiding machine according to claim 2 wherein said means to
rotate each carrier spindle on its axis as it is driven by said
drivers comprises a planetary gear system associated with each
driver and including a gear in intermeshing engagement with a gear
associated with a carrier spindle as said carrier spindle is being
driven by said driver.
4. A braiding machine according to claim 3 wherein said drivers
comprise rotors, there is means for rotating each rotor of each
driver on its axis with the rotors of adjacent drivers rotating in
opposite directions, and wherein said planetary gear system
includes a gear associated with each driver, said gear having a
common center with the rotor of the driver with which it is
associated and being fixed against rotation relatively to said
rotor, and intermediate gears associated with each driver with each
intermediate gear in intermeshing engagement with one of said
first-mentioned gears, and wherein said gear associated with each
carrier spindle is affixed thereto for rotation therewith.
5. A braiding machine according to claim 1 wherein said drivers
comprise rotors with adjacent rotors of said circle of drivers
defining carrier spindle transfer points and being in substantially
tangential relationship at said carrier spindle transfer points,
carrier spindle-receiving pockets in the rotors, and means for
maintaining a carrier spindle in a pocket of each rotor for travel
with said rotor between said carrier spindle transfer points and
for transferring each carrier spindle from the said pocket of one
rotor to a pocket of an adjacent rotor at said carrier spindle
transfer points.
6. A braiding machine according to claim 5 wherein said means for
maintaining the carrier spindles within the pockets of the rotors
comprises mechanical cooperative means on said carrier spindles and
rotors.
7. A braiding machine according to claim 6 wherein said cooperative
means on said carrier spindles and rotors comprise means carried by
each carrier spindle and defining tracks, and track followers
carried by each rotor with one of said track followers in
cooperative engagement with a track of a carrier traveling with
said rotor.
8. A braiding machine according to claim 7 wherein said tracks
comprise roller tracks and said track followers comprise rollers,
and said roller tracks are of a length and are so positioned in
relation to the rotation of the carrier spindle on its axis that
the roller in cooperative engagement with a roller track rides off
of said roller track when the rotor has carried the carrier spindle
to a carrier spindle transfer point.
9. A braiding machine according to claim 6 wherein said cooperative
means on said carrier spindles and rotors comprises means carried
by each carrier spindle defining two roller tracks of semicircular
configuration with the tracks at different levels and in opposed
relationship and there are rollers carried by adjacent rotors with
a roller of one of the adjacent rotors being positioned for
engagement with the roller track at one level and a roller of the
other rotor being positioned for engagement with the roller track
at the other level.
10. A braiding machine according to claim 9 wherein said tracks are
of a length and are so positioned in relation to the rotation of
the carrier spindles on their axes that a roller of a rotor rides
of the roller track of a carrier spindle at its level and the
roller of an adjacent rotor rides onto the roller track of said
carrier spindle at its level when said carrier spindle passes
through a carrier spindle transfer point.
11. In a braiding machine, a support member, a series of drivers
comprising rotors arranged in a circle around a braiding point,
means for rotating adjacent rotors of said series in opposite
directions, a series of strand supply carrier spindles, carrier
spindle-receiving pockets in said rotors, and means for retaining a
strand supply carrier spindle of said series in a pocket of a rotor
for travel therewith, the improvement wherein said last-names means
solely comprises mechanical cooperative means on said carrier
spindles and rotors and means timing the cooperation of said
cooperative means.
12. A braiding machine according to claim 11 wherein said
cooperative means on said carrier spindles and rotors comprise
means carried by each carrier spindle and defining tracks and track
followers carried by each rotor with one of said track followers in
cooperating engagement with a track of a carrier traveling with
said rotor.
13. A braiding machine according to claim 11 wherein said
cooperative means on said carrier spindles and rotors comprise
means carried by each carrier spindle defining two roller tracks of
semicircular configuration with the tracks at different levels and
in opposed relationship and rollers carried by adjacent rotors with
a roller on one of the adjacent rotors being positioned for
engagement with a roller track at one level and a roller of the
other rotor being positioned for engagement with a roller track at
the other level.
14. A braiding machine according to claim 13 wherein adjacent
rotors of said circle define carrier spindle transfer points and
whereby said means for timing the cooperation of said cooperative
means comprises means for rotating each carrier spindle on its own
axis, and wherein said tracks are of a length and are so positioned
in relation to the rotation of the carrier spindles on their axes
that a roller of a rotor rides off the roller track of a carrier
spindle at its level and the roller of an adjacent rotor rides onto
the roller track of said carrier spindle at its level when said
carrier spindle passes through a carrier spindle transfer point.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The invention is directed to improvements in maypole braiders as
employed in the reinforcement of hose or the like and in the
manufacture of ropes and other products, the braiders being of the
type employing a plurality of strand supply carrier spindles moving
in serpentine paths around the braiding point, with driver means
for the carrier spindles, the drivers involving rotors with
successive rotors rotating in opposite directions. More
particularly, the invention is directed to a braider construction
eliminating the need of a track or race plate or other stationary
element for the transfer of the carrier spindles from the rotor of
one driver to the rotor of a next adjacent driver, conventionally
employed in commercial braiders, and also eliminating the inertial
forces normally created by the instantaneous change of direction of
rotation of a carrier spindle as it is transferred from one rotor
to the next rotor rotating in an opposite direction.
1. Description of the Prior Art
Heretofore braiders have been developed which do not have track or
race plates. In this connection, reference is made to U. S. Pats.
Nos. to Dickhouse 578,916 issued Mar. 16, 1897; Diebold 1,028,446
issued June 4, 1912; Elliott 1,103,181 issued July 14, 1914; and
Diebold 1,296,271 issued Mar. 4, 1919; and also to German Patent
1,947,976 issued Mar. 4, 1971. However, these prior proposed
constructions still require an interaction between the strand
supply carrier spindles and stationary portions of the machine in
the transfer of each carrier spindle from one driver to an adjacent
driver with the attendant disadvantages that excessive noise and
wear problems are created and high equipment costs are
involved.
A braiding machine for the production of rope products has also
been proposed as disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. to Koreki et al.
3,371,573 issued Mar. 5, 1968 which includes mechanism for rotating
the strand supply carriers on their own axes at an angular velocity
equal to that of the driving rotors which move them through their
serpentine paths around the braiding point, and in directions
opposite to the directions of rotation of the rotors, the purpose
being to prevent reverse twisting and excess twisting of the
braiding strands. While this construction also contributes to the
elimination of inertial forces during the transfer of the carriers,
at least two adverse effects remain. Firstly, the strand pay-off
point of each strand supply carrier must constantly and widely vary
from a line drawn through the center of the carrier spindle and the
braiding point as the carrier spindle makes one complete rotation
therearound. Secondly, the construction still necessitates the
evolvement of stationary parts in the transfer of the carriers from
rotor to rotor with the attendant disadvantages noted above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the instant invention is the provision of a
braider of the maypole type and which is particularly adapted for
the reinforcement of hose and other tubular elements or for the
production of ropes, cables and the like in which a series of
strand supply carrier spindles are driven in serpentine paths
around a braiding point by a circular series of drivers having
rotors with the rotors of adjacent drivers rotating in opposite
directions, and in which each strand supply carrier spindle is
rotated on its own axis, the rotation being so controlled that a
reversal of the direction of rotation of the spindle as it is
transferred from one driver rotor to the next driver rotor is
avoided, whereby the inertial forces which otherwise would be
created are eliminated and also the transfer of each carrier
spindle from one driver to another can be accomplished without
subjecting the carrier spindle to interaction with fixed portions
of the machine such as cam tracks and cams.
Another object of the invention in its preferred embodiment is the
provision of a braider attaining the foregoing object in which the
means for rotating each strand supply carrier spindle on its own
axis maintains a strand supply pay-off point of the carrier
substantially on a line drawn through the center of the carrier and
the braiding point as the spindle travels in its serpentine path
there-around.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a braider
attaining the foregoing objects in which the transfer of each
strand supply carrier spindle from one driver rotor to an adjacent
driver rotor is performed solely by cooperating elements on the
rotors and carrier spindles, whereby a smooth transfer is effected
with substantial reduction in noise, friction loads and other
undesirable factors, as compared to known carrier spindle transfer
means involving fixed machine elements.
A further object of the invention is the provision of a braider
attaining the foregoing objects which can be operated at
substantially higher speeds, permits the use of simplified strand
supply carriers, and is of a less expensive construction than known
braiders.
The aforementioned objects of the invention are attained by a
maypole-type braider incorporating the invention, the braider
requiring no deck or race plate and comprising a circular series of
drivers surrounding the braiding point and yarn supply carrier
spindles driven thereby. The drivers include rotors and mechanism
for rotating adjacent rotors in opposite directions, the rotors
having pockets in their peripheries to receive the carrier spindles
and, in conjunction with cooperative means on the carrier spindles
and rotors which retain the carrier spindles within the pockets, to
propel each carrier spindle from a point of transfer from a
preceding driver rotor to a point of transfer to a succeeding
driver rotor without contact of the carrier spindle with a deck
plate or other stationary part or with a part moving at a different
velocity than the carrier spindle.
Each driver includes a gear system for driving relationship to a
gear affixed to each carrier spindle when it is driven thereby, the
relationship of the gears being such that each carrier spindle is
rotated relatively to each of the successive drivers by which it is
driven and independently thereof to maintain a constant direction
and rate of rotation as it travels its serpentine path around the
braiding point. The gearing system in the preferred embodiment of
the invention is of the planetary type and the relationship between
the several gears of the system is such that a yarn pay-off point
on each yarn supply carrier spindle is maintained substantially on
a line connecting the center of the spindle and the braiding point
during the entire travel of the spindle through its serpentine path
around the braiding point. The planetary gear system, in addition
to eliminating the inertial forces normally encountered during the
transfer of the carriers, contributes to the operation of the
cooperative means on the carrier spindles and rotors for retaining
the carrier spindles in the rotor pockets and to the transfer of
each carrier spindle from the pocket of a rotor to the pocket of an
adjacent rotor at the transfer point.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a front elevation view, with parts broken away for
clearness of illustration, of a braiding machine of the horizontal
type, the braiding machine incorporating the machanisms of the
instant invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2--2 of FIG. 1 and
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1 and
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken on the line 4--4 of FIG. 1 and
looking in the direction of the arrows;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view, with parts broken away for clearness of
illustration, taken on the line 5--5 of FIG. 2 and looking in the
direction of the arrows, the view illustrating gear systems carried
by the drivers, the gear systems being in the positions they assume
at the time of transfer of a carrier spindle from one rotor to a
next adjacent rotor;
FIGS. 5a to 5e inclusive are diagramatic views taken on the same
line as FIG. 5, with parts deleted, illustrating successive steps
in the operation of the gear systems as a carrier spindle moves
from a position prior to that shown in FIG. 5 to a position
subsequent thereto;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view, with parts broken away for clearness of
illustration, taken on the line 6--6 of FIG. 2 looking in the
direction of the arrows with a yarn supply carrier spindle shown at
the point of transfer from one rotor to an adjacent rotor; and
FIGS. 6a to 6e inclusive are diagramatic views taken on the same
line as FIG. 6, with parts deleted, illustrating successive steps
in the carrier spindle transferring operation from a position prior
to that shown in FIG. 6 to a position subsequent thereto.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings, there is shown the braiding head 10
of a braiding machine of the horizontal type, but, as will be
understood, the invention is equally applicable to vertical-type
braiding machines. The machine is shown in FIG. 1 as employed for
the application of a reinforcing braided covering of wire or
textile strands to a tubular hose 11 or the like, However, as
previously mentioned, a machine of the invention is in no way
limited to this use and may be employed in the manufacture of
ropes, cables and other products. The frame of the machine includes
a base plate 12 supported in a vertical position from the floor or
other foundation by a foot portion 13, plate 12 having a central
opening 18 through which the hose 11 passes. As will be noted, a
race or track plate or equivalent structure, as employed in
conventional commercial braiders, is not required.
The base plate 12 supports a circular series of drivers, alternate
drivers being indicated by the reference characters 14a and
intervening drivers by the reference characters 14b. Drivers 14a
and 14b include posts 15a and 15b respectively, the posts having
lower end portions 16a and 16b respectively which penetrate
openings in the base plate 12 and which are threaded to receive
nuts 17a and 17b respectively whereby the posts are secured in
fixed positions on the base plate 12 and against rotation
relatively thereto. Drivers 14a and 14b additionally include rotors
20a and 20b respectively, the rotors consisting of upper and lower
circular plates 21a and 22a and 21b and 22b respectively, the
plates being connected by preferably integral tubular portions 23a
and 23b mounted for rotation on posts 15a and 15b respectively.
Suitably, bearing members 24a and 24b and 25a and 25b of any
desired type are interposed between the posts and the tubular
portions of the rotors. Rotors 20a and 20b are of equal diameters
which are such that the periphery of each rotor 20a is in
substantially tangential relationship to the periphery of the
adjacent rotors 20b at their points of closest adjacency. The
plates 21a and 22a of each rotor 20a, and the plates 21b and 22b of
each rotor 20b are provided with four pockets 26a and 26b
respectively spaced 90.degree. apart, each pocket of plates 21a and
21b being in alignment with a pocket of plates 22a and 22b
respectively. The pockets are so located that at the points of
closest adjacency between the plates of successive rotors,
hereinafter referred to as the "carrier spindle transfer points,"
the pockets will lie in opposed relationship to each other. The
pockets are adapted to receive the spindles 30 of a succession of
strand supply carriers indicated diagramatically at 31 and to
convey the spindles and the strand supply carriers supported
thereby in intersecting serpentine paths around the braiding point
at the hose 11, each carrier spindle being retained in a rotor
pocket as it is conveyed thereby and being transferred from such
pocket to the pocket of a rotor rotating in the opposite direction
at each transfer point by mechanisms later to be described in
detail.
Posts 15a and 15b support gears 32a and 32b respectively for free
rotation thereon, suitable bearing members 38a and 38b being
interposed between the posts and the gears. The gears 32a of
drivers 14a and the gears 32b of drivers 14b are of the same pitch
diameter, the diameter being such that the teeth of adjacent gears
are in intermeshing engagement. The gear 32a of each driver 14a
(see FIG. 3) is connected to the rotor of the driver to cause
rotation of the rotor with the gear by means of a pair of pins 33a
spaced 180.degree. apart on opposite sides of the axis of the
rotor, one end of each pin being affixed to the gear 32a and the
other end affixed to the lower plate 22a of the rotor 20a.
Similarly, gear 32b of each driver 14b (see FIG. 2) is connected to
the rotor of the driver by a pair of pins 33b spaced 180.degree.
apart and affixed to gear 32b and plate 22b. Pins 33a and 33b also
perform additional functions as will be later explained. The
succession of gears 32a and 32b and their associated rotors 20a and
20b respectively are driven by a gear 34 having its teeth in
intermeshing engagement with the teeth of one of the gears 32a (see
FIG. 1), gear 34 being in turn driven by any suitable driving means
such as a motor (not shown). It will be understood that as a
result, each rotor will be driven in a direction opposite that of
its adjacent rotors. In the construction shown, rotors 20a will
rotate in a clockwise direction and rotors 20b in a
counterclockwise direction.
As previously pointed out, the braider of the instant invention
includes means for controlling the rotation of each carrier spindle
30 independently of the rotation which will be imparted to it by
the rotors 20a and 20b as it is moved around portions of the
circumferences thereof, whereby the disadvantageous inertial forces
normally created by the angular acceleration of the carrier
spindles and the strand supply packages supported thereby during an
abrupt change of direction of rotation of each carrier spindle as
it is transferred from a rotor rotating in one direction to a rotor
rotating in the opposite direction, is eliminated.
The independent rotation of the spindles also so orients them that
a strand pay-off point or eye 39 of each yarn supply carrier, and
hence a corresponding point on each carrier spindle, is maintained
substantially on a line drawn through the center of the carrier
spindle and the braiding point at the hose 11 as the strand supply
carriers move in their serpentine paths therearound. This
particular orientation of the strand supply carriers has a number
of additional advantages, as for example, better control of the
braiding strands is obtained. Also, it contributes to the operation
of the machanisms for retaining the carrier spindles in the notches
of the rotors during their travel with the rotors and for
transferring each carrier spindle from one rotor to an adjacent
rotor at the transfer points.
The above referred-to orientation of the carrier spindles is
obtained by gear trains which are conceptually the same for all
sizes of braiders regardless of the number of carriers and drivers
employed. However, it will be understood that the specific ratios
of the gears of the trains will differ for each number of drivers
employed. In the embodiment of the invention shown and described,
six drivers and 12 strand supply carrier spindles are used, this
necessitating, in order to achieve the orientation of the strand
supply carriers with their strand pay-off points substantially on a
line drawn through the center of the carrier spindle and the
braiding point, as noted above, that the carrier spindles have a
rotation continuously in one direction of one-third of a degree for
each full degree of rotation of each driver rotor by which it is
being driven irrespective of the direction of rotation of the
rotor. Inasmuch as, in the absence of the independent rotation of
the strand supply carriers, any point on the periphery of a carrier
would be rotated in the same direction and to the same extent as
the rotor by which it is carried, this requires that a carrier
being driven by a rotor rotating in the same direction as the
carrier is to be rotated have an arc of rotation relatively to the
rotor of two-thirds of a degree in a direction opposite to that of
the rotor for a full degree of rotation of the latter. On the other
hand, when the carrier is being driven by a rotor rotating in a
direction opposite to that in which the carrier is to be rotated,
the carrier must have an arc of rotation relatively to the rotor
and in the same direction as the rotor of one and one-third degrees
for each full degree of rotation of the rotor.
Due to the fact that the rotors are arranged in a circle around the
braiding point, each carrier spindle and associated strand supply
carrier will, as it is being driven around an outer arc of rotation
of a rotor, travel a greater distance than when it is being driven
around an inner arc of such rotation. For example, in a six-rotor
machine, the spindle will be driven through an outer arc of
240.degree. and through an inner arc of 120.degree. . As a result,
the strand pay-off point of a carrier as the carrier travels in a
serpentine path will actually vary between positions in which it
lies directly on a line drawn through the center of the carrier and
the braiding point and positions on opposite sides of such line
spaced 10.degree. therefrom. As the number of driver rotors
increases, the angle of variation will be less. Thus, for braiders
having twelve, eighteen and twenty-four driver rotors, the angle of
variation in each direction will be 2.500.degree., 1.111.degree.
and 0.625.degree. respectively. For the above reasons, in the
description of the invention and in the appended claims the
relationship of the strand pay-off point to the braiding point has
been indicated to be "substantially" on a line drawn through the
center of the carrier spindle and the braiding point, the term
"substantially" being employed to include any and all of the
variations resulting from the circular arrangement of the drivers
irrespective of the number of drivers employed.
The required rotation of each carrier spindle may be obtained by
various gear systems, but in the preferred embodiment of the
invention disclosed, planetary gear systems are used as they are
simpler and more reliable than other systems. The planetary gear
systems employed (see FIGS. 2, 3 and 5) are fundamentally the same
for each driver but vary in certain particulars with respect to the
rotors which are rotated in a clockwise direction as compared to
the rotors which are rotated in a counterclockwise direction.
Referring first to the rotors 20a which are rotating in a clockwise
direction, the planetary gear system for each rotor includes a
nonrotatable gear 35 affixed to post 15a and in intermeshing
engagement with each of a pair of gears 36 (see FIG. 3), each gear
of the pair being mounted for free rotation on one or the other of
the pins 33a previously mentioned and supported thereon in
alignment with gear 35 by any suitable means (not shown). The
planetary gear system for the rotors 20a additionally includes a
nonrotatable gear 40 affixed to post 15a similarly as gear 35 but
inwardly thereof and of a substantially reduced pitch diameter as
compared to gear 35. Gear 40 is in intermeshing relationship with a
pair of gears 41, each of the gears 41 being mounted for free
rotation on one of a pair of pins 42 affixed to and projecting
outwardly from gear 32a and lying in a diametrical plane at right
angles to the diametrical plane of pins 33a. The gears 41 are
maintained in alignment with gear 40 by any suitable means (not
shown). It is to be noted that each gear 41 is of sufficiently
greater pitch diameter than the pitch diameters of gears 36 that
the pitch diameter of a gear 41 added to the pitch radius of gear
40 is equal to the pitch diameter of a gear 36 added to the pitch
radius of gear 35.
The gear trains of the rotors 20b which rotate counterclockwise and
which are best shown in FIGS. 2, 4 and 5 have respectively the same
gear ratios as the gear trains just described and employed in
conjunction with the rotors 20a which rotate in a clockwise
direction. However, a stationary gear 43 which corresponds to gear
35 is affixed to post 16b in the plane of gears 41 and a stationary
gear 44 which corresponds to gear 40 is affixed to post 16b in the
plane of gear 35. Gears 45 mounted for free rotation on pins 33b
and which correspond to gears 36 are supported on their pins 33b in
the plane of gear 43 by any suitable means (not shown).
Gears 46 (see FIG. 4) which correspond to gears 41 are mounted for
free rotation on pins 47 affixed to and projecting outwardly from
plate 22b and are positioned on the pins in the plane of gear 44 by
any suitable means (not shown). Each carrier spindle 30 carries a
gear 50 which may be affixed to the lower end of or formed as an
integral part of the carrier spindle, the gear 50 being of a pitch
diameter, having a face width and being so positioned as to
intermesh with each of the gears 36, 40, 45 and 46 at certain
times, as will be later described.
In the operation of the braider of the invention as so far
described, upon rotation of gear 34 through the energization of its
driving motor, each gear 32a will be driven in a clockwise
direction, and adjacent gears 32b in a counterclockwise direction,
as previously mentioned. Rotation of the gears 32a and 32b will in
turn cause rotation of the gears of the planetary gear system
associated with each driver as well as gear 50 of each carrier
spindle.
Reference will now be made particularly to FIGS. 5a to 5e inclusive
which diagramatically illustrate the operation of the gears of a
gear train as a yarn supply carrier spindle 30 traveling an outer
arc of the circumference of a clockwise rotating rotor and in a
clockwise direction around the braiding point approaches a transfer
point, completes its transfer to a counterclockwise-rotating rotor,
and then leaves the transfer point. It will be recognized that upon
the transfer of the carrier spindle 30 to the
counterclockwise-rotating rotor, it will be carried thereby around
an inner arc of the circumference thereof to a succeeding rotor
rotating in a clockwise direction and a similar but reverse
transfer operation will take place. Also, that the cooperation of
the several gears of each rotor gear system with the gear 50 of
each carrier spindle 30 traveling in the counterclockwise direction
around the braiding point will be equivalent to but the reverse of
that described for the clockwise traveling spindles.
Referring first to FIG. 5a, as carrier spindle 30 is carried in its
outer arc of travel in a clockwise direction, the teeth of gear 50
are in intermeshing relationship with the teeth of gear 41 which in
turn are in intermeshing relationship with fixed gear 40. As a
result, gear 50 will be rotated on its own axis in a
counterclockwise direction through an arc which will in effect be
subtracted from the arc of rotation of gear 50 in a clockwise
direction resulting from its travel with the rotor. Hence the
actual rotation of the spindle is in the same direction as that of
the rotor but at a substantially slower rate. To produce this
result in the six-rotor braider disclosed, the gear ratios are such
that two-thirds of a rotation of gear 50 on its own axis will be
subtracted from that imparted to it by the rotation of the rotor
for each arc of rotation of the rotor of one degree, as previously
explained. The control of rotation of gear 50 through gears 40 and
41 continues as the carrier spindle further approaches the transfer
point, as shown in FIG. 5b, and gear 45 of the adjacent
counterclockwise-rotating rotor approaches gear 50 of the carrier
spindle. When the carrier spindle has been brought to the position
of FIG. 5c, which corresponds to that of FIG. 5, both gear 41 and
gear 45 are in mesh with gear 50 of the carrier spindle, the ratio
of the gears being such that gear 50 continues its rotation in a
clockwise direction at its predetermined velocity.
Following the transfer operation, the carrier spindle is first
moved into the position of FIG. 5d and then to the position of FIG.
5e, the rotation of gear 50 being continued due to its intermeshing
engagement with gear 45 which in turn is in intermeshing engagement
with gear 43 of the counterclockwise-rotating driver. Inasmuch as
the rotation of the carrier spindle to maintain its desired
orientation is now in a direction opposite to that of the direction
of rotation of the rotor, the gear ratio must be such that the
spindle remains in rotation on its own axis at the same rate and
direction as imparted to it by the last previous rotor by which it
was driven. This results in an angular velocity sufficient to give
the spindle an arc of rotation of one and one-third degrees for
each 1.degree. of rotation of the rotor, as also previously
mentioned. The pitch diameters of the several gears to provide the
required ratios for machines having any number of drivers may be
mathematically determined. However, for braiders of popular sizes,
namely braiders having six, 12, 18 or 24 drivers with driving gears
32a and 32b of 9-inch pitch diameter, the pitch diameters in inches
of the several gears are set forth in the following table:
TYPICAL GEAR PITCH DIAMETERS IN INCHES
No. drivers braiding Gear 44 Gear 41 Gear 50 Gear 45 Gear 43 head 6
4 1 3 2 2 12 3 1/2 1 1/4 3 1 3/4 2 1/2 18 3 1/3 1 1/3 3 1 2/3 2 2/3
24 3 1/4 1 3/8 3 1 5/8 2 3/4
Referring now to FIGS, 2, 3, 4 and 6, the mechanism for retaining
each carrier spindle within a pocket 26a of driver rotor 20a
rotating in a clockwise direction and within a pocket 26b driver
rotor rotating in a counterclockwise direction and for transferring
each carrier spindle from the pocket of the rotor by which it has
been driven to a pocket of the next adjacent rotor rotating in the
opposite direction will be described. It is to be understood that
the mechanism operates in conjunction with the planetary gear
systems previously explained and which controls the rate of travel
of the spindles and positions them for the transfer operation.
Each strand supply carrier spindle 30 has a track support plate 51
affixed thereto or suitably made integral therewith whereby it will
be rotated with the spindle. Each plate 51 is provided with
semicircular peripheral flanges 52 and 53 projecting in opposite
directions from the plate, the inner faces of the flanges defining
tracks 54 and 55 respectively for cooperation with rollers 56a,
57a, 58a and 59a carried by each rotor 20a, and rollers 56b, 57b,
58b and 59b carried by each rotor 20b, as will later be described
in detail. As will be noted, the rollers of each rotor lie opposite
to the pockets 26a or 26b thereof. Tracks 54 and 55 are in opposed
relationship on opposite sides of and equidistant from the axis of
spindle 30, such axis defining the center line of curvature of the
tracks. Each of the flanges extends along the circumference of its
associated plate 51 for a distance somewhat less than one-half of
the circumference of the plate and is preferably provided with
inwardly-rounded edges, indicated at 61, at its opposite ends for
promoting graceful, smooth entry of a roller onto the associated
tracks 54 and 55.
Rollers 56a and 58a are mounted for free rotation on pins 62a and
63a respectively, the centers of the pins lying on a diametric line
of rotor 20a and the pins being affixed in any suitable way to the
upper plate 21a of the rotor. The spacing of the pins from the
center of each rotor 20a and the locations of the rollers thereon
are such as to position one or the other of the rollers for rolling
contact with the track 54 of a carrier spindle when the spindle is
being driven by the rotor in a clockwise direction around the
braiding point. Rollers 57a and 59a are mounted for free rotation
on pins 64a and 65a respectively, the centers of the pins also
lying on a diametric line of rotor 20a but one which is at a
90.degree. angle to that of pins 62 and 63. The pins (see FIG. 3)
are supported by arms 66a which are affixed to, for rotation with,
tubular portion 23a connecting the upper and lower rotor plates 21a
and 22a. The spacing of the pins 64a and 65a from the center of
each rotor 20a and the location of the rollers thereon is such as
to position one or the other of the rollers for rolling contact
with the track 55 of a carrier spindle when the spindle is being
driven by the rotor in a counterclockwise direction around the
braiding point.
The rollers 56b and 58b, which correspond to rollers 56a and 58a,
as they are also adapted for cooperation with track 54, are mounted
for free rotation on pins 62b and 63b respectively, the centers of
which lie on a diametric line of the rotor, the rollers being
affixed to rotor plate 21b. The pins are positioned similarly as
pins 62a and 63a to place one or the other of the rollers carried
thereby for rolling contact with the track 54 of a carrier spindle
when the spindle is being driven by the rotor but in a
counterclockwise direction around the braiding point. Rollers 57b
and 59b, which correspond to rollers 57a and 59a, are mounted for
free rotation on pins 64b and 65b respectively, lying on a
diametric line of the rotor but at a 90.degree. angle to that of
pins 62b and 63b, the pins being supported by arms 66b affixed to
or suitably made integral with tubular portion 23b. The rollers are
positioned similarly as rollers 57a and 57b so that one or the
other of the rollers will be in rolling contact with the track 55
of a carrier spindle when the spindle is being driven by a rotor
20b but in a clockwise direction around the braiding point.
Reference is now made particularly to FIGS. 6a to 6e inclusive in
which, for convenience of illustration, the flanges 53 of the
carrier spindle and the rollers which ride on the tracks defined
thereby have been cross-hatched toreadily distinguish them from
flanges 52 and the rollers cooperating therewith. Also, parts for
cooperation with other than the one carrier spindle shown have been
omitted. The figures diagramatically illustrate the movement of a
carrier spindle traveling in a clockwise path around the braiding
point as it is carried by a driver rotor 20a to a transfer point,
is transferred at the transfer point to driver rotor 20b, and then
continues its travel in a counterclockwise direction. It will be
understood that while the explanation will be limited to a spindle
traveling such path and transferring from a clockwise-rotating to a
counterclockwise-rotating rotor, the same principles will apply and
equivalent operations will be performed in the transfer of the
spindle from a counterclockwise-rotating to a clockwise-rotating
rotor. Also, the same principles will apply to and equivalent
operations be performed with respect to a carrier spindle traveling
in a counterclockwise direction around the braiding point and which
is transferred from a counterclockwise-rotating to a
clockwise-rotating rotor and vice versa.
In FIG. 6a the carrier spindle is shown as it approaches the point
of transfer from the clockwise-rotating rotor 20a to
counterclockwise-rotating rotor 20b. During its travel with rotor
20a, the carrier spindle 30 has been retained in a pocket 26a of
the rotor 20a by the contact of roller 56a with the track 54, the
roller proceeding along the track in a clockwise direction and
approaching the end of the track. Also, at this stage, roller 58b
carried by the counterclockwise-rotating rotor 20b is approaching
the end of track 55 defined by flange 53. As the rotation of the
rotors continues to bring the several parts into the positions
shown in FIG. 6b, roller 56a is close to the end of the track 54
and roller 58b has moved into position adjacent an end of track 55
defined by flange 53. Also, a pocket 26b of rotor 20b has moved
into a position adjacent the spindle. At the point of transfer, as
illustrated in FIG. 6c, the pocket 26a in which the carrier spindle
has been retained has moved into a position directly opposite the
above-mentioned pocket 26b and roller 56a is leaving track 54 and
roller 58b is moving onto track 55. As the operation continues
through the stages illustrated by FIGS. 6d and 6e, roller 56a moves
out of contact with track 54 and roller 58b moves into contact with
track 55 and then travels along the track and retains the spindle
within pocket 26b until the spindle, which is now being driven by
rotor 20b rotating in a counterclockwise direction, reaches the
next transfer point at which, as mentioned above, the same
operations are performed, but in reverse.
It will be seen that the above-described carrier spindle transfer
operation results in a smooth, quiet and reliable transfer of the
carrier spindles as all components involved are in motion and at
substantially the same velocities. Also, as only rolling contact
between the spindle tracks and the rollers is involved, little
energy must be expended. It will further be noted that the transfer
occurs during that portion of the cycle in which the rotor pockets,
in cooperation with the gar system, maintain the spindles under
positive control.
Although certain embodiments of the invention have been shown in
the drawings and described in the specification, it is to be
understood that the invention is not limited thereto, is capable of
modification, and can be rearranged without departing from the
spirit and scope of the invention. For example, while gear trains
comprising gears with conventional intermeshing teeth are shown and
described for rotating the carrier spindles on their own axes, the
trains may be composed of driving and driven elements having no
teeth of the conventional type shown, but rather having cooperating
friction surfaces but of a character to ensure against slippage
therebetween as is essential, the terms "gears" and "intermeshing
gears" encompassing such elements. Also, while rollers and roller
tracks have been shown and described as the cooperative elements on
the rotors and carrier spindles for maintaining the latter in the
pockets of the rotors, other track followers may be employed, such
as shoes or the like.
* * * * *