U.S. patent number 3,783,566 [Application Number 05/279,492] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-08 for wall construction blocks and mortarless method of construction.
Invention is credited to Richard F. Nielson.
United States Patent |
3,783,566 |
Nielson |
January 8, 1974 |
WALL CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS AND MORTARLESS METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
Abstract
A mortarless system for constructing a wall from masonry blocks.
Each block is coated on its top, bottom, and ends with a material
having a relatively low melting point. Each block also has multiple
vertical openings, one of which contains a connecting rod held in
place by a material, such as wax, having a very low melting point.
The blocks are put into place to erect the wall, and then heat is
applied to melt the substances which will fuse the blocks together
and allow the connecting rods to drop into the blocks in the next
lower course to further interlock the individual blocks and form a
solid stable wall.
Inventors: |
Nielson; Richard F. (Waterloo,
IA) |
Family
ID: |
23069223 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/279,492 |
Filed: |
August 10, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/232; 52/1;
52/415 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
2/18 (20130101); E04B 2002/0245 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E04B
2/14 (20060101); E04B 2/18 (20060101); E04B
2/02 (20060101); E04c 002/46 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/232,568,415,585,1,607,389 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
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|
|
|
|
|
|
167,726 |
|
Mar 1934 |
|
CH |
|
936,604 |
|
Jul 1948 |
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FR |
|
Primary Examiner: Sutherland; Henry C.
Assistant Examiner: Braun; Leslie A.
Claims
I claim:
1. A rectangular shaped block for use in constructing vertical
walls and the like, said block comprising a solid member of a
material having sufficient strength for use in a wall, said member
having parallel top and bottom surfaces with a pair of spaced apart
cavities extending between said surfaces and defining parallel end
walls joined by front and rear walls and a wall central of said
front and rear walls, each of said end walls having a vertical
opening extending therethrough, said central wall having an opening
extending from the top surface part way to the bottom surface, the
opening in said central wall being substantially larger than the
openings in said end walls, a rod positioned in the opening in each
end wall, and means provided to normally hold said rod in said
opening, said means being a substance that will release said rod
when heat above a normal ambient temperature range is applied to
said block.
2. The block of claim 1 in which said substance is a meltable
substance that is solid within an ordinary ambient temperature
range.
3. The block of claim 1 in which said block has a meltable bonding
substance on said top and bottom surfaces and on the outer surface
of each of said end walls.
4. The method of erecting a vertical wall using individual blocks
each of which has a meltable bonding substance on its top, bottom
and end surfaces and each of which has a first vertical opening
near each end and a second vertical opening centrally of said first
vertical opening, each of said first openings having a rod received
therein and held in said openings by a meltable substance that is
solid at ordinary temperatures, said method comprising the steps
of: laying said blocks in end to end relationship with their front
and rear surfaces aligned to form a first course of said wall;
laying a second course of said blocks on top of said first course
with the blocks in said second course in end to end relationship
with the joints between the ends staggered from the joints in said
first course so that the first opening in the blocks of said second
course are in alignment with the second opening in each of the
blocks of said first course; laying additional courses of said
blocks on top of said first and second courses with the joints
staggered between adjacent courses in the same manner as between
said first and second courses; and applying sufficient heat to said
blocks to melt the substances on the top, bottom and end surfaces
of each block to bond the blocks together and also to melt the
substances holding the rods in each block to release said rods and
allow them to drop into the second opening of each respective block
in the course below.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Masonry blocks are a commonly used construction material for
erecting walls above grade and also for foundation walls below
grade. Although masonry blocks are available in various sizes and
types, the method of constructing a wall using them is basically
the same. The conventional way of constructing walls using masonry
blocks is to spread mortar between the ends of the blocks and
between each course of blocks, and when the mortar hardens, a solid
stable wall results. This method has been used for many, many
years, but requires the skill of a mason, and also requires the
mixing and handling of mortar each day on the job site. Moreover,
once the wall is constructed using mortar, the wall can be
dismantled or torn down only by destruction of the wall with little
or no salvage resulting. The wall thus becomes a permanent
structure.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention provides a system for constructing walls using
individual blocks, preferably of a masonry material, which blocks
require no mortar to hold them together. One aspect of the
invention involves coating the ends, top, and bottom of each block
with a bonding material having a relatively low melting point but
which will be solid at ordinary temperatures. The blocks can then
be laid in the conventional arrangement but without mortar. When
the blocks are properly positioned in the wall structure, heat is
applied to melt the bonding material and fuse the blocks together
into a solid wall. Another aspect of the invention utilizes
individual blocks containing vertical openings therein which will
be in alignment when the blocks are laid in their customary
staggered positions. Each block is then provided with one or more
rods positioned in the vertical openings which rods are held in
place during construction by a substance having a low melting
point. When heat is applied to fuse the blocks together, the
substance holding the rods will melt allowing the rods to drop down
into the blocks in the course below thus providing an interlocking
arrangement. The invention thus provides for a considerable savings
in time and erection of the wall and in labor saving since no
mortar need be mixed or applied on the job site. The invention also
provides a wall which can subsequently by dismantled and the blocks
reused.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an elevational view of a portion of a wall, partly in
section, and showing blocks utilizing the principles of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a block constructed according to
the principles of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a portion of a wall partly in
section and showing another embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a block utilizing the principles of
the invention as illustrated by the second embodiment thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring first to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the
drawings, a wall is constructed of a plurality of rectangular
shaped blocks each of which is indicated generally by the reference
numeral 10. Each block 10 has a top surface 12 and a bottom surface
14 joined by two end walls 16 and a front wall 18 and rear wall 20.
Each block 10 is preferably partially hollow so as to reduce the
cost and weight of the block and make the blocks easier to handle.
Each block 10 is therefore provided with large rectangular vertical
openings 21 which define the interior surfaces of end walls 16, of
the front and rear walls 18 and 20 respectively, and a central rib
24. Each end wall 16 of a block 10 is provided with an opening 22
which opening extends vertically through the block 10 from the top
surface 12 to the bottom surface 14. In addition, each block 10 is
provided in its center rib 24 with a vertical opening 26 which
opening 26 is larger in diameter than the openings 22. As best seen
in FIG. 1, opening 26 extends from the top surface 12 approximately
half way through the block 10 toward the bottom surface 14.
The outer surfaces of end walls 16 and the top and bottom surfaces
12 and 14 are preferably coated with a bonding substance which has
a relatively low melting temperature but which is in a solid state
at ordinary temperatures. A suitable substance would be glass or
one of the many plastic compounds which could be applied in a
liquid state and then allowed to harden. In addition, each block
has received within each of the openings 22 a rod 28 the length of
which is approximately the distance between the top surface 12 and
bottom surface 14 of the block. The rod 28 is held in place in the
opening 22 by filling the opening with a substance with a very low
melting temperature. A suitable substance for this purpose would be
a substance such as paraffin or wax.
Using the blocks 10 constructed according to the invention, a wall
can now be constructed. As is well known to those in the building
industry, a block wall is normally support on a footing 30 which is
generally a poured concrete footing. Depending upon the soil type,
frost level and weight of the structure to be erected, footings 30
will be poured at a suitable depth. In any event, a first row or
course 32 of blocks 10 is laid on the footings 30 with their end
walls 16 touching and their front surfaces 18 in alignment. When
the blocks 10 are thus laid, the end walls 16 form a joint 34. When
the first course or row 32 has been laid, the second course 36 is
laid with the bottom surface 14 of each block 10 in the second
course 36 resting on the top surface 12 of each block 10 in the
first course 32. As in a conventional wall, the blocks 10 in the
second course 36 are staggered from the block 10 in the first
course 32 with their joints 34 over the center of the blocks 10 in
the first course 32. It is important that the openings 22 of two
adjoining blocks 10 be directly over the opening 26 of a block 10
in the course below. This procedure is repeated for all subsequent
courses until a wall of the desired length and height has been
erected.
When the entire wall has been erected, or if desired at intervals
during the erection of the wall, heat is applied to the blocks 10
forming the wall. This will cause the wax or other substance
holding the rods 28 in the openings 22 to melt allowing the rods 28
by force of gravity to drop down into the opening 26 in the block
10 in the course below. This will, of course, interlock the blocks
so that any lateral movement thereof in a horizontal plane cannot
take place. To further form the blocks into a solid wall, the heat
applied will melt the bonding substance coated on the end walls 16
and top surface 12 and bottom surface 14 thus fusing the blocks 10
together. If at any time it is desired to dismantle the wall,
sufficient heat can be applied to again melt the bonding substance
holding the blocks 10 together, and while the bonding substance is
still in a liquid state the individual blocks can be separated and
removed from the wall, the rods 28 being withdrawn as each block is
removed.
In FIGS. 3 and 4 there is shown a second embodiment of the
invention. Parts corresponding to those of the first embodiment
will be referred to with the same reference numeral followed by the
letter "a." Thus, in FIG. 4, there is shown a block 10a having an
upper surface 12a and a lower surface 14a parallel thereto which
surfaces are joined by end walls 16a a front wall 18a and a rear
wall 20a. Each block contains a plurality of openings, there
preferably being an opening 40 near each corner of the block 10a
and a pair of openings 42 in the center of the front wall 18a and
the center of the rear wall 20a. Each of the openings 40 and 42
extends through the block from the top surface 12a to the bottom
surface 14a, and each opening is preferably tapered with the widest
portion of the opening being at the top surface 12a. As shown in
FIG. 3, the blocks 10a are assembled into a wall in a manner
similar of that described with the first embodiment with the blocks
10a in the various courses being staggered. With the blocks 10a
thus staggered, the openings 40 in a block 10a will be in alignment
with the openings 42 of a block 10a in a course below. As each
course is laid, the openings 40 are such as that they can receive
anchor bolts 44 thus tying each course of blocks 10a together. This
makes for a very rigid construction which can be utilized alone or
in connection with the coated ends and top and bottom surfaces as
described in the first embodiment. Of course, with the construction
of this second embodiment, the foundation or footing 30a would have
to be provided with openings 46 so as to permit anchoring of the
first course of blocks 10a to the footing 30a. With the second
embodiment, dismantling of the wall is easily accomplished so that
the individual blocks 10a can be salvaged and reused.
I have described my invention in connection with two embodiments
thereof and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the
principles of the invention are applicable to blocks of various
masonry materials whether they be concrete, brick or of other
material. It is further evident that the principles of the
invention can be applied to blocks of a variety of sizes,
preferably those presently considered as standard sizes. It is my
intention, however, that these and all other revisions and
modifications as are obvious to those skilled in the art will be
included within the scope of the following claims.
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