U.S. patent number 3,782,071 [Application Number 05/148,540] was granted by the patent office on 1974-01-01 for simultaneous carton former and loader.
Invention is credited to Hans Hagedorn.
United States Patent |
3,782,071 |
Hagedorn |
January 1, 1974 |
SIMULTANEOUS CARTON FORMER AND LOADER
Abstract
Apparatus for directing a single or double tier load of
containers onto a flat carton blank, folding the blank around the
load, and securing end flaps in position to complete the loading
and forming of the carton. A blank is partly formed as it is drawn
into position to receive the load, and after the load has been
received, the forming operation continues with the various elements
of the carton being secured in position during this operation.
Inventors: |
Hagedorn; Hans (North
Vancouver, British Columbia, CA) |
Family
ID: |
22526202 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/148,540 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
53/574; 53/207;
53/152; 53/230 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65B
5/024 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65B
5/02 (20060101); B65B 5/00 (20060101); B65b
041/06 (); B65b 043/10 (); B65b 047/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/29,183,192,194-196,207-209,222,223,191 ;93/51R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Kelly; Donald G.
Assistant Examiner: Abrams; Neil
Attorney, Agent or Firm: Fetherstonhaugh & Co.
Claims
I claim:
1. Carton forming and loading apparatus for blanks cut and creased
for cartons having top and bottom panels, side walls and end flaps,
comprising supporting means, a hopper above the supporting means
for supporting a stack of substantially flat carton blanks, spaced
apart and opposed guides positioned above the level of said
supporting means, vacuum cup means normally positioned at or a
little below the level of the supporting means, power means
connected to said cup means and operable to move the latter
upwardly between the guides and against the lowermost blank in the
stack and to move the blank engaged by the cup means downwardly
between the guides and on to the supporting means, said guides
including means for engaging side portions of said blank during
downward movement thereof for inclining said side portions into an
upwardly outwardly expanding U while concurrently leaving at least
one end of the carton completely open, means defining a path for
movement of moving a load of containers horizontally through said
open end onto the bottom panel of the blank within said outwardly
expanding U, operating means connected to the guides to fold the
side walls and top panel of the blank around the containers
therein, and means for folding end portions of the blank against
the containers and to secure said end portions in position.
2. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which said hopper
includes a pair of opposed corrugated walls, the corrugation of one
of said walls opposing the corrugations in the other of said walls
with each corrugation that curves outwardly of the hopper opposed
by a corrugation curving inwardly thereof, whereby each pair of
opposed corrugations supports only a relatively few blanks of the
stack.
3. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which said vacuum cup
means comprises a pair of spaced apart bars, at least one vacuum
cup on each bar, vacuum means for selectively applying a vacuum to
each cup, and said power means is connected to the bars to move
said bars between a position where the cups thereof engage a blank
in the hopper and a position where said cups are at or below the
supporting means.
4. Carton forming and loading apparatus for blanks cut and creased
for cartons having top and bottom panels, side walls and end flaps,
comprising supporting means, a hopper for supporting substantially
flat carton blanks above the supporting means, vacuum cup means
mounted for vertical movement and positioned and operable to grip
the bottom panel of a blank in the hopper and to draw said gripped
blank down onto the supporting means, guide means located to engage
portions of the blank as said blank is drawn downwardly and for
inclining said portions into an upwardly outwardly expanding U
during said downward movement while concurrently leaving at least
one end of the carton completely open, means for defining a path
for movement of a load of containers horizontally through said open
end onto the bottom panel of the blank within said outwardly
expanding U, and folding means for successively raising the side
walls of the blank from said upwardly outwardly expanding U to a
vertical position and for folding the top panel thereof over said
container load, said folding means comprising first and second
slide plates on opposite sides of and above the position where each
carton blank rests on the supporting means, and power means for
moving said slide plates inwardly against the inclined portions of
the blank to move said portions into substantially vertical
positions after a container load has been moved on to said
blank.
5. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 4 including power means for
moving said first slide plate further inwardly to fold the top
panel of the blank over said load.
6. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 4 in which said blank has a
securing flap opposed to the top panel, and including a normally
vertical folding plate swingably mounted on said second slide
plate, and power means operable to swing the folding plate to fold
the securing flap inwardly over the blank bottom panel.
7. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 6 including power means for
moving said first slide plate further inwardly to fold the top
panel of the blank over said load and over said inturned securing
flap.
8. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including a swingably
mounted ramp normally arranged to direct container loads on to the
bottom panels of blanks positioned on the supporting means, and
means for swinging said ramp up out of the way when not
required.
9. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including horizontal
guide means positioned to press against the tops of containers
being moved on to blanks positioned on the supporting means, and
means for swinging said guide means out of the way when not
required.
10. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including a swingably
mounted ramp normally arranged to direct container loads on to the
bottom panels of blanks positioned on the supporting means,
horizontal guide means above the ramp and positioned to press
against the top of said containers, and means connected to the ramp
and the guide means for swinging the ramp and guide means out of
the way when not required.
11. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including a
substantially horizontal stabilizer plate positioned to press
against the tops of containers being moved on to blanks positioned
on the supporting means and adapted to drop down slightly behind
the containers when the latter are in proper position.
12. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 11 in which said
stabilizer plate is swingably mounted, and including means for
swinging said plate upwardly out of the way when not required.
13. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 1 including pairs of gates
swingably mounted for horizontal movement at opposite ends of the
area where the blanks rest on said supporting means, and power
means connected to said pairs of gates to swing the gates open and
closed, said gates being positioned to swing end flaps of the
carton blanks inwardly when the gates are closed.
14. Carton forming and loading apparatus for blanks cut and creased
for cartons having top and bottom panels, side walls connected to
opposite edges of the bottom panel, a securing flap connected to a
free edge of one of the side walls, side end flaps connected to
ends of the side walls and top and bottom end flaps connected
respectively to the top panel and the bottom panel, said top panel
being connected to a free edge of the other one of the side walls,
comprising a forming section and a folding section arranged in
succession, supporting means extending through said sections, and a
conveyor extending through the forming and folding sections near
said supporting means, said forming section including a hopper for
supporting substantially flat carton blanks above the supporting
means, vacuum cup means mounted for vertical movement and
positioned and operable to grip the bottom panel of a blank in the
hopper and to draw said gripped blank down on to the supporting
means, guide means for engaging opposite side walls of the blank as
said blank is drawn downwardly and for inclining the side walls and
the respective securing flap and top panel connected thereto
upwardly and outwardly into an upwardly outwardly expanding U while
concurrently leaving at least one end of the carton completely
open, means defining a path for movement of a load of containers
horizontally through said open end onto the bottom panel of the
blank within said outwardly expanding U, folding means in the
forming section for swinging said side end flaps inwardly, folding
the securing flap inwardly, and folding the top panel over the
container load and the infolded securing panel to form a carton
around said load.
15. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 14 including in said
folding section means for folding said top and bottom flaps over
the infolded side end flaps as said carton is moved through the
folding section by said conveyor.
16. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 15 including means in the
forming section and in the folding section to apply glue
respectively to said securing flap before the top panel is folded
thereon and to portions of said end flaps before the top and bottom
flaps are folded.
17. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 16 including pressure
means in said folding section positioned to bear against the folded
top panels to press said panels against the securing flaps as the
cartons are moved through the folding section.
18. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 16 including a sealing
section aligned with said folding section to receive cartons
therefrom, and pressure means in said sealing section for moving
the cartons therethrough and pressing the folded end flaps until
said glue can hold said end flaps.
19. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 16 including pressure
means in said folding section positioned to bear against the folded
top panels to press said panels against the securing flaps as the
cartons are moved through the folding section, a sealing section
aligned with said folding section to receive cartons therefrom, and
pressure means in said sealing section for moving the cartons
therethrough and pressing the folded end flaps until said glue can
hold said end flaps.
20. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 19 including pressure
means in said sealing section positioned to maintain pressure
against the top panels during movement thereof through the sealing
section.
21. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 14 in which said hopper is
adapted to hold a stack of said blanks, and includes a pair of
opposed corrugated walls, the corrugations of one of said walls
opposing the corrugations in the other of said walls with each
corrugation that curves outwardly of the hopper opposed by a
corrugation curving inwardly thereof, whereby each pair of opposed
corrugations supports only a relatively few blanks of the
stack.
22. Carton forming and loading apparatus for blanks cut and creased
for cartons having top and bottom panels, side walls connected to
opposite edges of the bottom panel, a securing flap connected to a
free edge of one of the side walls, side end flaps connected to
ends of the side walls and top and bottom end flaps connected
respectively to the top panel and the bottom panel, said top panel
being connected to a free edge of the other one of the side walls,
comprising a forming section and a folding section arranged in
succession, supporting means extending through said sections, a
conveyor extending through the forming and folding sections near
said supporting means, a hopper above the supporting means in the
forming section for supporting a stack of substantially flat carton
blanks, spaced apart and opposed guides positioned above the level
of said supporting means, vacuum cup means normally positioned at
or a little below the level of the supporting means, power means
connected to said cup means and operable to move the latter
upwardly between the guides and against the lowermost blank in the
stack and to move the blank engaged by the cup means downwardly
between the guides and on to the supporting means, said guides
including means for engaging said side walls of the blank as said
blank is drawn downwardly and for inclining the side walls and the
respective securing flap and top panel connected thereto into an
upwardly outwardly expanding U while concurrently leaving at least
one end of the carton completely open, means defining a path for
movement of a load of containers horizontally through said open end
on to the bottom panel of the blank within said outwardly expanding
U, means in the forming section for swinging said side end flaps
inwardly, and operating means connected to the guides to swing the
side walls inwardly and to fold the securing flap inwardly and to
fold the top panel over the container load and the infolded
securing flap to form a carton around said load.
23. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 22 including in said
folding section means for folding said top and bottom flaps over
the infolded side end flaps as said carton is moved through the
folding section by said conveyor.
24. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 23 including means in the
forming section and in the folding section to apply glue
respectively to said securing flap before the top panel is folded
thereon and to portions of said end flaps before the top and bottom
flaps are folded.
25. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 24 including pressure
means in said folding section positioned to bear against the folded
top panels to press said panels against the securing flaps as the
cartons are moved through the folding section.
26. Carton apparatus as claimed in claim 24 including a sealing
section aligned with said folding section to receive cartons
therefrom, and pressure means in said sealing section for moving
the cartons therethrough and pressing the folded end flaps until
said glue can hold said end flaps.
Description
This invention relates to apparatus for simultaneously forming and
loading a carton with containers, such as cans, bottles, packages,
and the like.
In the packaging field, open cartons are formed, and after the
containers to be packaged are loaded therein, top flaps are glued
into place to close and seal the carton. This is a relatively slow
process, and results in a waste of carton material, such as
corrugated cardboard, because of the necessary large flap overlaps.
This also necessitates machinery for forming the cartons, followed
by the handling of these piror to the loading operation. Another
development has been the end-loading cartons. In the latter a
sleeve is formed of the carton material, and then the containers
are moved into the sleeve through an open end thereof, after which
end flaps are glued into place. This is a faster method than the
ordinary carton method and usually wastes less carton material, but
it is still necessary to have machines to form the tubes and then
to handle these prior to the loading operation.
The present invention overcomes the above drawbacks by providing
apparatus in which each carton is simultaneously formed and loaded.
One machine does the two jobs, and as the forming and loading takes
place simultaneously, there is a great saving of time in the
loading and forming operation. The load of containers can be in
single tiers or in double tiers. Although it is possible to load in
double tiers with the sleeve carton method, it is not very
practical. The present apparatus is designed to receive and handle
single tiers or double tiers of containers. Another advantage is
that during operation of the apparatus the containers are always
visible until a stage in the forming operation is reached where
they cannot get out of position. One of the drawbacks of sleeve
loading is the fact that a container can get out of position when
the load is being inserted into the sleeve and not be seen, thereby
causing trouble in the end flap gluing stages.
Apparatus in accordance with the present invention includes a
hopper for supporting a colume of carton blanks without the weight
of the column resting on the lowermost blank. Suction or vacuum
means draws the lowermost blank down into loading position, and
during this movement side areas of the carton are folded upwardly.
After a pair of flaps at one end of the carton have been moved
inwardly, a single tier or a double tier of load containers is
moved against these flaps which are fully supported at this time
and onto the portion of the blank which forms the carton bottom.
The containers are fully visible during this operation so that it
is immediately known if any container is out of position. End flaps
at the opposite end of the carton are folded inwardly, and then the
remaining side areas of the blank are consecutively folded inwardly
over the tops of the load containers, glue having been applied to a
portion of one or both of these side areas. Another advantage of
this apparatus is that the top portion of the loaded carton can be
folded down tightly against the containers since no clearance is
necessary for movement of the containers as they are located in
their final positions within the carton. The loaded carton is now
moved out of the loading ositions and along a path where additional
end flaps are folded inwardly and secured in position. Although any
suitable securing means may be used for holding the elements of the
carton together, such as staples, it is preferable to use glue for
this purpose in accordance with general practice. Glue is applied
where necessary before the end flaps are folded into final position
and pressure applied thereto.
Prior to the loading operation, the load containers are formed into
single tiers or double tiers. For a single tier, the containers are
formed into a group of a desired number and in a predetermined
number of rows. Suitable means moves this group into position over
the bottom panel of the blank which has been drawn down into the
loading position. If a double tier is required, two groups of the
desired number of containers are separately formed, and then one
tier is placed on a plate over the other tier, following which the
tiers are moved into the forming apparatus. The containers of the
upper tier are usually staggered relative to those of the lower
tier, and when the lower tier reaches its final position, the upper
tier continues to move until each upper container is over and rests
upon a lower container.
An example of apparatus in accordance with this invention is
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
FIGS. 1 to 4 diagrammatically illustrated the folding of a blank
into a carton and the loading during the folding operation,
FIG. 5 is a side elevation of the carton forming and loading
apparatus,
FIG. 6 is a plan view of this apparatus with some of the infeed
mechanism removed for clarity,
FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-section taken on the line 7--7 of FIG.
6,
FIG. 8 is an enlarged isometric view of the hopper for holding the
carton blanks in this apparatus,
FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section taken on the
line 9--9 of FIG. 6,
FIG. 10 is an enlarged end elevation of the conveyor in this
apparatus, and including an infeed ramp and a stabilizer plate in
side elevation,
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of the suction cup arrangement and the
drive therefore,
FIG. 12 is an enlarged section taken on the line 12--12 of FIG.
6,
FIG. 13 is an enlarged horizontal section taken on the line 13--13
of FIG. 5, and
FIG. 14 is an enlarged section taken on the line 14--14 of FIG.
5.
GENERAL
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 of the drawings, 10 is a carton blank
creased and cut to form a bottom panel 11, side walls or panels 12
and 13, a top panel 14 and a narrow securing or glue flap 15. The
blank has the same flap arrangement at each end thereof, and these
include bottom end flaps 18, side end flaps 19 and 20, and top end
flaps 21. The length of securing flap 15 is the same as that of top
panel 14, and it may have flaps at its opposite ends, but it is
preferred to cut these end flaps away thereby forming notches 23 in
the corners of the blank at opposite ends of the securing flap.
The folding and loading of the carton or case takes place in
successive steps in the folding and loading apparatus of this
invention. The flat blank 10 is drawn downwardly by suction means
from the bottom of a hopper into an open U formation as illustrated
in FIG. 2. Side end flaps 19 and 20 at one end of the blank are
folded inwardly, and then the load of containers, such as cans 26,
is moved over bottom panel 11, after which end flaps 19 and 20 at
the opposite end of the blank are folded inwardly. Side wall panels
12 and 13 are pressed into vertical positions, and glue, if glue is
the securing means, is applied to the outer surface of flap 15. The
securing flap is folded inwardly, and top panel 14 is folded over
the load and down onto the glue flap to form carton or case 28, as
illustrated in FIG. 4. The carton is moved out of the loading
position and during this movement glue is applied to portions of
side end flaps 19 and 20 of both ends of the carton, and lower and
upper end flaps 18 and 21 are folded inwardly. Pressure is
maintained against upper panel 14 during this time, and pressure is
applied to the end flaps for a period sufficient to enable the glue
or adhesive to take a firm hold. Although this apparatus is
described in connection with the use of glue for securing the flaps
together, it is to be understood that other fastening means may be
used, such as, for example, stapling means. In this case, stapling
guns would be suitably located to secure top panel 14 to flap 15,
and to secure the two sets of end flaps 18 and 21 in closed
position.
FIGS. 5 to 14 illustrate carton forming and loading apparatus 35
for forming a flat blank into a partial carton, loading the carton,
and finishing the carton around the load. Apparatus 35 includes a
forming section 38 in which the carton is formed and loaded, a
folding section 40 in which the upper and lower end flaps are
folded and glued in position, and a sealing section 42 in which the
flaps are pressed until the glue can firmly hold them in
position.
FORMING SECTION
Apparatus 35 includes a base frame 45 mounted on supports or legs
46, and a supporting frame 48 carried by vertical supports 49
extending upwardly from the base frame. Supporting frame 48 is
located above forming section 38 and folding section 40.
A hopper 52 is mounted on supporting frame 48 above forming section
38. This hopper holds a stack of blanks 10 above the forming
section, see FIG. 8. Hopper 52 is made up of a pair of opposed
corrugated walls, and a pair of opposed smooth walls. The
corrugations of the opposed walls correspond to each other, that
is, if a corrugation of one wall projects inwardly of the hopper,
the corresponding or opposite corrugation of the opposite wall
projects outwardly of the hopper. The term "corrugation" as used
herein is intended to cover the undulating structure shown, an
angular zig-zag arrangement or similar structure. The blanks in the
hopper rest upon these corrugations so that each set of
corrugations supports only a few blanks thereabove. The blanks at
the bottom of the hopper rest on suitable supports spaced a little
below the lowest corrugations. As there is only the weight of a few
blanks on these supports, it is possible to draw the lowermost
blank downwardly out of the hopper without having to apply undue
force and without danger of tearing the blank. The hopper does not
have any bottom, and the lowermost blank is supported by the
lowermost opposed corrugations of the hopper walls.
FIG. 8 illustrates hopper 52. Instead of having opposed solid
walls, the walls of this hopper are made up of pairs of opposed
plates in order to save material and reduce weight. In this
example, one wall of the hopper is made up of pair of corrugated
plates 55 and the opposite wall by a pair of corrugated plates 56,
the corrugations of which correspond as described above. The
remaining two walls are made up of pairs of plain plates 58 and 59,
all of these plates being suitably mounted on supporting frame 48
and projecting upwardly therefrom. Each of the plates 55 and 56 is
formed with a straight vertical section 60 below its lowermost
corrugation, and a suitable support projects inwardly of the hopper
from this section. In this example, this support is made up of a
plurality of small cleats 61. The ends of a few of the lower-most
blanks rest upon support cleats 61, while the rest of the blanks
are supported in small groups by the corrugations of plates 55 and
56. Plates 58 and 59 keep the blanks in proper alignment over
forming section 38.
Tracks means 62 extends through the apparatus sections 38, 40 and
42, see FIGS. 6,7,10 and 13, and consists of a pair of spaced
plates 64 and 65 laterally spaced from another pair of spaced
plates 67 and 68. These plates act as tracks upon which each blank
is formed into a carton and then is transported through the
apparatus. Either or both of the pairs of plates 64, 65 and 67, 68
is or are adjustable laterally of the apparatus so as to be able to
accommodate cartons of different sizes. A conveyor 70 is provided
for moving the cartons through the apparatus. In this example,
conveyor 70 consists of a pair of chains 72 and 73 located beneath
plates 64 and 65, and another pair of chains 75 and 76 located
beneath plates 67 and 68, see FIG. 13. These chains extend around
sprockets 78 and 79 located at the outer ends of adjacent sections
40 and 38 of the apparatus. The sprockets for chains 72 and 73 are
mounted on suitable shafts on one side of the apparatus, while the
sprockets for chains 75 and 76 are mounted on suitable shafts on
the other side of the apparatus so that the chains and sprockets
can be adjusted relative to each other for cartons of different
sizes. A power unit, such as an electric motor 82, drives conveyor
70 through a chain 83 which turns the shaft on which the sprockets
at one end of the conveyor are mounted.
A plurality of pairs of fingers 86 are mounted on the pairs of
chains 72, 73 and 75, 76, see FIGS. 5 and 10. Each finger 86 is
substantially triangular in shape, and has a base 88 carrying
therein rollers 89 which are adapted to ride on guide tracks 91 and
92 located respectively between the upper runs of chains 72, 73 and
75, 76. At this time, fingers 86 extend upwardly through the spaces
between plates 64, 65 and 67, 68. The forward end of each finger 86
is swingably connected by a link 95 to a pin 96 which extends
between and is connected to either the chains 72, 73 or chains 75,
76. When the conveyor chains swing around sprockets 78, the pairs
of fingers 86 swing downwardly and are supported only through pins
96 by their respective chains. If desired, webbing 100 and 101 may
be positioned below the lower runs of the conveyor chains in order
to support the outer or free ends of the fingers as they move back
towards the forming section of the apparatus, as shown in FIG. 5.
When the chains swing around sprockets 79, the rollers 89 of the
fingers engage the curved forward ends 104 and 105 of tracks 91 and
92, respectively, so that the fingers are moved into the erect
position as they move back onto said tracks.
FIGS. 6, 7 and 11 show a suction or vacuum cup arrangement for
consecutively drawing blanks 10 downwardly from hopper 52. This
arrangement includes at least one and preferably a pair of
supporting bars 112 and 113 carrying a plurality of suction or
vacuum cups 115 and 116, respectively. There may be one or more of
these cups on each bar. Bars 112 and 113 are positioned below slots
118 and 119 in plates 65 and 68, and are normally positioned so
that the rims of their respective suction cups 115 and 116 are
locted at or slightly below the levels of these plates. Bars 112
and 113 are carried by the upper ends of vertical rods 120 and 121,
the lower ends of which are secured to and carried by guide blocks
123 and 124. These blocks are slidably mounted on guide rods 126
and 127 which are fixedly connected to base frame 45. Guide blocks
123 and 124 are connected to the ends of a shaft 128 upon which a
sleeve 129 is mounted.
Supporting bars 112 and 113 are hollow and communicate with the
interiors of cups 115 and 116 through openings 130 and 131 in said
cups. Hoses 132 and 133 connect these bars to a suitable vacuum
source 134.
Suction cups 115 and 116 are selectively raised and lowered by
suitable apparatus for this purpose. In this example, an endless
chain 136 is trained around a lower sprocket 137 and an upper
sprocket 138. The chain has a horizontal section 139 and a vertical
section 140. This is accomplished by training the chain around
intermediate lower and upper sprockets 141 and 142. The outer end
of a piston rod 143 is connected at 144 to chain 136, and this
piston rod extends out of a fluid cylinder 145 suitably mounted in
the apparatus and extending longitudinally thereof. A lug 146 is
secured to and extends upwardly from sleeve 129 and is secured to a
vertical portion of chain 136 at 147. With this arrangement, when
piston rod 143 is retracted from its normal position, chain 136 is
moved to lift supporting bars 112 and 113 and their respective
suction cups 115 and 116 upwardly sufficiently to cause these cups
to engage the lowermost blank in hopper 52. When rod 143 is
extended back to its normal position, the suction cups are drawn
downwardly to the level of track means 62 so that the blank engaged
by these cups rests on the track means.
A pair of swing plates or gates 150 and 151 are located at one side
of forming section 38 and operated by a fluid cylinder 152, see
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. Similarly, another pair of swing plates or gates
154 and 155 are located at the opposite side of the forming section
and are operated by a fluid cylinder 156. As the operating linkage
of gates 150, 151 and 154, 155 are the same, only one will now be
described in detail, the same numerals being used for the linkage
parts of the two pairs of gates.
Gate 151 is swingably mounted on a vertical pin 160, and an arm 161
projects outwardly from the gate at the pin. A connecting link 163
extends from arm 161 to another arm 164 mounted on a vertical pin
165. This arm 164 forms part of a bell crank having another arm 166
which is connected by a link 167 to an arm 168 connected to gate
150 at the vertical pin 170 upon which said gate is swingably
mounted. Bell crank 164, 166 is swingably mounted on a vertical pin
165. Arm 161 of gate 151 is connected to the piston rod 172 of
cylinder 152, while arm 161 of gate 154 is connected to the piston
rod 173 of cylinder 156. When rods 172 and 173 are extended
relative to their respective cylinders, gates 150, 151 and 154, 155
are closed, that is, they extend across the opposite ends of
forming section 38. When the piston rods 172 and 173 are retracted,
the four gates are opened to permit movement into and out of the
forming section. The load of containers to be wrapped or placed in
cartons can be directed into the forming section from either side
thereof, but in this example, the containers are directed into the
forming section in the direction of arrow 175 in FIG. 6.
The mechanism for folding each carton blank into a tube around a
load of containers is illustrated in FIG. 9, and can be seen in
FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. A pair of horizontal and transverse shafts 180
and 181 are carried at their opposite ends by crossheads 182
slidably mounted on vertical rods 183 and 184 projecting upwardly
from base frame 45. These crossheads and shafts 180 and 181 can be
raised and lowered by means of screw mechanisms 186. A pair of
horizontal upper rails 190 and 191 are carried by shafts 180 and
181 and extend longitudinally of the apparatus above track means
62. The inner ends of rails 190 and 191 are bent upwardly into
inclined sections 193 and 194 which are located at one side of
forming section 38 above track means 62. Another pair of transverse
shafts 198 and 199, see FIG. 6, are mounted at opposite ends on
bars 201 which are carried by the upper ends of vertical rods 202
and 203, see FIG. 7, slidably mounted in base frame 45 and
adjustably secured thereto in any desired manner. A pair of
inclined guides 206 and 207 are mounted at the side of forming
section 38 opposite inclined sections or guides 193 and 194. The
guides 206 and 207 hang downwardly from horizontal plates 209 and
210 which are supported by shafts 198 and 199. When suction cups
115 and 116 engage the bottom panel 11 of a carton blank 10 and
draw the blank downwardly into the forming section, the side panels
12 and 13 of the blank engage inclined guides 193, 194 and 206, 207
so that the blank is formed into an open U during this
movement.
Sleeves 215 and 216 are mounted on shafts 180 and 181,
respectively, and have hangers 217 and 218 secured to and hanging
downwardly therefrom, see FIGS. 6 and 9. These hangers support a
horizontal base 220. A pair of axially aligned fluid cylinders 222
and 223 are fixedly secured together at their adjacent inner ends,
and slidably extend through bearings 225 and 226 secured to and
projecting upwardly from base 220. Cylinder 222 has a piston rod
230 connected at its outer end to a bar 231 which, in turn, is
fixedly secured to base 220. Cylinder 223 has a piston rod 234, the
outer end of which is connected to a link 235 projecting upwardly
from a slide 236 mounted in base 220 for a movement longitudinally
thereof. A plate 238 extending outside and parallel to th bottom of
base 220 and is secured to slide 236 by a spacer 239. The forward
end of plate 238 is bent upwardly at 241 and has a bar 242
extending across its outer end.
When piston rod 230 of cylinder 222 is extended, the fact that it
is connected to base 220 through bar 231 causes this cylinder,
cylinder 223, slide 236 and plate 238 to move as a unit away from
said bar 231. When piston rod 234 is extended from its cylinder
223, only slide 236 and plate 238 are moved outwardly over forming
section 38.
At the opposite side of the forming section, see FIG. 9, sleeves
245 and 246 are mounted on shafts 198 and 199, and hangers 248 and
249 are suspended from these sleeves and carry a base 251. A slide
253 is mounted in base 251 for movement longitudinally thereof, and
has a flange 254 projecting downwardly from its outer end. Slide
253 is moved back and forth by a fluid cylinder 257 mounted on the
lower surface of base 251, this cylinder having a piston rod 259
projecting therefrom connected to a link 260 which is secured to
and depends from slide 253.
A folder plate 264 normally projects upwardly from a sleeve 265
mounted on a pin 266 carried by slide 253. An arm 268 is secured to
and is inclined upwardly from sleeve 265, and the outer end of a
piston rod 270 is connected to this arm, said rod extending
outwardly from a fluid cylinder 271, the opposite end of which is
connected to a support 272 projecting upwardly from slide 253.
When piston rod 259 is extended from its cylinder 257, slide 253
moves outwardly, folder plate 264 and cylinder 271 moving with it.
When piston rod 270 of cylinder 271 is extended, folder plate 264
swings downwardly towards a horizontal position.
The containers or cans to be inserted into the cartons are arranged
in groups of any desired number, and are moved over a plate 290 by
suitable means not shown, towards the forming section 38 of the
apparatus see FIG. 10. The group of containers is moved over a ramp
292 from the plate, said ramp having opposite upstanding side walls
293. The inner edge of the ramp rests on plate 68, while a sleeve
294 secured to the undersurface of the ramp near its outer edge is
mounted on a supporting shaft 295.
An arm 297 inclined downwardly from sleeve 294 is connected by a
vertical link 298 to one arm 299 of a bell crank mounted on a
supporting shaft 301, the other arm 302 of this bell crank being
connected to a piston rod 303 of a fluid cylinder 304. After a
group or load of containers has been moved into the forming
section, cylinder 304 is energized to swing ramp 292 upwardly out
of the way in order that gate 154 and 155 may be swung shut.
This apparatus is designed so that it can be adjusted to handle two
tiers of containers, if desired. The upper tier of containers is
moved towards the forming section over a loading plate 308 spaced
above loading plate 290, see FIG. 10. When the upper and lower
tiers of containers are moved towards the forming section, the
containers of the upper tier move off plate 308 onto the upper ends
of the containers of the lower tier. As the upper tier containers
progress, they move beneath upper horizontal guides 312 which are
fixedly mounted on shaft 301 and extend parallel to but above ramp
292. The upper containers also move beneath a stabilizer a plate
315 which extends towards the forming section from a sleeve 316
rotatably mounted on the shaft 301. An arm 318 is fixed to and
inclined upwardly from sleeve 316 is connected to a piston rod 319
of a fluid cylinder 320, the opposite end of which is mounted on a
pin 321 carried by suitable support 322. Stabilizer plate 315 is
inclined downwardly slightly so that as the containers move beneath
it they press the free or inner edge of the plate upwardly, but
when the last container clears the plate, the latter drops
downwardly slightly to engage the last row of containers to prevent
them from springing back out of position. When apparatus 35 is
adjusted to handle an upper tier of containers, it is necessary to
provide gates 150 and 151 with upwardly-projecting extensions 335
and 336, shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5. These extensions oppose
the movement of the upper tier of containers and so limit the
movement thereof into the forming section.
FORMING AND LOADING OPERATION
A stack of blanks 10 is maintained in hopper 52. As stated above,
the corrugations of end plate 55 and 56 keep the load of most of
the blanks off the lowermost one. Starting with ramp 292 and
stabilizer plate 315 in horizontal positions, if the latter is
used, with gate 150, 151 and 154, 155 open, and with slides 236 and
253 retracted away from the forming section, cylinder 145 is
energized to raise suction or vacuum cups 115 and 116 upwardly to
engage the lowermost blank in the stack. A vacuum is applied to the
suction cups to cause them to grip the blank. Then cylinder 145 is
reversed to move the suction cups and the gripped blank downwardly
in forming section 38, during which movement parts of the blank
engaging inclined guides 193 and 206 so that the blank is folded
into an open U. Cylinder 152 is energized to close gates 150 and
151, and this swings the end flaps 19 and 20 of the side walls of
the blank inwardly across the end of the blank bottom panel 11, as
shown in FIG. 2. While suction is maintained in the vacuum cups,
the single tier or double tier of containers is moved into the
folding section over the bottom of the carton blank against the
infolded end flaps which are braced by gates 150 and 151. If a
double tier is being loaded, the upper tier is moved against the
vertical extensions 335 and 336 of the gates. The free edge of
stabilizer plate 315 drops down behind the containers of the upper
tier to keep them in place. Cylinders 222 and 257 are energized to
move slides 236 and 253, respectively, inwardly to straighten up
the side walls or panels of the blank. Cylinder 304 is energized to
raise ramp 292 and upper guides 312 out of the way, and then
cylinder 156 is energized to close gates 154 and 155. This swings
the opposite end flaps 19 and 20 of the blank inwardly across the
end of bottom panel 11, as shown in FIG. 3.
Guns 345 of standard design and operation, which are mounted at the
outer side of folding section 38, see FIGS. 5 and 6 are operated to
squirt glue onto the outer surface of flap 15, following which
cylinder 271 is energized to swing folder plate 264 downwardly.
This swings glue flap 15 into the horizontal position. Cylinder 223
is energized to move slide 236 and its bar 242 inwardly to swing
the top blank panel 14 inwardly and down onto the glue flap, the
slide pressing the panel against the flap at this time. The closed
container is shown in FIG. 4. Its upper and lower end flaps 18 and
21 at this time are still projecting outwardly from the main body
of the carton.
MOtor 82 is energized to start conveyor 70 moving. This causes a
pair of fingers 86 of the conveyor to engage the side wall 13 of
the folded carton or case and to move it out of forming section 38
into folding section 40. Slide plate 238 and then rails 190 and 191
keep the top panel 14 pressed downwardly during this movement.
Following this, slide 236 and 253 and their associated elements are
withdrawn from the forming section, the gates 150, 151 and 154, 155
are swung into the open position, and ramp 191 and guides 312 are
swung downwardly into their horizontal positions. When the suction
cups are moved upwardly, cylinder 320 is energized to swing
stabilizer plate 315 upwardly out of the way so that it does not
interfere with the movement of the next blank downwardly into the
forming section.
FOLDING SECTION
Glue is applied to the end flaps 19 and 20 and/or end flaps 18 and
21 at opposite ends of the cartons, following which end flaps 18
and 21 are folded inwardly in folding section 40. Alternatively,
glue may be applied to the inner surfaces of flaps 19 and 20 before
the latter are folded inwardly. As the mechanism is exactly the
same at each end of the carton, one only will now be described in
detail, but the same reference numerals are used on the same parts
at both sides of the machine.
Upper and lower end folding plates 340 and 341 have horizontal
sections 342 and 343, respectively, at the levels of rails 190, 191
and plates 64, 67, see FIGS. 5, 12 and 13. Upper plate 340 twists
from its horizontal section 342 into a vertical section 346, while
lower plate 341 twists from its horizontal section 343 into a
vertical section 347. Upper plate 340 is a little advanced relative
to lower plate 341 with respect to the movement of the cartons
through the apparatus, as shown in FIG. 12, so that upper end flaps
21 are folded downwardly before the lower end flaps 18 are folded
upwardly.
Any suitable glue applicating means can be used. In this example,
glue guns 350, see FIG. 5 are located on opposite sides of track
means 62 so as to spray glue on to the infolded end flaps 19 and 20
prior to the folding of flaps 18 and 21.
As each carton with its load is moved through apparatus 35, upper
flaps 21 thereof engage the upper folding plates 340 at opposite
sides of the machine and are folded downwardly thereby. The lower
end flaps 18 engage lower folding plates 341 and are folded
upwardly thereby, following which the carton continues to advance
into sealing section 42.
SEALING SECTION
Sealing section 42 is made up of spaced parallel identical side
sections 360 and 361, see FIGS. 5, 6, 12, 13 and 14. One or both of
these sections is mounted so as to be movable towards and away from
the other section so as to accommodate cartons of different
sizes.
Vertical shafts 363 and 364 are mounted at the entrance end 365 and
discharge end 366 of the sealing section. An endless belt 369
extends around rollers 360 and 371 mounted respectively on shafts
362 and 364. Tracks or plates 64 and 67 extend through the sealing
section. If desired, shaft 364 can be mounted so as to be
adjustable towards and away from sahft 363 in order to enable the
tension on belt 369 to be adjusted.
Shaft 363 extends downwardly into a gear box 375 which is
operatively connected to a motor 376 through a chain drive 377.
Upper plates 385 and 386 extend longitudinally through section 42
above plates 64 and 67. These upper plates are aligned with rails
190 and 191 so that they exert a pressure on the upper surface of
the carton as it moves through this section.
Conveyor 70 discharges each carton into sealing section 42 where
belts 369 on opposite sides thereof pick it up and exert pressure
against the enfolded end flaps to firmly press them together and to
hold them in this position until the glue has set. Downward
pressure is maintained on the carton by plates 385 and 386 at this
time.
GENERAL OPERATION
The operation of forming and loading apparatus 35 is obvious from
the above. A carton blank is drawn downwardly by the suction cups
into forming section 38 and is folded into an open U at this time.
Folding gates are operated to fold end flaps at one end of the
carton blank inwardly. A single or double tier of containers is
moved in a group on to the bottom panel of the partially folded
blank. The gates are operated to fold the opposite end flaps 19 and
20 inwardly, and the side panels of the blank are moved into the
upright position. Glue is applied to the outer surface of glue flap
15 and the latter bent inwardly, following which the top panel 14
is folded over and pressed against the glue flap.
The carton is then moved through folding section 40 where glue is
applied to the infolded end flaps 19 and 20, and end flaps 18 and
21 are folded over these flaps. The carton then progresses through
sealing section 42 where all of the glued flaps are firmly pressed
into position and retained until the glue has set.
* * * * *