U.S. patent number 3,781,864 [Application Number 05/232,462] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for driving arrangement for liquid crystal displays.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha. Invention is credited to Kinji Fujita.
United States Patent |
3,781,864 |
Fujita |
December 25, 1973 |
DRIVING ARRANGEMENT FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
Abstract
An arrangement for driving liquid crystal displays wherein an
alternating driving voltage is applied to the display segments
through a driving circuit formed from complementary field effect
transistors. The output signal associated with each display segment
and the inverse thereof are alternately applied to the segmented
electrode in response to an alternating control signal, the inverse
of said control signal being applied to the common electrode of the
display.
Inventors: |
Fujita; Kinji (Nagano,
JA) |
Assignee: |
Kabushiki Kaisha Suwa Seikosha
(Tokyo, JA)
|
Family
ID: |
11707702 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/232,462 |
Filed: |
February 25, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
|
|
|
|
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Feb 25, 1971 [JA] |
|
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46/8976 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
368/219; 368/204;
368/242; 968/933; 345/54; 327/576 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09G
3/18 (20130101); G04G 9/0047 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
G09G
3/18 (20060101); G04G 9/00 (20060101); G08b
005/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;340/324R,336 ;350/16LC
;307/313 ;58/23A,5R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Trafton; David L.
Claims
WWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A driving arrangement for a liquid crystal display comprising
control circuit means formed from complementary field effect
transistors for applying an alternating driving voltage to said
liquid crystal display.
2. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 1, wherein said liquid
crystal display is the display dial of an electronic watch.
3. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 1, wherein said liquid
crystal display includes a segmented electrode, a common electrode
in spaced relation to said segmented electrode and liquid crystal
material between said segmented and common electrodes; decoder
means for producing a substantially DC driving signal associated
with each segment of said segmented electrode; said control circuit
means including select gate means associated with each of said
segmented electrode segments, means for applying both the
associated DC driving voltage and inverse thereof to said select
gate means; means for applying an AC control signal to said select
gate means for controlling the transmission thereof so that said
select gate means alternately transmits said driving signal and the
inverse thereof to the associated segmented electrode segment in
response to said AC control signal, and means for applying the
inverse of said AC control signal to said common electrode.
4. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 3, wherein said
control circuit means is adapted so that the AC signal applied to
each segment of said segmented electrode to be displayed is out of
phase with the signal applied to said common elecrode while the AC
signal applied to each segment of said segmented electrode which is
not to be displayed is in phase with the signal applied to said
common electrode.
5. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 3, wherein said select
gate means includes first and second transmission gates each formed
from a pair of complementary field effect transistors, the
associated DC driving signal being applied to the source-drain path
of said first transmission gate and the inverse of said DC driving
signal being applied to the source-drain path of said second
transmission gate, said AC control signal being applied to one of
the gate electrodes of each of said first and second transmission
gates and the inverse of said AC control signal being applied to
the other gate electrode of each of said transmission gates.
6. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 3, wherein said select
gate means includes first and second AND gate means, said first AND
gate means having as its inputs the associated DC driving signal
and said AC control signal, said second AND gate means having as
its inputs the inverse of said DC driving signal and the inverse of
said AC control signal; and an OR gate interconnecting the outputs
of said first and second AND gate means and the associated segments
of said segmented electrode.
7. A driving arrangement for liquid crystal display panels having a
segmented electrode, a common electrode, and liquid crystal
material intermediate said segmented and common electrode
comprising decoder means for producing DC driving signals
associated with each segment of said segmented electrode; control
circuit means having select gate means associated with each of said
DC driving signals; means for applying said DC driving signal and
the inverse thereof to each of said select gate means; means for
applying an AC control signal to said select gate means so that
said DC driving signal and the inverse thereof are alternately
applied to the associated segment of said segmented electrode in
response to said AC control signal, and means for applying the
inverse of said AC control signal to said common electrode.
8. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 7, wherein said
control circuit means is formed from complementary field effect
transistors.
9. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 8, wherein said liquid
crystal display is the display dial of an electronic watch.
10. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 7, wherein said
control circuit means is adapted so that the AC signal applied to
each segment of said segmented electrode to be displayed is out of
phase with the signal applied to said common electrode while the AC
signal applied to each segment of said segmented electrode which is
not to be displayed is in phase with the signal applied to said
common electrode.
11. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 7, wherein said
select gate means includes first and second transmission gates each
formed from a pair of complementary field effect transistors, the
associated DC driving signal being applied to the source-drain path
of said first transmission gate and the inverse of said DC driving
signal being applied to the source-drain path of said second
transmission gate, said AC control signal being applied to one of
the gate electrodes of each of said first and second transmission
gates and the inverse of said AC control signal being applied to
the other gate electrode of each of said transmission gates.
12. A driving arrangement as recited in claim 7, wherein said
select gate means includes first and second AND gate means, said
first AND gate means having as its inputs the associated DC driving
signal and said AC control signal, said second AND gate means
having as its inputs the inverse of said DC driving signal and the
inverse of said AC control signal; and an OR gate interconnecting
the outputs of said first and second AND gate means and the
associated segments of said segmented electrode.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to driving arrangements for liquid crystal
display panels and in particular, to driving arrangements for
liquid crystal display panels adapted for continuous display in a
timepiece such as a watch.
Liquid crystal display panels are generally driven by a DC voltage.
However, where the liquid crystal is to be operated for a
relatively long time, as where the displays operate continuously,
the liquid crystal material and the electrodes of the display
deteriorate due to hydrolysis and other effects. In order to
eliminate these defects, and to prolong the life of the liquid
crystal materials, it has been proposed to drive the liquid crystal
displays by an AC signal. Such AC driving signal has heretofore
been provided by means of Triac elements and the like, which
elements have proved difficult to intergrate and to reduce in size.
By providing a driving arrangement formed from complementary field
effect transistors, the foregoing deficiencies have been
avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Generally speaking, in accordance with the invention, a driving
arrangement for liquid crystal displays is provided including
driving circuit means for producing an alternating driving voltage
and formed from integrated circuits consisting of complementary
field effect transistors. The liquid crystal display panel includes
a segmented electrode formed from a plurality of segments adapted
for selective energization to provide the desired display, a common
electrode, and liquid crystal material therebetween. Decoder means
produces DC driving signals associated with each of said segments,
said DC driving signals being applied to select gate means
controlled by an AC control signal for the alternate application of
said driving signals and the inverse thereof to the respective
liquid crystal segments. The inverse of said AC control signal is
simultaneously supplied to the common electrode of said liquid
crystal display.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide an
arrangement for driving liquid crystal displays which prolong the
life of the liquid crystal material during continuous
operation.
Still another object of the invention is to provide a driving
arrangement for liquid crystal displays which is reliable, of small
size, and consumes small amounts of power, so as to provide a
liquid crystal display which may be practically applied to
electronic watches.
Still other objects and advantages of the invention will in part be
obvious and will in part be apparent from the specification.
The invention accordingly comprises the features of construction,
combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will be
exemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth, and the
scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference is had to
the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1a is a top plan view of a liquid crystal display panel;
FIG. 1b is a sectional view taken along lines 1b--1b of FIG.
1a;
FIG. 2a is a block diagram of a conventional driving arrangement
for a liquid crystal display panel;
FIG. 2b is a circuit diagram of the output portion of the decoder
of FIG. 2a;
FIG. 3a is a circuit diagram of the control circuits of the driving
arrangement for a lqiuid crystal display panel in accordance with
the invention;
FIG.3b depicts the voltage wave forms of the circuit of FIG.
3a;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the control
circuits of the driving arrangement in accordance with the
invention; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a wristwatch incorporating a liquid
crystal display panel and the driving arrangement thereof in
accordance with the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to FIGS. 1a and 1b, a liquid crystal display panel
adapted for the digital display of a single numerical digit is
depicted. The display is of the seven-bar type which permits the
selective display of each number from 0 to 9 at a single digit
position. The display consists of an upper transparent plate 1
having a segmented electrode consisting of seven bar-shaped
segments a, b, c, d, e, f, and g deposited thereon in the
conventional seven bar display array. A transparent electrode
material, such as tin-oxide is preferably used for the segmented
electrode. A lower plate 2 having a common electrode P is
maintained in spaced relation to plate 1 by a circumferential
spacer 4 which serves to retain and fix the thickness of liquid
crystal material 3 retained between plates 1 and 2. When a voltage
is applied between one or more of the segmented electrodes and the
common electrodes, the liquid crystal material in the region
therebetween is disturbed to provide irregular reflection, and to
provide a visual indication of the specific segments to which said
voltage was applied. In this manner, a digital display of a number
may be produced by the selective application of voltages to the
respective segments of the segmented electrode.
Referring now to FIG. 2a, a conventional arrangement for driving
the segmented liquid crystal display panel of gates 1a and 1b is
depicted. In said arrangement, an input signal, in the form of a
BCD code, is applied to a decoder connected between a voltage
V.sub.DD from a power supply and ground. The outputs of the decoder
correspond to segments a, b, c, d, e, f, and g. Each liquid crystal
display segment is represented by its equivalent circuit consisting
of the parallel connection of a capacitor C and a resistor R
connected between one of the segmented electrodes and the common
electrode P, said common electrode being connected to ground. The
decoder of FIG. 2a is preferably formed from complementary field
effect transistors (hereinafter referred to as "C-MOS"). The
decoder serves to convert the four digit BCD input into appropriate
combinations of driving signals for application to the seven
segments of the segmented electrode of the display panel. One
embodiment of an output circuit of the decoder of FIG. 2a is
depicted in FIG. 2b, said output circuit consisting of an inverter
formed from C-MOS. The output voltage of said inverter is either
V.sub.DD or the ground voltage, depending on whether segment a is
to be energized, and therefore displayed. The C-MOS itself consumes
little electric energy at the transistion between said voltages so
that there is little loss in this arrangement during normal
operating conditions. Further, the impedance of the liquid crystal
material is so high and electric power consumption is so low, that
the liquid crystal is particularly suitable for application to
wristwatches. The driving arrangement depicted in FIGS. 2a and 2b
constitutes one form of DC driving arrangement. However, such DC
driving arrangements are not suitable for continuous operation, as
in a wristwatch, since both the liquid crystal material and the
electrodes deteriorate due to hydrolysis and the like.
Referring now to FIG. 3a, one arrangement of a control circuit for
driving a liquid crystal display device by an alternating voltage
is depicted. The output signals of the decoder depicted in FIG. 2a
are applied as input signals to the respective input terminals IN
(a, b, . . . , g). Each input signal is applied to the input of a
first transmission gate T.sub.1 and applied to an inverter
I.sub.IN. The output of inverter I.sub.IN, which is the inverse of
the voltage applied to input terminal a, is applied as the input to
second transmission gate T.sub.2. A corresponding pair of first and
second transmission gates T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 and an inverter
I.sub.IN are associated with each input terminal a, b, . . . , g,
the output of each pair of respective transmission gates being
connected respectively to one of the output terminals OUT (a, b, .
. . , g). Transmission gates T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are adapted to
alternately select one of the input signals applied to the input
terminals IN or the inverse thereof, and to alternately apply said
selected signal to output terminals OUT in response to an
alternating control signal applied to controlling terminal AC. The
control signal at terminal AC is applied through inverter I.sub.1
to a point P and to one of the gate electrodes of each of the
transmission gates. The output signal from inverter I.sub.1 is also
applied to inverter I.sub.2, which applies the inverse thereof to
the other gate electrode of each of said transmission gates. The
control signal applied to terminal AC is an alternating signal, and
the inverse thereof at point P is applied to the common electrode P
of the liquid crystal display.
Thus, when the signal at terminal AC is high, transmission gates
T.sub.1 are turned ON and trasmission gates T.sub.2 are turned OFF.
The output signals at output terminals OUT correspond in polarity
to the input signals applied to input terminals IN. When the
control signal at point AC is at a low level, the output signals at
output terminals OUT are inverted since transmission gates T.sub.1
are turned OFF and transmission gates T.sub.2 are turned ON. At
this point, the voltage at point P connected to the common
electrode is high, so that the segments are driven and displayed by
the voltage of inverted polarity. In this manner, the liquid
crystal display panel is driven by an alternating voltage having a
frequency of the control signal.
The voltage phase relation between the control signal at AC, the
voltage at point P, and the respective output voltages for display
of numerals "0" and "1" are depicted in FIG. 3b, from which it is
apparent that the alternating signal at point P and on the segments
of the segmented electrode to be displayed. are out of phase, while
the signal at point P and and on the segments which are not
displayed are in phase. The transmission gates of the embodiment of
FIG. 3a are formed from complementary field effect transistors.
A second embodiment of the driving arrangement for liquid crystal
displays in accordance with the invention is depicted in FIG. 4,
said arrangement substantially corresponding to the arrangement of
FIG. 3a except that transmission gates T.sub.1 and T.sub.2 are
replaced by AND gates A.sub.1 and A.sub.2, the outputs of each pair
of said end gates associated with each display segment being
applied to the input of an OR gate, the output of which is
connected to the respective segment. In the embodiment of FIG. 4,
when the voltage of the control signal at terminal AC is high, AND
gates A.sub.1 operate, while AND gates A.sub.2 operate in response
to a low voltage at terminal AC. The signal at point P is applied
to the common electrode of the liquid crystal display.
Referring now to FIG. 5, a block diagram of an electronic
wristwatch applying the driving arrangement according to the
invention is depicted. In said arrangement, an oscillator 5
produces a high frequency time standard signal for application to a
divider chain 6 which divides the high frequency time standard
signal into low frequency timing signals such as second signals,
minute signals and hour signals. Decoder 7 is preferably formed of
C-MOS and serves to decode the BCD output signal from divider 6 for
driving the seven segments at each digit of the liquid crystal
display panel 8. Decoder 7 incorporates the driving arrangement in
accordance with the invention consisting of the select gate
depicted in FIGS. 3a and 4 which provide the alternating driving
voltage. Divider 6 has a first output OUT.sub.a connected to the
input of decoder 7, and a second output OUT.sub.b connected to the
AC terminal of the decoder. The output OUT.sub.b is preferably from
an intermediate stage in a divider chain. Oscillator 1 may be a
quartz crystal or a mechanical vibrator.
The arrangement in accordance with the invention extends the life
of the liquid crystal dispaly panel by providing an alternating
driving voltage, and reduces the electric power consumption through
the use of integrated circuits formed from C-MOS. Accordingly, it
is particularly appropriate for application to wristwatches which
require small size and limited electric power consumption. Further,
the arrangement according to the invention permits the continuous
display of time in watches or clocks.
It will thus be seen that the objects set forth above, among those
made apparent from the preceding description, are efficiently
attained and, since certain changes may be made in the above
constructions without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above
description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be
interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended
to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention
herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention
which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall
therebetween.
* * * * *