U.S. patent number 3,780,943 [Application Number 05/280,476] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for spray apparatus and method.
Invention is credited to Duane F. Lilja.
United States Patent |
3,780,943 |
Lilja |
December 25, 1973 |
SPRAY APPARATUS AND METHOD
Abstract
A spray apparatus and method operable to concurrently discharge
a spray product and air under pressure upon a surface. The air
progressively atomizes the spray product upon discharge from an
applicator to convert it into a fine, particulate, uniform spray.
Air supply means provides air under pressure to a spray applicator
as well as a spray product reservoir. Erratic air pressure
fluctuation is not present in the reservoir. The air pressure
requirement for the spray apparatus is relatively small. BACKGROUND
OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the field of liquid spray
systems and in particular to those systems meant to provide a fine,
particulate spray of a liquid and a gas, usually air under
pressure. Such a system finds application, for example, in beauty
salons where hair setting liquids and hair holding liquids and the
like are in general use. While many of such liquids are available
in aerosol cans, large scale use of aerosol cans is not
economically feasible, and the use of such spray systems is
preferred. One such spraying mechanism for use in beauty salons is
described in U. S. Pat. No 3,122,324 to Lee. Other spray apparatus
for various applications ar disclosed in U. S. Pat. No. 1,185,888
to Durham et al.; U. S. Pat. No, 2,743,134 to Smith; and U. S. Pat.
No. 3,236,459 to McRitchie. These spray systems usually include a
liquid or spray product reservoir for storing the spray product,
and an applicator or spray means, such as a spray gun, associated
with the reservoir to concurrently discharge air and the spray
product on the surface to be srayed. Air supply means, usually an
air compressor, supplies air or other gas under pressure to both
the spray gun and the reservoir. For example, as shown in the
patent to Durham et al, an air line extending from an air supply
separates into two branches, the first branch supplying air under
pressure to the reservoir, and a second branch to a spray nozzle.
The first branch provides air pressure necessary in the reservoir
to move the spray product out, while the second branch provides air
under pressure at the nozzle to mix with and atomize the spray
product as it is discharged. In the patent to Lee, an air line from
an air supply terminates at the spray product reservoir. A second
air line extends from the reservoir to a spray gun to provide it
with the necessary pressurized air, whereby the reservoir actually
constitutes a link in the passage of air from the air supply to the
spray gun. In those spray systems of the prior art, as above
described, the air supply means provides air under pressure
simultaneously to the spray product reservoir and the spray gun.
When the air supply line is opened, as by opening the spray nozzle,
pressure in the air line drops. Air under pressure in the product
reservoir, following a path of least resistance, leaves the
reservoir through the inlet, flowing back into the now-lower
pressure air line. When the air supply means is again operable to
pressurize the system, air flows back into the product reservoir.
Thus it may be seen that there is a continual flow of air into and
out of the product reservoir, and the spray product in the
reservoir experiences erratic pressure fluctuation. The amount and
the pressure of spray product thereby delivered to the spray means
necessarily fluctuates also. Liquids which are quick to evaporate,
such as ether, are not susceptible of spraying in these
conventional systems. With the air continually moving in and out of
the reservoir, the product is quick to evaporate, saturating the
air passing through the air line. In order to maintain an
acceptably uniform, particulate spray at the spray nozzle, it is
necessary, therefore, in the afore-mentioned spray systems, to use
a relatively high air pressure as compared to that of the present
invention. Due to the fluctuating supply and pressure of the spray
product, if a low air pressure is utilized, the resultant spray is
not fine and particulate as desired, but contains large globules of
spray product. For example, the patent to Lee, when using the spray
mechanism in beauty salon applications, suggests the use of an air
pressure of 20 pounds per square inch. Thereby the ratio of the
pressure fluctuation in the reservoir to the total pressure of the
system is reduced to somewhat minimize the effect of the pressure
fluctuations. Nonetheless, it would be desirable to entirely
eliminate the pressure fluctuations in the reservoir, while at the
same time operating a spray system at a relatively low air
pressure. In addition, the product reservoir of the spraying
mechanism of the patent to Lee includes a dip tube or a flexible
tube extending from the top of the reservoir to the bottom, the
product line being connected to the dip tube at the top. The use of
such dip tubes in other systems is common. Such tubes are
susceptible of malfunctioning through breakage or disconnecting or
the like, as well as adding additional expense to the system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a spray
apparatus of the type described which provides a fine, uniform,
particulate spray, while having a relatively low air pressure
requirement. Air supply means supplies air under pressure through a
main air line to a spray applicator, as a spray gun. A branch of
the air line supplies air under pressure to a spray product
reservoir. A spray product line extends from the reservoir to the
spray gun. Disposed in the air branch to the reservoir is a one-way
air valve orientated to permit the flow of air through the branch
from the main air line to the reservoir, but operable to prevent
the flow of air from the reservoir back into the main air line. Air
thus entering the product reservoir from the main air line becomes
dead or still air, and erratic pressure fluctuation due to rapid
air movement is not experienced by the spray product in the
reservoir, thus producing a dramatic improvement over spray systems
of the prior art. The spray product is delivered through the
product line to the spray gun at a uniform, even rate. At the spray
gun nozzle, the spray product is concurrently discharged and
atomized by air under pressure from the main air line, providing
uniform, even and particulate spray heretofore unrealized by spray
systems of the prior art. Yet the spray system of the invention
accomplishes this result using a relatively low air pressure. For
example, the present invention finds application in beauty salons,
where the necessary air pressure is only 8 to 12 pounds per square
inch for the spraying of hair treating products such as a hair
holding product or a hair conditioning product. In terms of a
method, the invention includes directing air under pressure through
a main air line to a spray applicator; directing a portion of the
air from the main air line through an air branch having a one-way
air valve to a spray product reservoir; and directing the spray
product from the reservoir through a product line to the spray
applicator for concurrent discharge with air from the main air line
through the applicator. An object of the invention is to provide a
spray apparatus providing a fine, uniform, particulate spray of
spray product. A second object of the invention is to provide such
a spray system operable with a supply of relatively low pressure
air. A further object of the invention is to provide such a spray
system having a spray product reservoir not subject to erratic
pressure fluctuations. Further objects of the invention become
apparent upon the following description.
Inventors: |
Lilja; Duane F. (Minneapolis,
MN) |
Family
ID: |
23073255 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/280,476 |
Filed: |
August 14, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
239/8; 239/269;
239/373; 239/526; 137/846; 239/372; 239/417.5 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D01D
5/088 (20130101); A45D 19/00 (20130101); B05B
7/0081 (20130101); B05B 7/32 (20130101); B05B
7/1209 (20130101); A45D 19/005 (20210101); Y10T
137/7882 (20150401) |
Current International
Class: |
A45D
19/00 (20060101); D01D 5/088 (20060101); B05B
7/02 (20060101); B05B 7/12 (20060101); B05B
7/24 (20060101); B05B 7/32 (20060101); B05B
7/00 (20060101); A01g 025/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;239/266,269,373,372,417.5,423,526,8 ;137/525 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Knowles; Allen N.
Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. An apparatus for the spraying of a spray product to obtain a
fine particulate spray at low pressure comprising: a closed
reservoir to contain the spray product; a main air line adapted to
receive a supply of air under low pressure from an air supply
means; spray applicator means operable to concurrently discharge
air and a spray product in a fine particulate spray; said main air
line connected directly to the spray applicator means to supply air
under low pressure to the spray applicator means; an air pressure
supply branch disposed between the main air line and the reservoir
to supply air under pressure to the reservoir; a one-way air valve
disposed in said air pressure supply branch orientated to allow the
free passage of air from the main air line into the reservoir and
restrict passage of air from the reservoir to the main air line;
and a product line disposed between the reservoir and the spray
applicator means to deliver spray product to the spray applicator
means.
2. The spray apparatus of claim 1 including: a pressure accumulator
disposed in said main air line.
3. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said spray applicator
means comprises a spray gun.
4. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said one-way air valve
includes a pliable, tubular, valving insert having collapsible
closure means at one end.
5. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said air pressure supply
branch connects with the upper portion of said reservoir.
6. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein: said air pressure supply
branch connects with the lower portion of said reservoir.
7. The spray apparatus of claim 1 including: a plurality of said
spray reservoirs associated with an equal plurality of spray
applicator means; said main air line connected to each of said
spray applicator means; an air pressure supply branch disposed
between said main air line and each of said reservoirs; and a
one-way air valve disposed in each said air pressure supply
branch.
8. The spray apparatus of claim 1 wherein said spray apparatus is
adapted for use in a beauty salon and including air supply means
adapted to supply air to said main air line at a pressure between 8
pounds per square inch and 12 pounds per square inch.
9. In a spray apparatus of the type having a low pressure air
supply means, a main air line extending from the air supply means
directly to a spray applicator, and a spray product line extending
to the spray applicator for the concurrent discharge of spray
product and air under pressure, a spray reservoir system
comprising: a closed container suitable to store a spray product;
inlet means disposed on said container to admit air under pressure
from said main air line; a one-way air valve integral with said
inlet means orientated to allow the free passage of air from the
main air line into the container and restrict passage of air from
the container to the main air line; and outlet means integral with
said container connected to said product line.
10. The spray reservoir system of claim 9 wherein: said inlet means
is located on the upper portion of said container.
11. The spray reservoir system of claim 9 wherein: said inlet means
is located on the lower portion of said container.
12. A method of spraying a spray product in a fine, particulate
spray including the steps of: directing air under relatively low
pressure through a main air line directly to a spray applicator;
directing a portion of the air from the main air line through an
air branch having a one-way air valve to a spray product reservoir;
and directing the spray product from the reservoir through a
product line to the spray applicator for concurrent discharge with
air from the main air line through the applicator.
13. The method of claim 12 including the step of directing a
portion of the air from the main air line to an air pressure
accumulator.
Description
IN THE DRAWINGS:
FIG. 1 presents a schematic view of the spray apparatus of the
invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a one-way air valve as used
in the spray apparatus of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a valve element as used in the air
valve of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of an alternative embodiment of a
spray product reservoir of the spray apparatus of the invention
with portions broken away for purposes of illustration.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown schematically the various
components of the spray apparatus of the invention, indicated at
10, in assembled relationship relative to one another. A product
reservoir or container 11 is supported by a stand 12 on a surface
14, and is secured in place by appropriate strap 13. The container
11 contains the product to be sprayed, for example, a hair spray
for use as a hair fixative by beauty salon operators. Container 11
has a lower necked-in portion 11a closed and sealed by a cap 15.
One end of a spray product line 16, comprising a flexible hollow
tubing, connects with an outlet of container 11 at cap 15 as by
engaging a hollow pin or needle (not shown) inserted through the
cap 15.
Spray means includes a spray applicator shown to be a spray gun 17
adapted to concurrently discharge a spray product and air under
pressure upon a surface to be sprayed. Spray gun 17 includes a base
or handle 19 and a forwardly projected barrel portion 20
terminating in an appropriate spray nozzle 21. The end portion of
the barrel 20 defines a mixing chamber (not shown) for the mixing
of spray product in air prior to discharge through the nozzle 21,
whereby the expanding air mixes with and atomizes the spray product
upon discharge, transforming it into a fine, particulate mist. A
number of suitable types of spray guns or other types of
applicators are commercially available. For example, a spray gun of
the type disclosed by U. S. Pat. No. 3,122,324 to Lee, as shown in
FIG. 1, has rendered satisfactory performance. A trigger 23 is
pivotally mounted, as at 18, to the handle 19 of the gun. The
product supply line and the end of an applicator air supply line 39
extend into the bottom of handle 19 upwardly to the barrel section
20. The upper end of trigger 23 is provided with a pair of fingers
which respectively crimp or close the air and product lines. A
spring 22 biases the trigger 23 in a normally closed position.
Movement of the trigger 23 toward the handle 19 against the bias of
spring 22 opens the air and product lines to allow concurrent
discharge thereof.
Air supply means for supplying air under pressure to the spray
apparatus is shown to include an air compressor 25 supported on a
stand 26. Air compressor 25 is of a conventional, commercially
available type having low power requirements and adapted to supply
relatively low pressure. From the air discharge 27 of compressor 25
extends a first section 28 of a main air line 24, extending to a
first T connector 29. The perpendicular leg of the connector 29
connects through a tubular branch 30 to an inlet 31 of an air
pressure accumulator 32. The pressure accumulator 32 comprises a
closed, empty container or vessel providing a sealed volume where
air under pressure is accumulated for use when the air compressor
25 is shut off. The compressor 25 is equipped with a standard
pressure switching mechanism whereby the compressor is energized
when the line pressure drops to a predetermined level, and shuts
off when the line pressure has been raised to a second
predetermined level. By way of example, when the liquid product to
be sprayed is a hair setting liquid as used by beauty operators,
the compressor 25 is energized when the pressure in air line 28
drops to 8 pounds per square inch, and shuts off when the pressure
in line 28 rises to 12 pounds per square inch. When, through the
use of the spray gun 17, the pressure in air line 24 drops to 8
pounds per square inch, compressor 25 is energized to begin
providing air under pressure to the spray apparatus. The compressor
provides pressurized air to operate the spray gun and, at the same
time, pressurizes accumulator 32. When the line pressure reaches 12
pounds per square inch, the compressor shuts off. The spray gun
then receives air under pressure from that stored in the
accumulator 32 until the line pressure again drops to 8 pounds per
square inch.
A second section 34 of the main air supply line 24 extends from the
first T connector to a second T connector 35. A connecting tube 33
extends from the perpendicular leg of the second T connector 35 to
provide air under pressure from the main air supply line 24 to the
container 11 and spray gun 17 of the spray apparatus. The main air
supply line 24 continues from the second T connector 35, as at 36,
where it may be extended to additional spray systems connected in
series, as, for example, in a beauty salon where there may be a
plurality of stations each having a separate spray product
reservoir and spray applicator. If only a single spray applicator
is used in the system, the main air line 24 is, of course, capped
or otherwise closed at 36.
Connecting tube 33 extends from the second T connector 35 to the
perpendicular leg of a third T connector 43. A reservoir inlet or
container air pressure supply branch 37 extends from one of the
aligned legs of the third T connector 43 to the product container
11. The end of the branch 37 opposite the third T connector 43
communicates with the interior of the container 11 as by engaging a
tubular pin or needle (not shown) disposed generally in the upper
portion of container 11 and opening into the interior thereof.
Connected to the opposite aligned leg of the third T connector 43
is the applicator air supply line 39 which extends to the handle of
the spray gun 17 as previously described. The third T connector as
shown provides a reducing coupling allowing the use of a smaller
diameter tubing for the branch 37 and supply line 39 than is used
for the main air line 24. The use of smaller diameter tubing is
preferable when a series of spray systems of the type shown receive
air under pressure from a common air supply, whereby pressure drop
along the main air line is minimized.
Intermediately disposed in the container pressure supply branch 37
is a one-way air valve 38. The valve 38 disposed in branch 37
accounts for the significantly improved performance of the spray
apparatus of the present invention over those of the prior art. The
valve 38 may be any one of several commercially available, the
criteria being that the valve allow free air movement in one
direction while restricting air movement in the opposite direction.
In practice, a valve 38, as shown in detail in FIG. 2, has proven
satisfactory. The valve 38 has a first tubular section 40 engaging
a second tubular section 41. The second section 41 is provided with
an end opening into which an end of the first section 40 snugly
fits. The first and second sections together define a central
tubular passage 42 for the passage of air. The enclosed end of the
first section defines a cavity 44. A generally cylindrical,
flexible rubber collapsible closure insert or valving member 45 has
a shoulder 46 disposed between the outer edge of the first section
40 and an inner edge of the second section 41 of valve 38. As shown
by FIG. 3, valving member 45 has a cylindrical wall extending
forward from the shoulder 46. At the end of the member 45 opposite
the shoulder 46, opposing side walls 46 converge and close, as at
48, thus closing the passage 42 of the valve 38. When air under
pressure enters the valve through the end of the second section 41,
as indicated by the arrow 49, the closure 48 yields under the air
pressure and opens, allowing free passage of air. However, air
entering the opposite end of the valve 38 is blocked at the closure
48, preventing passage of air in the opposite direction. The use of
a valve having a soft, pliable rubber valving member, as the member
45, is preferable because of the quick closing and opening
responses provided thereby.
As disposed in the container air passage branch 37, valve 38 is
orientated to allow flow of air under pressure into the container
11 from the main air line 24, but operable to prevent air from
flowing back through the branch 37 from the container 11.
In the use of the spray apparatus of the invention, spray product
is stored in the container 11, as, for example, a hair holding
spray. The compressor 25 pressurizes the spray system to a pressure
of 12 pounds per square inch. The accumulator 32 and the upper or
empty portion of the container 11 are also pressurized to 12 pounds
per square inch. When the operator wishes to use the hair spray, he
engages the trigger 23 of spray gun 19. Air and spray product are
concurrently discharged from the nozzle 21, the air mixing with and
atomizing the spray product to form a fine, particulate, uniform
spray, as indicated at 51. While the spray gun is being used, air
in the container 11 does not back up through the branch 37, whereby
an erratic pressure fluctuation is not experienced by the spray
product in the container. The spray 51 provided at the nozzle 21 is
therefore fine and uniform. Additionally, since the spray apparatus
is operated at a relatively low air pressure, the spray is gentle
and easily controllable. Air pressure for the spray gun is provided
by the accumulator 32. When the line pressure drops to 8 pounds per
square inch, the air conpressor 25 is energized to re-pressurize
the system.
The method of spraying a spray product includes providing a supply
of air under pressure and directing it through a main air line to a
spray applicator. A portion of the air is directed through an
auxiliary branch having a one-way air valve to a spray product
reservoir. Spray product from the reservoir is directed to the
spray applicator for concurrent discharge therefrom along with the
air.
It may thus be seen that the container 11, the inlet branch 37, and
the outlet from the container 11 together comprise a reservoir
system for the spray apparatus of the invention. For ease of
manufacturing, if desired the spray reservoir system could be
fashioned as an integral unit including a container with an inlet
means and a one-way air-valve integral with the inlet means. The
air valve could be built into the container, as in a recessed
portion thereof, to be sheltered from damage or breakage. In such a
configuration, the spray apparatus of the present invention would
be adaptable for use in many existing spray systems.
An alternative embodiment of the spray product reservoir is
illustrated in FIG. 4. A reservoir or container 55 holds the spray
product and has a necked-in portion 56 at the bottom thereof. A
plug 57 closes the container 55. A pair of hollow tubular pins or
needle inserts 59 and 60 extend through the plug 57 from the
exterior of the container 55 to the interior thereof. Spray product
line 16 engages the outer end of the needle 59. The end of
container pressure supply branch 37 engages the outer end of the
needle 60. In such a configuration, the one-way air valve 38 not
only prevents air movement and erratic pressure fluctuation in the
container 55, but additionally prevents spray product from flowing
into the air line 24.
While as shown and described, the spray apparatus of the invention
employs a single spray product reservoir and a single spray
applicator, there could as well be provided a plurality of spray
applicators for use at a plurality of spray stations, as in a
beauty salon. The several spray applicators could each be connected
to a separate product reservoir, or all could be connected to a
common reservoir.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention
will find use in many applications other than beauty salons, where
it is desirable to have a fine, particulate, low pressure spray.
For example, the spraying of finishes, paints, cleaning fluids,
insecticides, and the like. In the field of grinding lenses for eye
glasses, before grinding, a lens is sprayed with a fine adhesive
for attachment to a metal jig whereby the lens is held in place
during grinding. The present spray apparatus satisfies the
requirement of providing a fine, particulate spray of adhesive
product under low pressure. The spray apparatus of the invention is
particularly useful for the spraying of volatile products which
would normally be quick to evaporate when exposed to rapid air
movement and erratic pressure fluctuation. For example, the
invention finds application in the medical field where it is common
to spray ether on slight wounds for use as a local anesthetic.
* * * * *