U.S. patent number 3,780,908 [Application Number 05/274,134] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for bulk package for individual dispensing of substantially wet sheets from stacks.
This patent grant is currently assigned to International Playtex Corporation. Invention is credited to Hayward B. Auerbach, Leonard Berger, William E. Fitzpatrick.
United States Patent |
3,780,908 |
Fitzpatrick , et
al. |
December 25, 1973 |
BULK PACKAGE FOR INDIVIDUAL DISPENSING OF SUBSTANTIALLY WET SHEETS
FROM STACKS
Abstract
A bulk package for individually dispensing substantially wet
sheets from a stack of such sheets, comprising a container
receiving the stack of wet sheets and having an openable and
readily resealable cover which, when closed, forms a substantially
moisture-proof seal between the container and the atmosphere; and a
barrier member overlying the stack of wet sheets and interposed
between the stack and the cover and having a restricting opening
whose proximate surfaces frictionally engage the adjacent surfaces
of the successive sheets withdrawn from the stack such that when
the uppermost sheet is pulled outwardly of the package through such
opening the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet are drawn
by and in contact with the uppermost sheet through the opening into
frictional contact with the surfaces proximate thereto which
produce a frictional force on the next succeeding sheet sufficient
to overcome the force resisting separation of the two sheets yet
not so large that the force required to remove the uppermost sheet
will tear either of such sheets. The surfaces proximate the sheet
restricting opening thus effect separation of the sheets with the
leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet extending outwardly
of the opening positioned for subsequent manual grasping and
removal from the package.
Inventors: |
Fitzpatrick; William E.
(Wyckoff, NJ), Berger; Leonard (Ridgewood, NJ), Auerbach;
Hayward B. (Maywood, NJ) |
Assignee: |
International Playtex
Corporation (New York, NY)
|
Family
ID: |
23046929 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/274,134 |
Filed: |
July 28, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
221/48; 206/494;
221/63; 206/205; 206/812; 225/106 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47K
10/421 (20130101); Y10S 206/812 (20130101); Y10T
225/393 (20150401); A47K 2010/3266 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A47K
10/42 (20060101); A47K 10/24 (20060101); A47K
10/32 (20060101); A47k 010/42 () |
Field of
Search: |
;221/47,48,55,63,33 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Tollberg; Stanley H.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A bulk package for individually dispensing substantially wet
sheets from a stack of such sheets, which comprises
a. a stack of the wet sheets;
b. means for temporarily interconnecting the successive sheets
within said stack producing a sheet-to-sheet force resisting
separation of successive sheets and effecting removal of successive
sheets outwardly from the package upon withdrawal of each preceding
sheet therefrom; and
c. a container receiving the stack of wet sheets and having
i a cover having means for forming a substantially moisture-proof
seal between the container and the atmosphere; and
ii a barrier overlying the stack of wet sheets and having a sheet
restricting opening therein through which the wet sheets may be
individually and successively removed when the cover is opened and
including frictionally engaging means proximate said opening for
contacting the adjacent surfaces of the successive sheets withdrawn
from the stack such that when the sheet adjacent the barrier is
pulled outwardly of the package the leading surfaces of the next
succeeding sheet are drawn by and in contact with the sheet
adjacent the barrier through the opening into contact with said
frictionally engaging means which means produce a frictional force
on the next succeeding sheet sufficient to overcome said
sheet-to-sheet force resisting separation of the two sheets yet not
so large that the force required to remove the sheet adjacent the
barrier will tear either of such sheets, and
said frictionally engaging means effecting separation of the sheets
with the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet extending
outwardly of the opening positioned for subsequent manual grasping
and removal from the package.
2. The bulk package of claim 1, wherein the barrier opening is
juxtaposed with the face of the uppermost sheet in the stack.
3. A bulk package for individually dispensing substantially wet
sheets from a stack of such sheets, which comprises
a. a stack of a plurality of individual wet sheets, the successive
sheets of which are interfolded with one another to define a
temporary inter-engaging means producing a sheet-to-sheet force
resisting separation of successive sheets and effecting removal of
successive sheets outwardly from the package upon withdrawal of
each preceding sheet therefrom; and
b. a container receiving the stack of wet sheets and having
i a cover having means for forming a substantially moisture-proof
seal between the container and the atmosphere; and
ii a barrier overlying the stack of wet sheets and having a sheet
restricting opening therein through which the wet sheets may be
individually and successively removed when the cover is opened and
including frictionally engaging means proximate said opening for
contacting the adjacent surfaces of the successive sheets withdrawn
from the stack such that when the sheet adjacent the barrier is
pulled outwardly of the package the leading surfaces of the next
succeeding sheet are drawn by and in contact with the sheet
adjacent the barrier through the opening into contact with said
frictionally engaging means which means produce a frictional force
on the next succeeding sheet sufficient to overcome said
sheet-to-sheet force resisting separation of the two sheets yet not
so large that the force required to remove the sheet adjacent the
barrier will tear either of such sheets, and
said frictionally engaging means effecting separation of the sheets
with the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet extending
outwardly of the opening positioned for subsequent manual grasping
and removal from the package.
4. A bulk package for individually dispensing substantially wet
sheets from a stack of such sheets, which comprises
a. a stack of wet sheets, the successive sheets being connected to
one another by a line of weakness to define a temporary
interconnecting means producing a sheet-to-sheet force resisting
separation of successive sheets and effecting removal of successive
sheets outwardly from the package upon withdrawal of each preceding
sheet therefrom; and
b. 2 container receiving the stack of wet sheets and having
i a cover having means for forming a substantially moisture-proof
seal between the container and the admosphere; and
ii a barrier overlying the stack of wet sheets and having a sheet
restricting opening therein through which the wet sheets may be
individually and successively removed when the cover is opened and
including frictionally engaging means proximate said opening for
contacting the adjacent surfaces of the successive sheets withdrawn
from the stack such that when the sheet adjacent the barrier is
pulled outwardly of the package the leading surfaces of the next
succeeding sheet are drawn by and in contact with the sheet
adjacent the barrier through the opening into contact with said
frictionally engaging means which means produce a frictional force
on the next succeeding sheet sufficient to overcome said
sheet-to-sheet force resisting separation of the two sheets yet not
so large that the force required to remove the sheet adjacent the
barrier will tear either of such sheets, and
said frictionally engaging means effecting separation of the sheets
with the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet extending
outwardly of the opening positioned for subsequent manual grasping
and removal from the package.
5. The bulk package of claim 1, wherein the barrier comprises a
substantially rigid member having an opening which is restricted
with respect to the dimension of the sheets presented thereto as
the sheets are successively withdrawn therethrough.
6. The bulk package of claim 1, wherein the wet sheets in the stack
have an average moisture content of at least 80 percent of their
total weight.
7. A bulk package for individually dispensing substantially wet
sheets, which have an average moisture content of from 100 percent
to 400 percent by weight thereof, from a stack of such sheets,
which comprises:
a. a stack of individual inter-folded wet sheets; and
b. a substantially moisture resistant and impermeable container
receiving the stack of wet sheets and having
i a cover having means for forming a moisture-proof seal between
the container and the atmosphere, and
ii a substantially rigid barrier member overlying the stack of wet
sheets and having an opening which is restricted with respect to
the dimension of the sheets presented thereto as the sheets are
successively withdrawn therethrough, the opening being disposed in
overlying relation with respect to the faces of the respective
superposed wet sheets in the stack, and including frictionally
engaging means proximate said opening for contacting the adjacent
surfaces of the successive sheets withdrawn from the stack such
that when the sheet adjacent the barrier is pulled outwardly of the
package the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet are drawn
by and in contact with the sheet adjacent the barrier through the
opening into contact with said frictionally engaging means which
means produce a frictional force on the next succeeding sheet
sufficient to overcome the force resisting separation of the two
sheets yet not so large that the force required to remove the sheet
adjacent the barrier will tear either of such sheets, and
said frictionally engaging means effecting separation of the said
sheets with the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet
extending outwardly of the opening positioned for subsequent manual
grasping and removal from the package.
8. The bulk package of claim 7, wherein the wet sheets are
constituted of an absorbent cellulosic material and said sheets are
wetted with an aqueous medium.
9. The bulk package of claim 7, wherein said container is formed of
a plastic.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the bulk packaging and convenient
individual dispensing of substantially wet sheets, tissues or
towelettes such as may be utilized for personal hygiene, for
cosmetic purposes, household cleaning applications or the like.
More particularly, it relates to a package for individually
"popping-up" and dispensing such wet sheets, overcoming the
relatively high attractive forces between the wetted sheets which
tend to resist individual dispensing and produce "chaining"
thereof.
In the following specification and in the claims appended hereto,
all references to "wet" or "substantially wet" sheets are intended
to refer to sheet materials so wetted by an aqueous or other
desired treatment medium that when they are wiped across a surface
it is streaked by the liquid medium. The "wet" sheets employed in
accordance herewith are believed to possess sufficient moisture
contents (aqueous or otherwise) to form surface films thereon. It
is postulated that the surface tension of these films produces the
substantial forces between the wet sheets preventing sequential
dispensing of the individual sheets employing conventional
means.
On the other hand, the wet sheets dispensed from the bulk package
hereof are not loaded with moisture contents exceeding their
holding capacities by more than a small quantity, i.e., ideally the
amount of free liquid in the package, if any, should not exceed
about 10 percent by volume of the container. In one preferred
embodiment, employing aqueous treatment media and a selected
absorbent paper toweling stock, the wet sheets hereof may typically
have liquid contents of from about 80 to 500 percent, preferably
about 100-400 percent, of their total weight. Materials thus wetted
have a softer feel than their dry counterparts and can transfer
sufficient liquid to wet other surfaces to effect the desired
cleansing or like functions.
As further used herein, the term "sheets" will be understood to
comprehend liquid-holding papers or similar sheet materials
composed, for example, of paper, rayon or other cellulosics,
nylons, polyesters, polyolefins, vinyl polymers, polyurethanes and
the like, or mixtures of the aforesaid or similar materials. Such
sheets may comprise creped, flat, woven or non-woven materials and
may be provided in the form of single or multi-ply tissues,
towelettes, or the like.
Wetted tissues, towelettes or the like have, in recent years,
achieved substantial consumer acceptance. By and large, products of
this nature have taken the form of individual units, each sheet
being folded into a compact shape and sealed within an impermeable
foil or plastic package (see, for example, Williams U.S. Pat. No.
3,057,467 granted on Oct. 9, 1962). To permit use, the outer
package must be opened, and the individual sheet removed and
unfolded. For a number of reasons, including the relatively
substantial cost of such individually wrapped wet sheets and the
relative inconvenience of removing and unfolding the sheets from
the individual packages, these individual unit packages have not
been widely adopted for many purposes for which they might
otherwise be suitable.
The need for more convenient commercial forms of pre-wetted tissues
or towelettes has not been ignored, a number of prior workers
having proposed products for the bulk packaging and individual
dispensing of such wet sheets. Bulk packages so proposed have
utilized either rolls of wet sheets defined, for example, by
perforations in a suitable web stock, or stacks of wetted sheets
pre-folded to facilitate dispensing. Roll dispensers for this
purpose are disclosed, for example, in Cordis U.S. Pats. Nos.
3,310,353 and 3,365,522 granted Mar. 21, 1967 and Feb. 13, 1968,
respectively. Such dispensers provide for pre-wetting the web
constituting the successive sheets to be dispensed, pulling the web
from the outer periphery of the roll from which it is supplied, and
shearing the successive sheets from the web by means of associated
cutting edges.
Sheets dispensed from such roll dispensers may, as indicated by
Cordis, require longitudinal and/or transverse reinforcing strips
to impart sufficient strength to the wetted sheets; in the absence
of such reinforcements the wet sheets may not be cleanly sheared
and may rather tear unevenly. Moreover, the necessity to rotate the
supply roll during dispensing may lead (particularly when the roll
itself is wetted) either to tearing of the web or require the use
of a paper so strong as to resist sheet separation and impose
possible chaining problems.
French Pat. No. 2,061,000 published on June 18, 1971 describes
another roll dispenser for the individual dispensing of wet sheets.
The product described in this patent incorporates a continuous
perforated roll disposed within a cylindrical container, the
individual sheets being unwound or uncoiled from the center of the
roll, being pulled lengthwise of the container in a rope-like web,
and being torn at the perforations as they are withdrawn through a
small slit in an end wall of the container. It has been found that
individual sheets may not uniformly separate from one another
employing this type of bulk dispenser. To the contrary, in some
instances deleterious chaining of a number of the wet sheets occurs
resulting in dispensing of a coiled or twisted "rope," while in
others sheets catch in the dispensing slit, and tear. Further, it
is relatively difficult to thread the leading edges of the inside
of the roll through the slitted end wall of the container without
twisting and possibly snarling the same.
Moreover, it is necessary to provide a large axial free space
within the roll-type dispenser of the French patent in order to
facilitate uncoiling and feeding of the wet sheet web therethrough.
In addition to thus imposing increased product dimensions, the
presence of such a dead space permits collapse of the walls of the
wet roll during shipment or storage and may necessitate re-shaping
the roll to permit uncoiling and withdrawal of the rope-like web
for ultimate use.
The roll-type dispensers described in the Cordis patents and in the
aforesaid French patent suffer from the further disadvantage that,
unlike products incorporating stacks of the wet sheets to be
successively dispensed, a group of sheets may not be separated from
the roll for separate dispensing. Stacks, on the other hand, may be
readily sub-divided and groups of the wet sheets comprising the
same used for travel packs or the like.
In view of these apparent advantages products for successively
dispensing wet sheets from a stack of such sheets have also been
proposed in the art. One such device is illustrated as a further
embodiment (FIG. 4) in the aforesaid Cordis patents. In that
dispenser the stack of sheets is maintained within a chamber
supported on a spring-loaded follower plate and biased in the
opposing direction by a pair of finger-like depressors mounted on
the dispenser cover. Upon successive opening and closing of the
cover the pressure exerted on the stack by the depressor fingers is
varied for the purpose of facilitating manually grasping and
withdrawing the successive sheets from the stack.
The Cordis stack dispenser is, however, relatively complex
mechanically, involving the application of a number of independent
forces produced by the spring-loaded follower and the separate
depressor fingers. When the pressures produced by these members are
sufficient to separate sheets at the top of a full stack, they may
not be sufficient to effect separation between the last few sheets
in the stack. On the other hand, when the pressures are adequate to
effect separation between sheets at the bottom of a stack, they may
be so great as to tear the sheets or even prevent dispensing of the
first several sheets of such a stack. Yet further, the application
of such pressures limits the liquid contents of the sheets
dispensed, the follower plate and the depressor fingers tending to
squeeze the liquid from the sheets.
Moreover, the individual sheets of the Cordis stacks are not
separated from one another to facilitate independent and successive
dispensing thereof. To the contrary, since the individual sheets do
not "pop-up" in sequence, the wet sheets may stick together,
necessitating substantial manual dexterity to avoid grasping two or
more sheets simultaneously. Also, the pressures applied to the
Cordis stack of wet tissues coupled with the apparent tilting of
the follower plate supporting the same may result in the escape of
substantial amounts of liquid from the stack to the base of the
dispenser housing. The presence of such free liquid plus the notch
opening permanently provided in the container pose substantial
limitations on both the useful life and the portability of the
Cordis product.
Another bulk package for dispensing stacked wet sheets is disclosed
in Rockefeller U.S. Pat. No. 3,499,575 granted on Mar. 10, 1970. In
the dispenser embodiment described in this patent, non-interleaved
sheets are dispensed from a stack placed within a tray having a
supporting ridge so disposed that the edge of each succeeding sheet
may be grasped after removal of the prior sheet. Like Cordis,
Rockefeller has sought to rely on the application of a distorting
force (the supporting ridge) to facilitate the separation of the
leading edges only of each successive sheet. Moreover, also like
Cordis the Rockefeller dispenser does not provide individual sheets
which "pop-up" upon removal of the prior sheet, thus hampering
ready manual grasping of each individual wet sheet to be
successively dispensed.
The Rockefeller type dispenser enables the user to grasp only the
leading edge of each succeeding sheet; at certain wetness ranges
other areas of adjacent sheets adhere to one another with
dispensing of more than one sheet at a time. In addition, as the
wet sheets are removed from the Rockefeller stack the user must
insert his fingers into the container to attempt to separate each
successive individual sheet. It may be seen that increasing
dexterity is thus required, particularly in the removal of the last
several sheets from the stack.
The bulk packaging in stack form of dry sheets or tissues is, of
course, also known. Sheets so packaged may be inter-folded so as to
successively "pop-up" upon dispensing of each prior sheet or
tissue. Dry tissue dispensers of this type are legion in the patent
art and are embodied in most commercial cleaning or facial tissue
dispensers.
It should be noted that while prior workers have recognized the
need for the bulk packaging and individual dispensing of wetted
sheets and suggested several products for this purpose, they have
avoided adopting the expedients previously utilized in the dry
tissue art for individually dispensing dry sheets or tissues.
Indeed, the very failure of those in the wet sheet dispensing art
to attempt to utilize techniques employed for dispensing dry
tissues is indicative of the distinct problems encountered in the
bulk packaging and individual dispensing of wet sheets as
distinguished from dry sheets. This is the case since the liquid
films formed between inter-folded wet sheets create substantial
adhesion between the adjacent sheets while, on the other hand, dry
inter-folded sheets may be readily separated from one another by
the force of gravity alone. Hence, chaining of adjacent sheets is a
major problem in the individual dispensing of wetted sheets but is
insignificant in regard to the dispensing of dry sheets.
Further, the use of dispensing or control elements or inserts to
insure and maintain "pop-up" of each successive tissue withdrawn
from a dry tissue dispenser is consistent with the preceding
explanation regarding the gravity separation of dry tissues. The
basic purpose of such inserts is to increase the frictional
engagement between successive tissues withdrawn from the dispenser
in order that the first such tissue draws the next tissue with it
through the container opening and prevents the latter from falling
back into the container or carton. With wet tissues, on the other
hand, there is no need to increase adhesion between the successive
wet sheets to insure "pop-up;" to the contrary, the problem is to
overcome adhesion between the successive sheets to facilitate
sequential dispensing thereof, without tearing any of the
individual sheets. Hence, dispensing individual wet sheets from a
stack presents markedly distinct problems from those encountered in
dispensing dry sheets from similar stacks.
The dispensing of tissues or other sheets which have been merely
impregnated with an aromatic or other odoriferous material presents
the same problems associated with the dispensing of dry sheets, as
distinguished from wet sheets as defined herein. One example of a
previously proposed product for the bulk packaging and individual
dispensing of tissues which have been so impregnated with an
aromatic or medicated material is described in Bilezerian U.S. Pat.
No. 3,325,003 granted June 13, 1967. It has been found, however,
that sheets or tissues impregnated in the manner described in the
Bilezerian patent contain less than about 20 percent moisture by
weight and act like dry tissues, individual inter-folded sheets
separating readily, without chaining, due to the weight of the
individual sheets alone.
In duplicating the Bilezerian work, stacks of interfolded paper
sheets of an absorbent paper toweling stock were impregnated with
spirits of turpentine, nutmeg oil, oil of eucalyptus, oil of cedar
wood, or spirits of ammonia, and the thus impregnated materials
were wrapped in impervious sheets, aluminum foil and polyethylene
being chosen as illustrative, in the manner disclosed in the
patent. After wrapping, the resulting packs were allowed to
equilibrate for four days to permit the respective impregnants to
penetrate the individual sheets. The packs were then opened and the
top sheet pulled from each stack. In each instance the several
sheets were substantially dry upon opening the pack. Further, in
each instance save one the top sheet separated immediately without
chaining. In the one exception (employing spirits of ammonia as the
impregnating material), the first few sheets of the stacks stuck
slightly together, probably due to hydrogen bonding between the
sheets as they dried.
On the other hand, when a stack of the same towelettes was
impregnated with about 200 percent by weight of an aqueous medium
and packaged and stored as aforesaid, the substantially wet sheets
remaining in the pack could not be separated by gravity alone, the
sheets chaining when it was attempted to lift the top sheet only of
the inter-folded stack.
It may thus be seen that the materials described in the Bilezerian
patent operate in the same manner as the dry tissue stacks
previously known in the art, and are not subject to the chaining
problem involved in the individual, sequential dispensing of wet
sheets from stacks incorporating the same.
The distinct forces affecting the individual dispensing of stacked
wet sheets as contrasted with dry sheets are illustrated in FIG. 1
of the attached drawings. That figure shows three plots of the
shear forces required to separate different sheets from stacks as a
function of the moisture contents of the respective sheets. The
forces plotted correspond to the surface tension forces postulated
between the respective sheets of the test stacks.
In the experimental work recorded in FIG. 1, sheets of first, an
absorbent, high wet strength paper toweling stock and second, a
non-woven, random laid cellulosic material were impregnated with
water or mineral oil at varying moisture levels. Pairs of the
several sheets inter-folded about their respective center lines (in
a single or "V" fold) were placed in an Instron tester and the
shear forces required to separate the sheets were determined at the
various moisture levels. The shear forces were then plotted against
the moisture contents.
As shown in FIG. 1, the forces required to shear two water-wetted
sheets of the absorbent paper toweling (curve 10) increased fro
virtually zero at water contents of up to about 140 percent to a
maximum of about 1000 grams at about 200 percent and remained above
250 grams at water contents of up to about 300 percent.
Impregnation of the same sheet material with mineral oil (curve 11)
increased slippage between the respective sheets and thus decreased
the required shearing forces. Nevertheless, wetting of the sheets
increased the force necessary to effect shear (and thus to overcome
chaining) from virtually zero at about 80 percent mineral oil
content to about 200 grams at about 125 percent mineral oil.
Finally, similar results were obtained employing the water-wetted
non-woven cellulosic sheets (curve 12). In this instance, it was
not possible to obtain zero shear force readings since, due to the
poor wettability of such sheets, it was necessary to maintain the
sheets under pressure at low moisture levels in order to spread the
water across the sheet surfaces.
In each instance it may be seen that the shear force necessary to
separate the wetted sheets, whether composed of toweling stock or
the non-woven cellulosic fabric and whether wetted with water or
with mineral oil, increased rapidly and markedly as the sheet
liquid content was increased, reached a maximum, and decreased as
the liquid content became so great that excess liquid formed layers
or pools between the wetted sheets. From the curves plotted it is
apparent that the forces between successive sheets of a bulk
packaged stack differ in kind when the sheets are substantially wet
rather than dry.
It is among the objects of the present invention to provide for the
improved bulk packaging and individual dispensing of such wet,
stacked sheets, which packaging is both simple and economical and
which may be utilized for the successive dispensing of the
individual wet sheets without chaining, notwithstanding the
substantial adhesive forces created between the sheets within the
stack. Other objects and advantages of the invention will be
apparent from the following description of preferred forms
thereof.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance herewith, there is provided a bulk package for
individually dispensing substantially wet sheets from a stack of
such sheets, comprising the stack of sheets; and a container
receiving the stack and having a cover incorporating means for
forming a substantially moisture-proof seal between the container
and the atmosphere, and a barrier overlying the stack of wet sheets
and having a sheet restricting opening therein through which the
wet sheets may be individually and successively removed when the
container is opened. Frictionally engaging means proximate the
opening contact the adjacent surfaces of the successive sheets
withdrawn from the stack such that when the first sheet adjacent
the barrier (at any point in depleting the stack) is pulled
outwardly of the package the leading surfaces of the next
succeeding sheet (the second sheet) are drawn by and in contact
with the first sheet through the opening into contact with the
frictionally engaging means. The latter produces a frictional force
on the second sheet sufficient to overcome the force resisting
separation of the two sheets yet not so large that the force
required to remove the first sheet will tear either of such sheets,
and the frictionally engaging means effects separation of the two
sheets with the leading surfaces of the second sheet extending
outwardly of the opening positioned for subsequent manual grasping
and removal from the package.
There is thus provided a relatively simple yet efficient structure
for removably and replaceably storing and individually and
sequentially dispensing the successive wet sheets in "pop-up"
fashion without chaining. The successive sheets are dispensed in
form for easy manual grasping and are ready for use as removed from
the package without having to be unfolded or untwisted, as in the
case of previously disclosed wet sheet dispensers. Operation of the
dispenser is such that, in fact, at least about 1/2 inch, and
preferably at least about one inch, of each successive wet sheet is
presented through the restricting opening in the barrier for
readily accessible individual manual grasping and removal. Further,
by interposing the barrier between the manually graspable portion
of the uppermost sheet and the succeeding wet sheets in the stack,
easy manual grasping of a single wet sheet is assured as contrasted
with the substantial manual dexterity required to dispense
individual wet sheets from the prior art stack dispensers.
Surprisingly, wet sheets removed from the dispenser hereof not only
retain their liquid contents but, it has been found, actually
possess increasing liquid contents down through the stacks from
which they are dispensed. The dispenser may, moreover, be provided
in any suitable size or configuration for industrial, home, purse
or pocket use. If desired, portions of the stacks of wetted sheets
used in such dispensers may be removed therefrom for use in smaller
bulk dispensers, e.g., for pocket or travel packs. Refill stacks of
wet sheets mounted, for example, in a tub-like enclosure and sealed
within moisture impermeable, removable foil packaging, may be
readily adapted for use with any of the indicated dispensers for
repeated and prolonged use.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be more fully understood when considered in
connection with the preferred embodiments described hereinafter in
connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1, as indicated hereinabove, is a graph illustrating the
relationship of the adhesive forces between successive stacked
inter-folded sheets as a function of the moisture contents
thereof;
FIG. 2 is a stress-strain curve diagrammatically illustrating the
typical forces acting on a pair of wet sheets successively
dispensed from a preferred embodiment of the bulk package of the
present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the
invention, showing the dispenser insert in assembled relation with
the leading edges of a topmost wet sheet extending through the
restricting opening thereof, and the walls of the container being
partially cut away to show the stack of wet sheets therein;
FIGS. 4A-4C show, in partial, diagrammatic cross-section, three
sequential stages of the removal of two successive wet sheets from
the stack incorporated in the bulk package illustrated;
FIG. 5 is a further perspective view of the preferred bulk package
embodiment, with the cover shown in its closed position;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 3 but showing the
container with the stack of wet sheets removed, and the dispenser
insert in exploded relation to indicate the internal structure of
the container; and
FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are partial vertical sections taken along the
lines 7--7, 8--8 and 9--9, respectively, in FIG. 5, showing details
of the dispenser insert, cover and hinge constructions.
PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings, and with initial reference to FIGS. 3
and 4 in particular, the preferred embodiment of the bulk package
illustrated comprises a stack 13 of substantially wet sheets
removably and replaceably stored in and dispensed from a container
shown generally at 14. The container incorporates a cover 15 and
has a barrier member or dispenser insert 16 overlying the stack and
disposed between the stack and the cover. As discussed more fully
below, sheet restricting opening 17 is defined in the insert 16,
the individual edges of which opening and the surfaces proximate
thereto provide frictionally engaging means effecting separation of
the substantially wet sheets and facilitating "pop-up" of each
successive sheet as it is withdrawn from container 14.
The individual sheets 18 within stack 13 may, as indicated
hereinabove, comprise any suitable sheet material capable of
absorbing and/or adsorbing the bulk of the liquid impregnant
utilized. The choice of the particular sheet material is related to
the configuration and dimensions of the restricting opening 17
through which the sheets are successively removed from the bulk
package, the composition of the impregnant, and the desired end use
of the product. The liquid composition will, of course, also depend
on the particular purpose for which the wetted sheets are to be
used and may include water, mineral oil (for a baby lotion, for
example), detergents or soaps, perfumes, surfactants, deodorants,
or any other ingredients to be utilized for the particular
cleansing, cosmetic or like application involved. When, for
example, it is desired to market the dispenser as a source of
vaginal cleansing towelettes, the wet sheets may suitably be
constituted of an absorbent paper toweling stock having a wet
tensile strength of at least about 0.5 lb./inch, preferably at
least about 1.0 to 1.5 lbs./inch, of width in the direction of
dispensing, impregnated with a substantially aqueous medium
incorporating deodorants, bacterial and mold growth inhibitors,
perfumes and the like, in minor proportions.
The stack 13 comprises a plurality of sheets 18, the faces F of
which are arranged in substantial parallelism. Preferably, the
individual sheets are inter-folded or interleaved with one another,
the use of alternating "V" folds about the center lines of the
respective inter-folded sheets being illustrated in the preferred
form (FIGS. 3 and 4). Alternatively, the sheets may be otherwise
inter-leaved (e.g., in a double or "Z" fold) in order that
withdrawal of any sheet from container 14 through opening 17 draws
the leading edges of the succeeding sheet through such opening. In
yet a further embodiment, the stack of sheets may comprise a
continuous zigzag strip so perforated that the individual sheets
separate upon being withdrawn through the restricting opening. From
the preceding it should be apparent that the particular manner of
inter-folding or inter-leaving the successive wet sheets within the
bulk package hereof is not a critical element of the present
invention and may be varied as desired.
The sheet restricting opening 17 in insert 16 is juxtaposed with
the face F of the uppermost sheet 18a of the stack, disposed
substantially parallel to such face and the corresponding faces or
extended portions of the other sheets in the stack. The opening is
so designed that when the uppermost sheet is pulled outwardly of
the dispenser the leading surfaces of the next succeeding sheet are
drawn by and in contact with the first sheet through the opening
into frictional contact with one or more of the substantially
unyielding (i.e., frictionally engaging) edges and corners defined
by the walls of the insert (19a-f of the generally diamond-shaped
cut-out forming the sheet restricting opening in the preferred
embodiment shown). These surfaces provide frictionally engaging
means which produce a frictional force on the next succeeding sheet
sufficient to overcome the force resisting separation of the two
sheets yet not so large that the force required to remove the first
sheet will tear either such sheet, and effect separation of the
successive sheets with the leading surfaces of the second sheet
extending outwardly of opening 17 positioned for subsequent manual
grasping and removal from the package. It may be seen from the
preceding that the leading surfaces of each successive sheet thus
"pop-up" extending outwardly of the container for ready grasping,
it not being necessary for the user to insert his fingers into the
container (as required, for example, in use of the Cordis and
Rockefeller stack dispensers referred to hereinabove) to remove the
sheets from the stack.
The mechanism of operation of the dispenser may be more fully
understood in the light of the several stages involved in
sequentially dispensing three successive wet sheets therefrom,
which stages are illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4C and the approximate
stress-strain relationship characteristic of which is plotted in
FIG. 2. Initially, the stack 13 is impregnated with the desired
treatment liquid, either prior to placing the stack within the
container, or directly within the container.
Preferably, employing an absorbent paper toweling stock for the
wetted sheets, water as the treatment liquid, and utilizing an
inter-folded stack of "V"-folded sheets as illustrative, the
uppermost wet sheet 18a is withdrawn from container 14 by drawing
the leading edges thereof through the sheet restricting opening 17,
the adjacent surfaces of the wet sheet frictionally engaging edges
19a and b and corners 19e and f adjacent the opening as the sheet
is drawn therethrough. As wet sheet 18a is drawn from the container
it pulls with it the inter-folded leading portion of the succeeding
sheet 18b (FIGS. 4A and B). The leading edges of sheet 18b are thus
drawn through the sheet restricting opening (FIG. 4B), ultimately
engaging the opposite edges 19c and d and corners 19e and f
adjacent the opening. As the withdrawal of sheet 18a is completed,
the frictional drag exerted on sheet 18b by these edges and corners
effects separation of the two sheets and facilitates independent
removal of sheet 18a from the container without chaining.
When sheet 18b is similarly manually drawn from the container it
pulls the leading surfaces of sheet 18c through the opening (FIG.
4C). The frictional drag imposed on sheet 18c by edges 19a and b
and corners 19e and f facilitates separation and removal of sheet
18b without chaining with the succeeding sheet 18c. Sheet 18c may
thereafter be withdrawn and the operation repeated to effect
withdrawal, separation and removal of each succeeding wet sheet in
the manner shown in the successive stages of FIG. 4.
The forces required to thus sequentially withdraw the wet sheets
from the dispenser are plotted by way of illustration in FIG. 2.
Initially, as the first sheet 18a is drawn through the dispenser
insert (see also FIG. 4A) the force required for withdrawal
increases rapidly to a first force F.sub.1 (the force required to
remove a single sheet through opening 17) which may, typically, be
of the order of 350-400 grams. As the second wet sheet 18b
approaches opening 17 the withdrawal force starts to rise rapidly,
the second sheet doubling back or curling on itself (see FIG. 4B)
as it is drawn through the opening in frictional engagement with
edges 19c and d and corners 19e and f. This second force F.sub.2
(the force required to pull the two sheets simultaneously through
opening 17 without tearing the sheets or pulling insert 16 out of
the container) reaches a maximum just as sheet 18b is most tightly
doubled back on itself. Employing the preferred system described
herein, the maximum force is about 850 grams; F.sub.2 may, however,
vary from as low as about 500 grams to as much as about 1100 grams
in the same system, depending upon the spacing of the uppermost
sheet in the stack from insert 16 (and, consequently, the amount
and degree of resistance created by curling of each succeeding
sheet on itself).
The removal force necessary then drops off as sheet 18b is uncoiled
and both sheets 18a and 18b pass simultaneously through the sheet
restricting opening 17 until that point at which the first wet
sheet is dispensed. Just prior to that point, the removal force
F.sub.3 (the force exerted at the point sheet 18a is sheared from
sheet 18b) must exceed the frictional force between the respective
sheets (that force tending to produce chaining within the
system).
A preferred embodiment of the container structure is illustrated in
FIGS. 1-9. Such embodiment is more fully described and claimed in
copending application Ser. No. filed concurrently herewith in the
names of Robert F. Tilp, Willian E. Fitzpatrick, Robert B. Cubitt
and William A. Behlert, and entitled "Bulk Package Incorporating
Removable Insert for Individual Dispensing of Substantially Wet
Sheets from Stacks." In the preferred embodiment the container 14
may conveniently be provided in the form of a box-shaped member
prepared, for example, by molding or vacuum forming of a suitable
plastic, e.g., polypropylene, or from a similar substantially
moisture resistant and impermeable material. Desirably, both the
cover 15 and the dispenser insert 16 of the preferred embodiment
comprise a similar material.
As more fully disclosed in the aforesaid copending application, the
insert is firmly and yet removably mounted in order that withdrawal
of the successive sheets through the restricting opening will not
dislodge the insert although it may be removed from the container
by the user when it is desired to obtain access to the interior
thereof, e.g., for removal or replacement of all or a portion of
the stack of wet sheets therefrom. The insert has a tray-like
configuration incorporating rigidifying front and rear elongated
ribs 21 and corresponding elongated side ribs 22. A pair of detents
23 is provided integrally with each side rib 22, the respective
detents having tapering cross-sections (see FIG. 7) adapted to be
received in and frictionally engage corresponding recesses 24 in
the adjacent container walls. By so engaging the container the
insert is firmly and yet removably mounted therein and may be so
retained notwithstanding the fact that the removal forces manually
exerted on the wet sheets act on the insert as well.
Molded columns or posts 25 are additionally formed integrally with
and along the edges of the adjoining wall sections of container 14;
the plural posts, four of which are provided in the disclosed
embodiment, terminate in upper surfaces or ledges 26 which define a
substantially horizontal supporting surface for the dispenser
insert 16. The insert is positioned, resting on posts 25 and
interlocked with the container housing by means of the mating
detents and recesses 23 and 24 at the opposite side surfaces
thereof. It is thus mounted in fixed relation above the stack 13 of
wet sheets; when it is desired to remove or replace the stack, the
insert need merely be snapped out of position, a new stack of
sheets inserted, and the insert thereafter re-positioned.
The cover 15 is secured to the body of the 5-14 by means of a
flexible plastic hinge element 27. The use of such 274,135 hinge is
preferred since it provides a relatively simple, integral linkage
William securing the cover to the container in such a manner that a
substantially moisture-proof or impervious seal may be readily and
efficiently created therebetween upon closing the cover.
The cover itself includes circumferentially-extending wall portions
28 having interior shoulder elements 29 extending along all but the
hinged side thereof. The shouldered wall portions 28 cooperate with
and engage upstanding wall elements 31 formed integrally with the
container body.
A plurality of detents 32 (three are shown in FIG. 6) are formed
integrally along the front wall portion 28a of cover 15, adapted to
fit over and cooperatively engage mating detents 33 formed on the
corresponding front wall element 31a of the container body. By
pressing the cover into engagement with the container with the
detents 32 of the cover extending below and frictionally engaging
the detents 33 of the container walls (FIG. 7), the respective wall
sections 28 and 31 provide a substantially moisture-impervious
sealing means (FIG. 8) when cover 15 is closed. A further external
ridge 34 may also be provided extending along the outer, front edge
of cover 15 to facilitate manual opening of the cover.
In one particularly preferred embodiment of the bulk package of the
invention, container 14 may be about 5 inches long by about 21/2
inches deep by about 2 inches high. The dispenser insert may have a
thickness of about 1/16 inch and incorporates a diamond-shaped
restricting opening therein having somewhat rounded corners, the
length of each leg of the diamond being about 13/8 inches, and the
major and minor axes X and Y of the diamond (FIG. 6) being about
21/2 and 1-1/2 inches long, respectively. The wet sheets may
comprise the above-identified absorbent paper toweling stock having
a wet tensile strength in the dispensing direction of from about
1.5 to 3.0 lbs./inch of width. They may be rectangular in shape,
about 4-1/2 inches by 4-1/2 inches and inter-folded about their
respective center lines, and may be arranged in a stack of about
100 such sheets, approximately 1-1/2 inches high. The sheets may be
wetted by charging the container, with the stack therein, with a
substantially aqueous solution containing minor amounts of
emollients, detergents, bacterial and mold growth inhibitors,
perfume additives and the like, as indicated hereinabove.
The noted structures, dimensions and compositions are given to
illustrate specific details of a preferred embodiment of the
invention described hereinabove and shown in the attached drawings,
and are not intended as limiting. Thus, for example, the container
14 may be modified to incorporate a separate cover which need not
be hinged to the container in the manner of cover 15 but which may
merely engage the container by means of interlocking detents, rims
or the like to form the desired substantially moisture-proof seal,
and be readily and entirely removable therefrom. Secondly, in lieu
of the removable insert of the aforesaid copending application, the
barrier member may be permanently mounted and all or a portion of
the stack of wet sheets removed or replaced through an appropriate
opening in the base or a side wall of the container.
Since these and other changes may be made in the preferred
embodiment of the bulk package and dispenser hereof without
departing from the scope of the invention, and since the invention
is not restricted to the mechanisms postulated hereinabove, it is
intended that the preceding description should be construed as
illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
* * * * *