U.S. patent number 3,780,488 [Application Number 05/223,324] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for closure for film packages and method of making same.
This patent grant is currently assigned to The Dow Chemical Company. Invention is credited to Arthur D. Herrell.
United States Patent |
3,780,488 |
Herrell |
December 25, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
CLOSURE FOR FILM PACKAGES AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME
Abstract
A method of forming improved film packages of a type wherein one
or more of the package ends or regions is gathered and tied closed
by encircling metal bands, closure clips or other closure devices.
The resultant closure of compressed film is made leak-proof by
application of ultrasonic vibratory energy to the package in the
vicinity of the gathered region of film. The invention in its
modified embodiments further invisions elimination of present
bands, closure clips or other closure devices by using instead a
temporary film gathering and holding means, and then applying
ultrasonic energy to the gathered region of film to form a
permanent closure not requiring a band or clip.
Inventors: |
Herrell; Arthur D. (Bay City,
MI) |
Assignee: |
The Dow Chemical Company
(Midland, MI)
|
Family
ID: |
26917667 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/223,324 |
Filed: |
February 3, 1972 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
Issue Date |
|
|
878462 |
Nov 20, 1969 |
3667594 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
53/417; 53/469;
206/811; 383/94; 53/451; 53/479; 383/71 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
77/10 (20130101); B65B 51/225 (20130101); Y10S
206/811 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65B
51/22 (20060101); B65D 77/10 (20060101); B65b
007/00 (); B65b 051/22 () |
Field of
Search: |
;53/28,138,39,37.3,19
;206/46R ;229/65 ;220/DIG.31 ;156/580 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Simpson; Othell M.
Assistant Examiner: Desmond; E. F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A method of manufacturing a package comprising the steps of:
a. locating a product within a tubular film envelope, the film
being of a type which is sensitive to shrinkage and accompanying
swelling via application of ultrasonic vibratory energy
thereto;
b. gathering the film to form a package end, and applying an
encircling metal clip in compression about the gathered film;
c. applying ultrasonic energy to the package in the general
vicinity of said clip, to swell the film underneath the clip into
intimate conformity therewith, and to form a substantially
hermetically tight closure of said end.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said energy is transmitted to the
film through the clip.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein successive packages are formed and
are connected each to the other by a gathered region, and wherein
step C comprises applying ultrasonic vibratory energy to the
gathered region to cut the packages apart from each other, said
energy being applied at an area remote from and between a pair of
spaced apart clips associated with each said gathered region.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is generally in the field of improved film
packages of a type gathered and tied at an end portion or other
region thereof such as by an encircling metal band, closure clip or
other closure means, and to methods of fabricating such packages.
More specifically, the invention relates to obtaining a
substantially leak-proof closure underneath and/or adjacent such
clip means, and in certain embodiments, advantageously to
elimination of such clip means from the package.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
The term "clip seals" as used in the prior art indicates a type
seal or closure wherein one or more ends of a film package is
tightly gathered and tied such as by an encircling metal band or
closure clip. Examples of such closures are illustrated in U.S.
Pat. Nos. 2,884,749 and 2,924,924.
Conventional clip seals, for example, rely principally upon the
gathering together of the film and folding it such that the film is
held under pressure to make a seal. Such seals tend to be erratic
in that the film does not gather in any regular form such as would
assist in air-tight bunching together of the film underneath the
clip. Moreover, conventional packaging films, such as saran,
frequently do not display adequate compressibility to assist in
obtaining a hermetic pressure seal in the compressed region.
In any event, capillary action or wicking or seeping of product
through the clipped area, in present day packaging, is largely
dependent on clip pressure. Putting greater pressure on the
gathered film can be effected such as by using larger clips and the
like, but has the disadvantage that pressure alone may damage the
film if applied in too great amounts. Heat sealing in the clip
region such as by a hot bar or hot wire has been tried but found
lacking in that minute voids remain in the gathered region which
prevent achieving a hermetic closure.
Accordingly, it is among the objects of the present invention to
provide:
An improved film package of a type having an end portion or region
thereof gathered and tied closed such as by a clip closure or the
like, and wherein such a closure is substantially leak-proof even
as to liquid products, or to products such as hamburger or grease
which tend to seep or wick;
Such a package wherein the clip closure can be eliminated while
still obtaining a leak-proof closure of the film in the gathered
region;
Such a package wherein the film adjacent and/or underneath the clip
is swelled to an extent sufficient to "squeeze out" voids in the
gathered film, such as to assist in obtaining a hermetic closure of
the package;
A method of forming such packages wherein the film is gathered
tightly by permanent means such as a closure clip, or by temporary
means, and ultrasonic vibratory energy applied to the gathered
region of film in an amount sufficient such that a substantially
leakproof closure results;
Such a method wherein the packages are formed continuously in a
connected series of the same and wherein ultrasonic vibratory
energy is applied between adjacent gathered ends of adjacent
packages, such energy being sufficient to cut the packages apart
from each other, and simultaneously to hermetically close both such
gathered ends; and
Such a method wherein ultrasonic vibratory energy is applied
through such gathering and/or tieing means to tightly swell the
film against such means, and into tight substantially void-free
conformity therewith, whereby a hermetically tight, leak-proof
closure of the film is obtained.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly then, the present invention contemplates an improved
closure for packages of a type including gathered film, the closure
being of hermetically tight quality, and being obtained by
strategically applying ultrasonic vibratory energy to the package,
such energy sometimes being referred to as ultrasonic oscillatory
energy. Such a package, for example, can be formed from a
continuous film tube such as where product is filled through one
end of the tube, and the film tightly gathered and clipped at
regular intervals so as to form a connected string of packages. An
ultrasonic cut-off tool has been found useful as means to severe
the film between the clips of adjacent packages such as to separate
the same for packing. In addition, it has now been discovered that
the application of such energy simultaneously causes oriented films
to shrink back away from the cut or severed region, causing a
swelling and tightening of the film underneath the clip, and to a
degree that maximizes the air tightness of the closure. It has been
further discovered that sufficient application of such energy fuses
the film underneath and/or adjacent the clip into a substantially
solid or semi-solid void-free mass, and to an extent that the
closure is preserved even after removal of the clip. Accordingly,
the invention further contemplates elimination of the clip by using
certain temporary means to substitute for its function of tightly
gathering the film during package forming. Hermetically tight
closures of the type indicated surprisingly can also be obtained by
transmitting such energy to the gathered region of film through the
clip closure, or through such temporary gathering and holding
means. Where the clips are retained, however, it has been found
that the swelled mass of film in the clip region has the added
beneficial function of preventing the clips from popping off such
as, for example, if packages are carelessly or roughly handled
resulting in their dropping on the floor or the like, thus adding
additional toughness to the closure.
Various preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in
the accompanying drawing wherein wheresoever possible like
reference numerals designate corresponding materials and parts
throughout the several views thereof in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic and diagrammatic representation of apparatus
for applying ultrasonic vibratory energy to a string of connected
film packages having clipped ends whereby improved closures are
obtained in accordance with the teachings of the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial and enlarged view of a package manufactured
according to the apparatus and method of FIG. 1, and shows more
clearly the closure obtained at the package ends;
FIG. 3 is a schematic and diagrammatic representation of a modified
form of the invention where ultrasonic vibratory energy is applied
through the clip holding the film under pressure at the package
ends;
FIG. 4 is a partial and enlarged view of the resultant package
manufactured according to the apparatus and method of FIG. 1,
except with the clip removed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic and diagrammatic representation of temporary
film gathering means whereby clip closures and the like can be
advantageously eliminated.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, there is shown in
FIG. 1 a string of connected film packages 10 of generally tubular
shape, their opposite ends 12 and 14 being permanently gathered and
closed by encircling metal bands or clips 16, respectively.
Packages 10 can be manufactured from flat film or web stock, such
as by over-lapping and sealing together the opposite edges of the
film to form a hollow tube (not shown), filling a product 18
through one end of the tube, constricting the filled tube at
regular intervals, and thereafter tieing closed the constricted
film regions such as by encircling metal bands or clips as
indicated. Conventional apparatus for forming such packages is
illustrated in some detail, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
2,831,302 and 3,214,883.
It has now been found that significant improvement in the air-tight
quality of the closure at ends 12 and 14 can be obtained by
applying ultrasonic vibratory energy to strategic regions of
package 10, and specifically in the vicinity of clips 16. Such can
be accomplished, for example, through use of an ultrasonic cut-off
tool or assembly as denoted generally at 20 in FIG. 1.
Cut-off assembly 20 basically includes a striker or focusing horn
22 whose point or working tip 24 is positioned such as to generally
normally or perpendicularly contact the film at region 26 defined
between clips 16 of adjacent packages 10. Focusing horn 22 receives
ultrasonic vibratory energy through fixed connection to a
transducer element 28. Transducer 28, in turn, is operated by an
energy source such as a radio frequency generator 30, the latter
being an electronic device that converts 60 cycle house current, or
a like low frequency out put, to the desired ultrasonic frequency.
Ultrasonic vibration from transducer 28 is accordingly fed through
focusing horn 22, and concentrated at tip 24 such as to cut the
film apart at region 26, thereby separating packages 10. To assist
such cutting, assembly 20 conventionally includes an anvil or
back-up member 32 disposed opposite tip 24, and at a location such
that film region 26 is positioned in contacting engagement
therebetween.
Cut-off assemblage 20 can operate, for example, generally
simultaneously with the gathering and clipping of packages 10, or
can be disposed at a station remote from such operations. As to the
former, cut-off tool 20 is readily adaptable for use in combination
with the package forming apparatus of the above mentioned U.S.
patents, such as for example, by locating cut-off tool 20 such that
its tip 24 operates between adjacent gathering, constricting, clip
applying or the like movable plates of the indicated patented
apparatus. In any event, for applications such as presently
disclosed, focusing horn 22 and anvil 32 can be suitably mounted so
as to move reciprocally away from and toward each other as
indicated generally by arrows 36 and 38, respectively. Such
movement permits the thick body portion 40 of packages 10 to pass
between horn 22 and anvil 32, thereby permitting forward indexed
advancement of packages 10 such as is appropriate for mechanized
continuous package forming operations.
A wide variety of thermoplastic films or sheet material are
suitable for practice for the principles of the present invention.
Optionally, such films are oriented films, preferably biaxially
oriented films. Such oriented films have been found to swell
considerably when ultrasonic energy is applied in the gathered
regions of the film, or in other words, where film mass is maximum.
Specifically such energy is transmitted up the film from the
cut-off point causing the film to shrink backward toward the clip,
simultaneously increasing in radius, thereby filling up the clip
and essentially producing a solidified, fused mass of film 42
underneath and/or adjacent the clip (see FIG. 2). Evidently such
swelling squeezes trapped air and the like from within the folds or
gathered region of the film such that voids are substantially
"squeezed out" to maximize the hermetic qualties of the
closure.
Exemplary of such oriented films contemplated for use in the
present invention are such packing films as vinylidene
chloride-vinyl chloride copolymer films generally sold under the
designation "saran films." Examples of such saran films are Saran
Wrap film and Saran Wrap S shrinkable film available through The
Dow Chemical Company of Midland, Michigan. Saran Wrap S shrinkable
film comprises generally by weight 73 per cent vinylidene chloride,
27 per cent vinyl chloride. Saran Wrap film is generally of a
proportion comprising 85 per cent vinylidene chloride, 15 per cent
vinyl chloride. Other examples of suitable films can include
structured films such as, for example, of a type as is disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 3,387,640; or such other conventional packaging films
as olefinic homopolymer and copolymer films such as polyethylene or
ethylene/ethyl acrylate film and the like. Such materials or films
may include pigments, stabilizers, plasticizers, or can be
otherwise formulated to enhance their properties as is customary in
film manufacture.
Appropriately high orientation of such films is normally achieved
by the manufacturer such as where the film is extruded as a
"bubble" or hollow tube, and air pressure provided internally,
thereby stretching the tube to biaxially orientate the same.
A modification of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3 wherein
ultrasonic energy is applied through clips 16a of a package 10a.
Again, sufficient application of such energy can be applied so as
to fuse the film underneath the clip into a substantially solid or
semisolid, air-tight mass. The flow and fusing of the film is
readily evidenced by the resultant dumbbell configuration or region
26a, as is best seen in FIG. 4, a view where slip 16a is removed.
The narrow region denoted at 44 (the part formerly underneath the
clip) is fused as indicated. Immediately adjacent region 44, a
swelled or bulbous-shapped end 46a away from the body portion 40a
of package 10a. The resultant closure comprising region 44 and end
46 is observed as being of sufficient toughness to remain intact,
even subsequent to removal of clip 16a.
In the above described embodiments of the invention, the means
employed to tightly gather and hold the film are illustrated as
being of a permanent nature such as clips 16 and 16a. Temporary
gathering and tieing means, however, can be employed. Thus, as
illustrated in FIG. 5, matched jaws 50 and 52 are suitably mounted
(by means not shown) to move reciprocally as indicated by arrows 54
and 56 toward and away from each other to rightly gather
therebetween film region 26b, and thereafter to release the film
such as to permit subsequent forward indexed movement of packages
10b. Sufficient ultrasonic energy can be applied such as to cut
apart packages 10b, or can be transmitted through jaws 50 and 52,
as described, thus forming a permanent closure comprising a swelled
solid or semi-solid fused film mass of a type as generally
indicated above. Accordingly, by practice of the principles of the
present invention, where desired, clip closures can be eliminated,
substituting therefore a fused film mass. Packages 10b have the
advantage of being more convenient to open than those heretofore
provided, i.e., those employing closure such as clips 16.
Generally, the optimum residence time of the film between the
focusing horn 22 and anvil 32 will vary with the ultrasonic
frequencies utilized and the amplitude of the striker. Further
variations would be dependent on film type, thickness and the like.
Appropriate residence times are normally in the range of
approximately 1/2-2 seconds. In any event, tolerances are readily
worked out quickly through trial and error procedure, and the
requirements of the closure as contemplated herein have been found
such that satisfactory closures can be obtained within a fairly
liberal range of tolerances.
The focusing horn 22 can be constructed of a hard metalic material
at tip 26, such as hardened steel, and is normally positioned in a
direction generally normal to the plane of film region 26 and 26a.
The excitation frequencies transmitted to focusing horn 24 is
beneficially in the range of about 15 to 500 kilocycles per second,
and preferably in a range of 20 to 50 kilocycles per second. The
lower operating ranges are normally limited by objectionable
audible noise. The horn may be excited electrically by means of a
conventional magnetostrictive transducer such as described in U.S.
Pat. No. 2,803,735, or a conventional piezoelectric transducer,
such as described in the article entitled "A Barium Titanate
Transducer Capable of Large Motion at an Ultrasonic Frequency" by
Mason and Wich, printed in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of
America, March 15, 1951.
Anvil or back-up plate 32 is normally manufactured of hardened
steel. Customarily, such devices having industrial applications are
constructed in the form of a wheel to prevent localized cutting or
rutting through prolonged operation.
The following example is intended to illustrate the invention, but
is not to be construed as limiting thereof.
EXAMPLE
Packages 10 are constructed as indicated with the exception that
such packages are filled with air to assist in measuring leakage in
the closure region of the package. Saran Wrap packaging film is
used. The packages are sealed using a magnetostrictive type
transducer powered by a 300 watt, 24 kilocycle generator. Cut off
of packages 10 is accomplished using a generally rectangular, blunt
ended anvil 32 of one-eighth inch thickness as represented by
reference letter X in FIG. 1. Tip 24 is of circular cross-sectional
configuration having a diameter of approximately three-eighths
inch, and is positioned approximately one-eighth to
three-sixteenths inch from each side clips 16, respectively.
Residence time is approximately 1/2 to 2 seconds. Any contamination
inadvertently introduced into the film is found not to prevent
hermetic sealing in the gathered film region 26. After ultrasonic
cut off, packages 10 are then compared to like packages except that
the gathered film regions thereof are secured only by external
pressure through use of conventional aluminum wire clips. To assist
comparison, packages of each type are placed in separate tubs of
water, and a weight of 40 pounds placed across the packages. After
a given time, the volumetric displacement of the water is measured,
whereby the leakage per hour is determined. The ultrasonically
sealed package 10 displays a significant improvement in leakage
rate over those of conventional construction. Examination of the
ultrasonically sealed packages 10 in region 26 is accomplished by
removing clips 16. The film underneath the clip is observed as
being swelled and fused into a compact mass of sufficient toughness
to maintain air-tightness subsequent to clip removal.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been
shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and
modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention. For example, the principles of the
present invention are readily applied for obtaining leakproof
closures on plastic bags of a type gathered and tied closed at one
or more ends or other regions thereof.
* * * * *