U.S. patent number 3,780,464 [Application Number 05/286,608] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for firing mechanism for percussion lock firearms.
Invention is credited to Harvey B. Anderson.
United States Patent |
3,780,464 |
Anderson |
December 25, 1973 |
FIRING MECHANISM FOR PERCUSSION LOCK FIREARMS
Abstract
A mechanism to replace the flash hole structure of either breech
or muzzle loading percussion firearms to allow firing with metallic
cartridge primers of present day commerce. The primer is enclosed
by a removable cap during firing to prevent fragmentation. A
relatively large flash hole is provided with a check valve to
alleviate misfires and hangfires to prevent blow backs.
Inventors: |
Anderson; Harvey B. (Yakima,
WA) |
Family
ID: |
23099361 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/286,608 |
Filed: |
September 5, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
42/69.01;
42/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
3/74 (20130101); F41C 9/08 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
3/74 (20060101); F41C 9/08 (20060101); F41A
3/00 (20060101); F41C 9/00 (20060101); F41c
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;42/69R,51 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Engle; Samuel W.
Assistant Examiner: Jordan; C. T.
Claims
Having thusly described my invention, what I desire to protect by
Letters Patent, and what I claim is:
1. A firing mechanism for installation in a breech of percussion
lock firearms, comprising, in combination:
a body having means for releasable establishment in the breech of a
percussion lock firearm to communicate therethrough, the body
defining an outer primer cup and an internal firing channel
communicating from the primer cup through a one-way valve to the
inner end, the valve preventing backfire through the internal
firing channel; and
a cap adapted to seat about the outer part of the external portion
of the body to cover a primer in the primer cup of the body and
having an associated firing pin structure extending rearwardly
thereof to fire a primer in the primer cup upon inward impact upon
the firing pin structure.
2. The invention of claim 1 positioned in the breech of a
percussion lock firearm, said firearm having a hammer which may
deliver impact upon activation to the firing pin structure.
3. In a percussion lock firearm having a breech, a firing chamber
and a hammer, a firing mechanism having a threaded channel,
communicating through the breech to the firing chamber and so
positioned that the hammer will impart inwardly directed impact
along the axis of the channel at a spaced distance from the breech,
comprising, in combination:
a body, having an inward threaded portion and an outward cap seat,
defining an internal firing channel therethrough including an outer
primer cup and an inward valve chamber having a seat in the outer
part thereof to seat slidably carried ball to prevent back
pressure; and
a cylindrical cap defining an internal chamber configured to seat
upon the cap seat of the body and carrying an elongate firing pin,
having an inwardly projecting firing protuberance and an outwardly
projecting portion, to fire a primer in the primer cup upon
inwardly directed impact upon the firing pin.
4. The invention of claim 3 further characterized by a medial part
of the body outwardly of the threaded portion configured as a
hexagon to aid in mechanically rotating the body.
5. The invention of claim 3 further characterized by a joinder of
cap to body to prevent the cap from being removed more than a
pre-determined distance from the body.
6. The invention of claim 3 further characterized by: the firing
channel rearwardly of the valve seat having an outwardly increasing
cross-sectional area to lessen back pressure exiting therethrough;
and
the cap having a vent hole communicating therethrough.
Description
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
1. Field of Invention
This invention relates generally to firing mechanism for percussion
lock firearms and more particularly to such a device that fires
metallic cartridge primers and positively prevents blow back.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the development of small arms prior to the metallic cartridge
era, ignition or firing of a propellant charge was accomplished by
ignition through a small channel communicating from the firing
chamber externally through the firearm barrel. This channel, first
known as a touchhole in the days when a propelling charge was
ignited by touching a punk to the hole as in the ancient cannon
lock, evolved successively thereafter through the matchlock,
wheellock and flintlock -- all requiring some external burning type
ignition -- to the percussion lock in the late seventeen hundreds.
The percussion lock provided a flash type ignition by striking an
unstable chemical such as a metallic fulminate to cause a flash
through the touchhole and this hole thence became known as the
flash hole. Soon thereafter the detonator chemical came to be
contained firstly in paper caps and shortly thereafter in metallic
caps. This type of ignition system became perfected in the middle
of the 18th century where it was epitomized by the Sharps
rifle.
Though the metallic cartridge materially changed the course of
firearms development, percussion lock arms are still in use and
have become increasingly popular sporting arms in modern times.
The flashhole of the percussion lock arm was necessarily of a
relatively small diameter since backfire through this portal from
the exploding propellant charge was controlled only by the flash
hole size. The backfire normally would be directed away from a
shooter by appropriate hole geometry, but nonetheless remained a
hazard to shooters. The small size of the hole made it quite prone
to fouling especially with the black powder loads commonly used in
such arms. Fouling of the channel would prevent subsequent ignition
through it to cause misfires or slow the ignition process to cause
hangfires. In the latter percussion lock period, the priming
compound came to be contained in a short metallic cylinder called a
cap which fit appropriately about a nipple forming the external
orifice of the flash hole and so positioned that it would be struck
by the hammer. These caps necessarily were relatively weak to
prevent fragmentation of the container during firing as the
containers were generally exposed. Such a weak detonating charge
cooperated with a fouled flash hole to cause further problems by
way of misfires and hangfires.
The instant invention seeks to alleviate these problems in
percussion lock firearms by providing particular ignition structure
to replace the typical flash hole. It provides an enlarged firing
channel through which an ordinary metallic rifle shell primer is
fired to ignite a propelling charge. The firing channel is provided
with a mechanical check valve to prevent substantial backfires and
the mechanism provides complete enclosure of the primer during
firing to alleviate problems caused by fragmentation. The hotter,
more powerful metallic cartridge primer firing through the enlarged
channel with its particular geometry does away with fouling and the
consequent hangfires and misfires.
The device may be installed in existing flash hole structures by
simple routine machining in existing percussion arms and may
readily be adapted to conversion of the early rolling block arms to
the percussion type.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
My invention provides an elongate firing structure that is
threadedly engaged in an appropriate channel through the breech,
normally about the area of the pre-existing flash hole, of a
percussion lock arm.
The structure comprises a body, preferably with a removable cap,
connected for convenience by a small chain. The inner (nearest the
chamber) part of the body periphery provides a threaded portion for
releasable positioning in the breech of a percussion arm. The outer
(most distal from the chamber) portion of the body provides a
primer cup with periphery about which the cap may fit. The interior
portion of the body defines a firing channel communicating axially
therethrough with a one way sliding-ball type check valve in the
inner end portion to prevent backfires. The cap provides a cover
about the outer end portion of the body so that a primer in firing
position in the primer cup is completely enclosed. A firing pin is
carried in the medial part of the outer end portion of the cap to
ignite a primer by impact in response to a blow from the existing
hammer of a particular arm.
The mechanism may be installed in any percussion lock arm in the
pre-existing threaded flash hole structure or by drilling out the
channel to receive my device.
In providing such a device it is:
A principal object to provide a firing structure for percussion
lock arms that uses the more powerful, hotter metallic cartridge
primers of present day commerce.
A further object to provide such a structure that may be used in
existing percussion lock arms either directly or after only simple
machining operations.
A further object to provide such a device that has an enlarged
firing channel of particular geometry communicating with the firing
chamber through a sliding-ball type check valve to prevent
backfires.
A still further object to provide such a device that has a
releasably positionable cap to totally enclose a primer during
firing to prevent fragmentation and to protect the primer,
especially from moisture.
A still further object to provide such a firing structure that is
of new novel design, of rugged and durable nature, of simple and
economic manufacture and otherwise well adapted to the uses and
purposes for which it is intended.
Other and further objects of my invention will appear from the
following specification and accompanying drawings which form a part
hereof. In carrying out the objects of my invention, however, it is
to be remembered that its accidental features are susceptible of
change in design and structure arrangement with only one preferred
and practical embodiment being illustrated in the accompanying
drawings as required.
BREIF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and wherein
like numbers of reference refer to similar parts throughout:
FIG. 1 is an orthographic surface view of the preferred form of my
invention.
FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the device of FIG. 1
taken on a line 2--2 thereon in the direction indicated by the
arrows.
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the cap fastening spring clip.
FIG. 4 is an orthographic view of a specie of my invention as used
in the firearm partially illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 6.
FIG. 5 is a partial orthographic surface view of a converted
rolling block Remingtion showing my invention therein.
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view taken on the vertical
plane 6--6 through the medial part of the rifle of FIG. 5 in the
direction indicated by the arrows to show the details of my
invention in such conversions.
FIG. 7 is an isometric side view of the rolling block of the rifle
of FIG. 5 showing its modification.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings in more detail it will be seen that
my invention comprises generally body 10 defining internal firing
channel 11 and carrying primer 14 which is enclosed by cap 12
having associated firing pin 13 to fire the primer upon impact.
In FIG. 1 body 10 is a generally cylindrical member of circular
symmetry externally defining in its inward (nearest firing chamber)
part threaded portion 15, in its medial part hexagonal nut-like
portion 16 and in its outer (most distal from firing chamber) part
cylindrical cap seat 17. The cap seat should provide a sliding fit
for cap 12 and preferably does this by means of a slightly enlarged
boss 17a. Threaded portion 15 is long enough to provide a
mechanical joinder of sufficient strength within the breech portion
of a barrel wherein it is threadedly engaged without appreciable
loss of strength in the barrel and should define the firing channel
into or nearly into the normal firing chamber of the particular
arm.
Firing channel 11 is defined within the body 10 symmetrically about
the body axis. The outer portion of the channel comprises
cylindrical outer primer cup 18, with a depth about half that of
the normal metallic cartridge primer 14, communicating by conic
outwardly flaring chamber 19 to medial cylindrical firing channel
20. The firing channel in turn communicates by chamfer 21 to firing
chamber facing ball-valve seat 22 in the rearward part of larger
cylindrical ball-valve chamber 23 which extends through the forward
end of body 10. Ball 24 is slidably carried loosely within valve
chamber 23 and is of size to seat in ball-valve seat 22. The ball
is maintained within chamber 23 by medial pin 41 carried forwardly
of the ball by a press fit cooperating holes 25 defined in the
body.
Small chain 26 is fastened by link 27 to body 10. The end of this
chain communicates with spring clip 28 fastenable on cap 12 to
provide a releasable attachment between the body and cap.
Cap 12 externally comprises cylinder 29 with diametrically opposed
spring slots 30 in its inward part to releasably receive the arms
of spring clip 28. The cap defines internal cylindrical void 31
configured to slidably fit about cap seat 17 of body 10. Firing pin
hole 32, is defined in the medial part of the outer end of cap 12
to receive firing pin 13.
The firing pin is a short cylindrical element providing in its
forwardmost part smaller firing proturberance 33 to impact upon a
primer for detonation and in its rearward part somewhat larger body
34 projecting outwardly beyond the cap. The pin is maintained
within hole 32 by a press fit therein. To cause firing in this
species of my invention the outward projecting of firing pin body
is struck by an arms hammer and the entire cap structure moved
inwardly relative to the body to impact the firing protuberance
upon a pre-placed primer.
Small vent hole 35 communicates from cap chamber 31 externally
through the cap to relieve any possible back pressure through the
firing channel, and allow free sliding motion of cap upon cap
seat.
A species of my invention is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 6. Here the
body does not have the medial nut-like portion to aid placement,
but rather provides screw driver slot 40 in the outermost part for
a similar purpose. Cap seat 17 provides no enlarged boss and since
this cap does not slidably move on the seat to cause firing, the
cap is frictionally maintained on the seat by appropriate sizing
aided by plural sots 36 in the cap wall. Firing pin 13, as shown in
FIG. 6, is a separate structure carried by an associated firearm to
slidably move through hole 32 in the cap to impact upon a primer. a
particular installation of the specie is illustrated in the typical
rolling block rifle partially illustrated in cross-section in FIG.
6.
Having thusly described the structure of my invention its operation
may now be understood.
My firing mechanism may be installed in almost any percussion lock
firearm. The area about the flash hole is generally already drilled
and tapped but if not it is appropriately drilled and tapped to
receive threaded portion 15 of the body 10 of my device. The sizing
and geometry must be such that when the device is installed the
hammer of the particular arm will strike the outwardly extending
portion of firing pin structure 13 to cause the device to
operate.
A typical installation in a Remington rolling block conversion is
shown in FIG. 6 wherein my invention is seen in place to activate a
charge in firing chamber 37 upon percussion activation by hammer
38. Similar installations can be made in any percussion type arm by
appropriate positioning hole 39 about the originial flash hole and
providing it with threads 42 to receive the threaded portion of the
body of my invention, the positional requirement remaining, of
course, that the hammer be capable of striking firing pin 34 to
cause impact ignition of primer 14.
In use my invention is formed according to the foregoing
specification and installed in a firearm as described and
illustrated. Cap 12 is removed from body 10 and ordinary metallic
cartridge primer 14 is inserted facing inwardly in the primer cup.
The cap is then replaced upon the body in position to protect the
readied primer and to fire it upon impact to firing structure 13.
When the device is fired the hammer of the particular arm will
communicate an impact on the rearward portion of firing pin 34
moving it sharply forwardly to strike the rearward part of primer
14 to cause ignition. In the species of FIGS. 1 and 2 the whole cap
moves forwardly on the body. The ignition products of the fired
primer will move forwardly through firing channel 11 and into
firing chamber 37 of the firearm to ignite the propellant charge
there present. As this occurs gaseous combustion products will be
formed in the firing chamber to create a gas pressure which will be
exerted proportionately back through the firing channel to move
ball 24 outwardly against seat 22 to seal this channel and prevent
exit of any substantial volume of chamber gases through the firing
channel. If any back pressure is created in the firing channel
before the ball valve seals, gas will pass rearwardly through that
channel, with pressure partially relieved by expansion in chamber
19, to exit through vent hole 35 in cap 12, in a fashion not to
injure a shooter.
From the foregoing description it is particularly to be noted that
the smallest part of the firing channel 20 is mechanically limited
in size only to a diameter slightly less than that of primer 14 so
tht this channel may be relatively large -- from one to two-tenths
of an inch in diameter -- whereas the flash hole of the typical
percussion arm was only some thirty thousandths to forty
thousandths of an inch in diameter. This larger hole by itself and
by reason of fouling which it prevents gives a hotter ignition
flame for the propellant charge to increase accuracy and reduce the
possibilities of misfires and hangfires.
It is further to be noted that the primer is totally enclosed by
the cap when fired not only to prevent fragmentation but also to
protect the primer and keep it dry during periods of non-use.
The foregoing description of my invention is necessarily of a
detailed nature so that a specific embodiment of it might be set
forth as required, but it is to be understood that various
modifications of detail, rearrangement and multiplication of parts
might be resorted to without departing from its spirit, essence or
scope.
* * * * *