U.S. patent number 3,780,437 [Application Number 05/231,139] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-25 for orthodontic bracket.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Consyne Corporation. Invention is credited to Alexander J. Wildman.
United States Patent |
3,780,437 |
Wildman |
December 25, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
ORTHODONTIC BRACKET
Abstract
An arch wire is held in a slot in a bracket body by a finger of
a hook-like follower having a camming portion adapted to push the
arch wire into the slot. The finger has a rounded labial surface
blending with a labial portion of a head of the body and has
wedging surfaces adapted to move the follower to its open position.
A snap ring engages somewhat abrupt shoulders on the follower to
strongly hold the follower in its closed position, and engages less
abrupt shoulders on the follower to weakly hold the follower in its
open position. The body has a saddle horn portion to connect
elastics to the body, and has notches for receiving auxiliary
equipment.
Inventors: |
Wildman; Alexander J. (Eugene,
OR) |
Assignee: |
Consyne Corporation (Glendora,
CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22867894 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/231,139 |
Filed: |
March 2, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
433/14 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61C
7/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A61C
7/00 (20060101); A61C 7/12 (20060101); A61c
007/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;32/14A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mancene; Louis G.
Assistant Examiner: Lever; J. Q.
Claims
I claim:
1. In an improved orthodontic bracket,
a rigid auxiliary collar of a predetermined length having an
opening therethrough and having a shallow groove,
a body having a base and head portion having an arch wire receiving
groove open at the side thereof more remote from the base,
the collar being adapted to be passed over the head portion and
engage the side of an arch wire in the groove adjacent the base at
points spaced substantially beyond the ends of the groove,
the body having stop portions holding the collar in a position in
which the portions of the collar beyond the ends of the groove are
substantially flush with the bottom of the groove,
and means for retaining the arch wire in the groove.
2. The improved orthodontic bracket of claim 1 wherein the collar
is C-shaped.
3. In combination,
a body having a guideway and a retaining opening open at one
side,
a locking member having a slide portion slidable in the guideway, a
locking portion for covering said one side of the opening and a
latching portion,
and a snap ring detenting spring mounted on the body,
the locking member having shoulder portions engaged by the
detenting spring for holding the locking member against movement
relative to the body with a predetermined force when the locking
member is in a closed position relative to the body,
the locking member also being provided with sloping camming
portions engagable by the detenting spring to hold the locking
member in an open position with a force substantially less than
said predetermined force.
4. In combination,
a body having a guideway and a retaining opening open at one
side,
a locking member having a slide portion slidable in the guideway, a
locking portion for covering said one side of the opening and a
latching portion,
and a snap ring detenting spring mounted on the body,
the locking member and the detenting spring having first
interlocking portions for holding the locking member against
movement relative to the body with a predetermined force when the
locking member is in a closed position relative to the body,
the locking member and the detenting spring also being provided
with second interlocking portions for holding the locking member in
an open position with a force substantially less than said
predetermined force,
the locking member having a first pair of notches defining the
first interlocking portions and a second pair of notches defining
the second interlocking portions,
the first pair of notches having sides with a predetermined slope
and the second pair of notches having sides with a slope
substantially less than said predetermined slope.
5. In combination,
a body having a guideway and a retaining opening open at one
side,
a locking member having a slide portion slidable in the guideway, a
locking portion for covering said one side of the opening and a
latching portion,
and a snap ring detenting spring mounted on the body,
the locking member and the detenting spring having first
interlocking shoulder portions for holding the locking member
against movement relative to the body with a predetermined force
when the locking member is in a closed position relative to the
body,
the locking member and the detenting spring also being provided
with second interlocking cam portions for holding the locking
member in an open position with a force substantially less than
said predetermined force,
the end portions of the spring extending over one end of the
guideway and being bevelled to facilitate insertion of the locking
member into the guideway.
6. In combination,
an orthodontic arch wire receiving bracket including a body having
a guideway and an arch wire receiving groove open at one side,
a locking member having a slide portion slidable in the guideway, a
locking portion for covering said one side of the groove and a
latching portion,
and a detenting spring mounted on the body,
the locking member and the detenting spring having interlocking
shoulder and detent portions for holding the locking member against
movement relative to the body with a predetermined force when the
locking member is in a closed position relative to the body,
the locking member and the detenting spring also being provided
with interlocking sloping cam and detent portions for holding the
locking member in an open position with a force substantially less
than said predetermined force.
7. The combination of claim 6 wherein the locking member is
generally U-shaped with one arm forming the slide portion and the
other arm forming the locking portion.
8. The combination of claim 7 wherein said other arm has a camming
end portion adapted to push the arch wire fully into the
groove.
9. The combination of claim 7 wherein said other arm covers at
least the major portion of the end of the body when the locking
member is in its closed position.
10. The combination of claim 9 wherein said other arm is
button-like in shape.
11. The combination of claim 5 including an auxiliary collar on the
body and engaging the arch wire outboard of the body.
12. The combination of claim 11 wherein the collar is C-shaped and
the body has notches receiving the end portions of the collar.
13. The combination of claim 11 wherein the collar is retained on
the body by the arch wire.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with what is known as the direct method of
orthodontic work, bands are positioned around the individual teeth
of a patient with brackets to permit connection of the band to the
arch wire and various spring wires as are ordinarily utilized. This
technique requires considerable skill and judgment on the part of
an orthodontist in manipulating and forming the various force
applying wires so as to attain the desired movement of teeth.
In accordance with the so-called "indirect" method utilized
heretofore, bands and arch wires are formed in an ideal model and
then transferred to the patient. However, it is virtually
impossible to secure the bands on the patient's teeth in the same
location as on the model.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
By utilizing the apparatus of the invention an othodontist is
enabled to perform the difficult and intricate task of forming an
arch wire so as to obtain the desired tooth movement on an ideal
model of the teeth of the patient while the arch wire is out of the
mouth. Thereafter, the arch wire can be transferred to the
patient's mouth and easily and quickly secured to the individual
teeth by the novel brackets of the invention.
More particularly, in accordance with the invention, arch wire
brackets are secured by bands to the teeth of a patient after which
an impression is made of the patient's mouth. After removal of the
impression, replicas of the brackets are inserted in a
corresponding position in the impression and a casting made of the
teeth in the course of which the brackets will become rigidly
attached to the tooth castings. Thereafter, the individual tooth
castings are separated and reset in an ideal model of the patient's
mouth whereupon an arch wire can be formed so as to conform to the
bracket locations of the teeth in the ideal model. After formation
of such wire, it is transferred to the patient's mouth, whereupon
the memory of the wire will apply corrective force to the teeth
causing them to move towards their ideal location.
The invention includes an improved orthodontic bracket in which a
snap ring engages first interlocking portions of a follower with a
strong detenting force for holding the follower in a closed
position on a body, and engages second interlocking portions on the
follower for holding the follower in an open position with a weaker
detenting force. The bracket may have a cleat for attachment of
elastics, and may have connections for an auxiliary collar for
engaging the arch wire outboard of the bracket to increase leverage
on the bracket.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an improved orthodontic
bracket forming one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an auxiliary collar of the bracket
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the bracket of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 4--4 of FIG.
3;
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken along line 5--5 of FIG.
3;
FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view similar to FIG. 5 but with
parts of the bracket in different positions;
FIG. 7 is a fragmentary, inverted, elevation view of the auxiliary
collar with an attachment;
FIG. 8 is a partially sectional, inverted, elevation view of the
auxiliary collar and attachment; and
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary, elevation view of two auxiliary collars
and a wire interconnecting the collars.
Referring now in detail to the drawings, there is shown therein a
bracket 10 forming one embodiment of the invention and including a
body 11 having a base 12 adapted to be secured as by brazing or
other suitable means to a tooth band 14 which is mounted upon the
patient's tooth in any conventional manner. The bracket also
includes a head portion 16 having a saddle horn or cleat 17 having
a labial surface 18. As indicated, the base and head portions are
preferably of circular configuration, but need not be so, and
extending between them is a shank 20 which is of reduced diameter
with respect to both the base portion 12 and the head portion 16.
The head portion 16 is formed with a horizontal groove 28 therein
for receiving an arch wire 30. Preferably, but not necessarily,
both the groove 28 and the arch wire 30 are of rectangular
configuration. The head portion 16 is also provided with a vertical
slot or notch 26. A vertical groove or guideway 32 extends through
the base and shank portions and preferably being of rectangular
cross section. The slot 26 extends between the groove 32 and outer,
planar face 34 of the head. The base 12 has a planar, annular
surface 33 and a concave, frustospherical portion 35 to accommodate
the convex portion of a tooth.
A generally U-shaped locking member or follower 38 includes a base
40 having a slide 41 of rectangular cross section adapted to be
slidably received within the groove 32 and a latching portion 43.
Extending forwardly from the base 40 is an arm or bridge 42 fitting
closely and slidably in the slot 26. At the end of the arm 42 is a
button-like locking finger or head 44 adapted to extend across the
open side of the groove 28 and hold the arch wire 30 when the same
is in the groove 28, compound inclined wedging or camming face 47
of the finger 44 serving to force the arch wire into the groove
when the follower is moved to its closed position if the arch wire
is initially only half way in the groove. The finger covers the
entire length of the groove to give good leverage from the arch
wire to the bracket. The finger has no rough edges or sharp
corners.
The follower 38 is adapted to be locked in place by a snap ring 46
(FIGS. 4 and 5) which, in turn, is adapted to be engaged about the
shank 20, pointed, slightly hooked end portions 49 of the snap ring
extending over sloping, rounded, shoulders 51 of strongly detenting
notches 53 of the latching portion 43 when the follower is in its
closed position as shown in FIG. 5. This locking action prevents
popping open of the follower. The latching portion has less
strongly detenting notches 56 having gently tapering or inclined
surfaces 58 providing a weak detenting action to move the follower
to and hold the follower in its open position as shown in FIG. 6.
Abrupt shoulders 60 prevent upward movement of the follower beyond
its open position. The snap ring 46 holds the follower in its
closed position with a strong detenting action, and holds the
follower in its open position with a less strong, somewhat soft
detenting action. To move the follower to its closed position, the
orthodontist merely presses, with a finger or tool, the follower
down until the snap ring engages the rounded shoulders, and then
the snap ring pulls the follower down until end 62 (FIG. 4) of the
finger 44 engages the saddle horn 17. To move the follower to its
open position, the finger 44 has inclined or wedging edge portions
64 opposite planar edge 66 of the saddle horn, and jaws of a
plier-like tool may be forced between the portions 64 and the edge
66 to wedge the follower slightly away from its closed position
until the pointed end portions 49 of the snap ring are in
engagement with the inclined surfaces 58. Then the snap ring forces
the follower to its open position in which the finger 44 clears the
groove 28. The snap ring acts as an overcenter spring to either
snap the follower closed or to move the follower to a fully open
position. The follower opens with a click and closes with a
click.
Labial surface 70 of the finger and labial surface 18 of the saddle
horn 17 form a button-like or frusto-spherical surface so as to not
irritate adjacent portions of the mouth. It should be noted that
biting action of the user always tends to move the follower toward
its closed position.
The snap ring 46 (FIGS. 5 and 6) is provided with inclined end
surfaces 71. To assemble the follower 38 with the body, the lower
end of the follower is pushed against the end surfaces 71 to spread
the ends of the snap ring apart, and the follower is pushed on into
the slot 32 at least to its open position. The follower keeps the
snap ring from rotating on the bracket.
An elongated, rigid, C-shaped auxiliary collar 80 (FIGS. 1 and 2)
may be mounted on the bracket when, for example, there is desired
greater leverage for rotation of the tooth than is provided by
engagement of the bar-like arch wire 30 with the outer ends of the
bottom of the groove 28. Before the arch wire 30 is inserted,
aligned pintle portions 82 of the collar are inserted into notches
84 in the head 16 and the connecting bar 86 of the collar is
snapped over the saddle horn 17. Next the arch wire 30 is inserted
into the groove 28 and pressed into engagement with the bottom
surfaces of the aligned, outboard grooves 92 formed in the opposite
wings 94 of the collar. The follower 38 is then moved downwardly
into its locked, operative position whereupon the arch wire 30 is
relatively rigidly engaged within the groove 28, the arch wire in
turn pressing against the auxiliary collar 80 so that the pintle
portions 82 bear against the sidewalls or stop portions 90 defining
in part the notches 84 and the connecting bar 86 of the collar
bears against the inclined surface 88 which also acts as a stop
portion. As will be apparent, the arch wire 30 may be removed from
the bracket for adjustment and replacement without requiring
removal of the collar 80.
The saddle horn 17 has a bar-like cleat 93 having end surfaces 95
forming portions of the same cylinder as the head 16 and radially
external surface 97 of the follower 38. The saddle horn also has a
reduced shank 99. The cleat 93 is relieved at 98 to permit the
auxiliary collar 80 to be snapped over it during assembly or
disassembly. The saddle horn serves as a connector for an arch
wire, elastics or other auxiliary devices, a groove 101 being
provided for a round arch wire, the finger 44 holding the round
arch wire in the groove.
The bar 86 (FIG. 2) of the auxiliary collar 80 may have holes 81
therein for attaching wires or other auxiliary equipment to the
collar. Also, auxiliary equipment may be brazed or welded to the
bar 86. For example, a wire, a spring or a buccal tube, either
round or rectangular, may be brazed to the bar 86 for attachment of
springs, arch wires, retraction devices or other auxiliaries. Inner
edge portions 107 also provide areas for attachment of auxiliary
devices. If desired, the collar may be provided with fulcrum
projections projecting from the bottom of the groove 92 at the end
portions of the groove 92 to increase the rotation leverage.
The bracket, collar and follower are preferably formed of stainless
steel, scandium or other suitable corrosion resistant, high
strength metal and can obviously also be formed of high strength
plastic or other material. The groove 28 and arch wire 30 are
preferably of such dimension as to form a close fit, but they
should, at the same time, permit some longitudinal movement of the
arch wire 30 through the groove 28. Such movement is necessary, of
course, to permit adjustment of the position of the bracket on the
arch wire as a tooth rotates under pressure applied to it through
the arch wire. Likewise, the clearance between the finger 44 and an
arch wire 30 must be such as to permit sliding movement of the
wire.
To attach the arch wire 30 to the bracket 10, the follower 38 is
mounted on the body 11 with the snap ring 46 engaged in the notches
56 so that the groove 28 is clear. The arch wire 30 is then
inserted within the groove 28 and positioned against the rear wall
of such groove and pressure then applied to the follower 38 to
cause it to move downwardly, thereby moving the finger 44 over the
arch wire 30 to hold it in position. When the shoulders 51 of the
follower 38 clear the ends of the snap ring 46, the snap ring
closes over the tops of the shoulders 51 to retain the follower in
its closed position with a strong detenting force.
To remove an arch wire, the process is reversed, that is, the
orthodontist pushes the follower to its open position with a
suitable plier-like tool if desired to move the follower 38
upwardly until the ends of the snap ring 46 engage in the notches
56. At this point the finger 44 will have cleared the groove 28 so
that the arch wire 30 can be moved sideways and out of the groove
28. While the bracket of this embodiment has been illustrated in
connection with a rectangular arch wire 30, it will be obvious that
round arch wires or bundles or two or more arch wires can be
suitably utilized.
In FIGS. 7 and 8, the auxiliary collar 80 (shown in an inverted
position) is shown with an arch wire 120 welded thereto. Also, in
FIG. 8, a tube 122 may be welded to the collar. In FIG. 9, two
auxiliary collars 80 are shown with a wire 124 passing through
tubes 122. The constructions shown are merely illustrative of the
many attachments that may be made to the auxiliary collars.
* * * * *