U.S. patent number 3,780,373 [Application Number 05/308,374] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-18 for near field spiral antenna.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Avco Corporation. Invention is credited to William R. Brobeck, Paul F. G. Holst.
United States Patent |
3,780,373 |
Holst , et al. |
December 18, 1973 |
NEAR FIELD SPIRAL ANTENNA
Abstract
A near field antenna is formed of a coil printed on an
insulating board mounted in parallel fixed spaced relationship to
its own ground plane. The coil is capacitively shunt tuned and
capacitively coupled serially to a coaxial line. A planar ferrite
sheet may be incorporated to enhance the sensitivity of the
antenna. The printed coil is provided with means for adjustably
fixing its length.
Inventors: |
Holst; Paul F. G. (Richmond,
IN), Brobeck; William R. (Richmond, IN) |
Assignee: |
Avco Corporation (Richmond,
IN)
|
Family
ID: |
23193739 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/308,374 |
Filed: |
November 21, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
343/788; 343/846;
343/895; 334/72; 343/873 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q
9/27 (20130101); H01Q 1/38 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H01Q
9/27 (20060101); H01Q 1/38 (20060101); H01Q
9/04 (20060101); H01q 001/36 () |
Field of
Search: |
;343/788,846,872,873,895 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Lieberman; Eli
Claims
We claim:
1. A near field antenna comprising:
an insulated printed circut board having at least first and second
terminals thereon;
a planar spiral conductor on said board, one end of said spiral
conductor being connected to said first terminal;
a length of additional conductor;
means for connecting selected portions of said additional conductor
between the other end of said spiral conductor and said second
terminal;
capacity shunt tuning means connected across said spiral conductor
and said additional conductor;
an output circuit;
capacity coupling means between said spiral conductor and said
output circuit; and
a metal sheet mounted under said printed circuit in parallel fixed
spaced relationship to the plane of said spiral conductor.
2. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein a plurality of taps
each are connected to a respective point along the length of said
additional conductor, one end of said additional conductor being
connected to said second terminal; and
means for connecting the other end of said spiral conductor to a
selected tap.
3. The invention as defined in claim 2 wherein said means for
connecting said other end of said spiral conductor to a selected
tap comprises a second additional conductor.
4. The invention as defined in claim 3 wherein said second
additional conductor is pivotally connected to said other end of
said spiral conductor, the other end of said additional conductor
being connectable to a selected tap.
5. The invention as defined in claim 3 wherein said means for
connecting the other end of said spiral conductor to a selected tap
comprises a bare wire electrically connected between said other end
and a selected one of said taps.
6. The invention as defined in claim 1, and an insulated
rectangular housing, said printed circuit board being seated on one
end of said housing, said metal sheet being seated on the opposing
end of said housing, whereby said planar sheet and said printed
circuit board are maintained in parallel fixed spaced
relationship.
7. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein said metal sheet is
maintained in parallel fixed spaced relationship to the plane of
said spiral conductor by means of a plurality of spacer pins, the
space between said printed circuit board and said metal sheet being
filled with an insulating potting material.
8. The invention as defined in claim 1 wherein a ferrite sheet is
positioned between said insulated printed circuit board and said
metal sheet.
9. A near field antenna comprising:
an insulated printed circuit board having at least first and second
terminals thereon;
a planar spiral conductor on said board, one end of said spiral
conductor being connected to said first terminal;
a length of additional wire conductor connected between the other
end of said spiral conductor and said second terminal;
said wire conductor being movably arranged to change the area
enclosed by the inner turn of said spiral conductor;
capacity shunt tuning means connected across said spiral conductor
and said additional conductor;
an output circuit;
capacity coupling means between said spiral conductor and said
output circuit; and
a metal sheet mounted under said printed circuit in parallel fixed
spaced relationship to the plane of said spiral conductor.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention serves to establish a transmission link using a VHF
near field. The particular utility for this invention is in the
link between a transmitting antenna mounted within the tire of a
wheel of a vehicle and a receiving antenna mounted on the vehicle
adjacent the wheel within the near field of the transmitter. The
purpose of the near field antenna is the reception of a VHF signal
from the transmitting antenna upon the occurrence of an abnormal
condition such as a low pressure or high temperature within the
tire. The receiving antenna comprises a planar coil printed on an
insulating circuit board which is mounted in parallel fixed spaced
relationship to a conducting ground plane for the antenna. The coil
is capacitively shunt tuned and capacitively coupled serially to a
coaxial line. A planar ferrite sheet may be added to enhance the
sensitivity of the antenna. The coil is provided with fine
adjustment means to permit relatively fine tuning to compensate for
the relatively coarse capacity tuning mandatory in a mass
production environment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In communications systems which establish a transmission link from
within or adjacent to an automobile or truck tire to a receiver
within the automobile or truck, a small transmitter located within
or close to the tire radiates a VHF signal indicating an abnormal
condition such as low pressure or high temperature. The transmitted
signal is coupled to a receiving antenna located adjacent the tire
in a convenient place on the body or fender of the vehicle in the
near field of the transmitter. The receiving antenna is connected
to a signal processor and receiver through a coaxial cable. Such a
system is shown in U.S. Pat. application Ser. No. 289,702, filed
Sept. 15, 1972, assigned to the same assignee as this
invention.
The relatively short distance between the transmitter and receiver
antennas places the receiver antenna within the near field of the
transmitting antenna and the problem of optimum transmission is
therefore simplified to the optimization of the coupling between
the antennas, taking into consideration the available space. As
disclosed in the aforementioned application, the transmitter may
comprise an oscillator which generates an oscillatory electrical
signal in a tuned circuit. The magnetic A. C. field generated by
the inductive component of the tuned circuit couples into the
receiving antenna and thereby effects the desired transmission. The
receiving antenna comprises a resonating coil and shunt capacitor
optimally capacitively coupled to an R. F. transmission line.
This invention provides a receiving antenna which includes a
metallic groundplace spaced a fixed distance in parallel
relationship to a planar printed circuit coil to eliminate or
minimize the effect of variations in the ground plane on which the
antenna is mounted. The printed circuit coil is inductively tunable
after manufacture to the precise frequency of the transmission. A
planar ferrite sheet may be added to enhance the sensitivity of the
antenna.
THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an antenna in accordance
with this invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a preferred antenna
construction made in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a preferred form printed circuit board
with an adjustable length antenna coil mounted thereon;
FIG. 4 is a modified printed circuit board; and
FIGS. 5 and 6 represent another form of this invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the near field receiving antenna comprises a
coil 10 tuned to the frequency of the transmitter by means of
capacitors 12 and 14 additionally coupled to a processor-amplifier
(not shown) by means of a capacitor 14 through a coaxial cable
16.
The mechanical configuration for the antenna shown in FIG. 1 is
illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 which includes an insulating printed
circuit board 18 on which all of the elements are mounted. As best
seen in FIG. 3, the antenna coil is planar and the windings are
spirally printed on the surface of the printed circuit board 18.
The coil 10 has a predetermined length to provide a given
inductance within relatively close tolerances. The coil 10 is tuned
by the lumped capacitors 12 and 14 which are the subject of much
wider tolerance variations than the coil 10. To overcome those
capacity tolerances, the inductance of the antenna coil 10 is made
adjustable. The antenna coil 10 includes a plurality of turns 20
beginning at an outer terminal 22 and ending at an inner terminal
24. The precise length of the coil is determined by the location of
a connection consisting of a shunt 26 made to any one of a
plurality of spaced parallel taps 28 all of equal length and all
connected to lead 29 which completes the coil. If the shunt 26,
which may consist of a short length of bare wire, is located
adjacent the point A, the length and therefore the inductance of
the coil 10 is at its maximum. If the shunt 26 is connected to an
intermediate point, the length of the inductor is shortened, and
its length and inductance becomes a minimum when the shunt 26 is
moved adjacent point B.
As previously noted, the coil 10 is tuned to the transmitter
frequency by means of capacitors 12 and 14 and is also coupled to
the receiver by means of capacitor 14 which in turn is connected to
the inner terminal 30 of a coaxial connector 32. The values of the
capacitor 12 and 14 are chosen to properly resonate the antenna
coil 10. However, because of the fact that the length of the coil
10 is adjustable by selecting the position of the shunt 26, the
capacitors 12 and 14 may have commercial tolerances which are
subsequently compensated for by proper selection of a tap 28 by the
shunt 26.
The connector 32 is clamped to a metal sheet 34 by means of nuts 36
which provide a ground connection for the outer connector terminal
38. The support for the printed circuit board 18 includes a
rectangular-shaped insulating housing 40, the periphery of which is
recessed at 41 so as to provide a shoulder to seat the printed
circuit board 18. The sheet 34 is positioned on the outside of the
housing 40 opposite the printed circuit board 18 thereby
establishing a ground plane in spaced relationship to the coil 10
and minimizing the effect of variations in the ground plane. It is
maintained fixed on the bottom of the housing 40 by tensioning the
lead 42 from the capacitor 14 to the inner terminal 30 of the
connector 32 as well as by means of the ground connection 44 from
the capacitor 12.
The entire assembly is provided with a cover 46 which is provided
with holes 48 and 50 through which attaching screws may be passed
to provide for convenient attachment to a vehicle.
A modification of the printed circuit board of FIG. 3 is shown in
FIG. 4. In FIG. 4 the length of the coil 10 is determined by the
position of a pivotable shunt 52 to any one of a plurality of taps
54 arcuately positioned with respect to the connector 52. The
position of shunt 52 is fixed by soldering.
The embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 differs from that of FIG. 2 in the
means for housing and spacing the components. As seen in FIG. 5,
the sheet 34 is positioned in fixed spaced parallel relationship to
the printed circuit board 18 by means of spacer pins 56, thereby
establishing a ground plane for coil 10. Instead of using the
housing 46, the coil 10 is coated with a layer of insulating
plastic 58 and the entire volume between the sheet 34 and the
printed circuit board 18 is filled with a potting material 60 to
provide a rigid and moistureproof enclosing means for the
assembly.
In addition, the embodiment of FIGS. 5 and 6 is provided with an
inductance adjustment by making the last turn 62 of the coil 10 a
solid wire. The inductance can be reduced before coating by
flipping the turn 180.degree. on the imaginary axis 64.
The sensitivity of the antenna may be increased by addition of a
planar ferrite sheet 66 inserted between the printed circuit board
18 and the ground plane 34. The ferrite sheet serves to increase
the coupling to a transmitting coil located on the other side of
the printed circuit board.
Various modifications and adaptations of this invention will be
apparent to persons skilled in the art. For example, while there
are shown ordinary circuit capacitors 12 and 14, it is within the
scope of this invention to provide such capacitors by means of
printed circuit techniques. Furthermore, while only an antenna
circuit is mounted on the circuit board, it is apparent that for
other applications it may be appropriate to mount all or at least
some of the signal processing circuitry on the antenna circuit
board along with the antenna.
* * * * *