U.S. patent number 3,779,847 [Application Number 05/209,604] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-18 for process of assembling fabric and plastic to form a building structure which may be inflated and chemically rigidized.
Invention is credited to Arthur A. Turner.
United States Patent |
3,779,847 |
Turner |
December 18, 1973 |
PROCESS OF ASSEMBLING FABRIC AND PLASTIC TO FORM A BUILDING
STRUCTURE WHICH MAY BE INFLATED AND CHEMICALLY RIGIDIZED
Abstract
A compacted assembly of folded fiberglass fabric secured in a
multiple pleated truss formation sewed between flat sheets of like
material for inflation forming a building of predetermined volume.
The interstices in the fabric contain uniform distribution of
uncured plastic resin. The assembly is covered with sheet plastic
secured thereto for inflation. Following inflation of the voids
within the assembly, the uncured resin is responsive to the
introduction of a curing agent to all inner surfaces for curing the
resin into a solid, resulting in a rigid high-strength
self-supporting building or housing resistant to external stresses
in any direction.
Inventors: |
Turner; Arthur A. (Miami,
FL) |
Family
ID: |
22779462 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/209,604 |
Filed: |
December 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
156/156; 156/197;
52/2.15; 156/285; 156/305 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H
15/20 (20130101); E04H 2015/206 (20130101); E04H
2015/205 (20130101); Y10T 156/1003 (20150115) |
Current International
Class: |
E04H
15/20 (20060101); E04b 001/345 () |
Field of
Search: |
;52/2,63,618
;156/156,197,227,285,305 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Abbott; Frank L.
Assistant Examiner: Raduazo; H. E.
Claims
Having described my invention, I claim:
1. A process for fabricating an inflatable building of
predetermined dimensions and uniform cross section adapted for
mounting on the surface of a substantially horizontal planar base
and having a first step of impregnating a quantity of predetermined
woven sheet fabric with a partially cured non-viscous plastic
material,
and a second step of forming a first portion of said impregnated
fabric of predetermined length and width into a plurality of V
shaped parallel pleats and forming a predetermined outer angle
between the outer apexes of said pleats and a predetermined smaller
inner angle between the inner apexes of said pleats for providing a
curved multiple truss member of substantially uniform cross
section,
and a third step of forming a second portion of said impregnated
fabric of said length over each outer side of said truss member and
securing same along the said outer apexes thereof for providing an
outer stress member and forming a third portion of said impregnated
fabric of said length over each said inner side of said truss
member and securing same along the said inner apexes thereof for
providing an inner stress member including a marginal extension of
each opposite side of said second and third sheet portions of
predetermined width extending from each of the lowermost opposite
said apexes for completing a truss assembly by forming each said
marginal extension in a substantially co-planar base relation along
each opposite base end of said truss member,
and a fourth step consisting of placing a portion of flexible
thermo-plastic sheet as a spaced outer cover over the outer surface
of said outer stress member and securing same adjacent each of said
outer apexes by well known means with an opposite lower side margin
thereof parallel each of said apexes and folded inward over each
said base end of said truss member respectively,
and a fifth step of placing a second portion of said thermoplastic
sheet as a spaced cover over the inner surface of said inner stress
members and securing same thereto adjacent each of said inner
apexes by well known means with the opposite marginal sides thereof
parallel said apexes and over said opposite base ends and
overlapping each said marginal end portions of said outer cover and
sealed thereto by adhesive means,
and a sixth step of hermetically securing a third and a fourth
portion of said thermo-plastic sheet over each opposite open end of
said truss assembly respectively by securing same with adhesive
means to marginal opposite end portions of said first and second
portions of said thermo-plastic inner and outer sheets for forming
a hermetically sealed enclosure over said truss assembly,
and a seventh step of sealing at least one inflation valve means
through said enclosure whereby the connection of said valve means
to a source of pressurized air containing a gas catalyst for curing
said uncured resin will inflate said enclosure and form said
building of said predetermined dimensions and simultaneously cure
said uncured plastic resin to a final solid and rigidize said truss
member and said outer and inner stress members to form a
non-compactable stress-resistant building having open ends.
2. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said fabric is relatively
coarse woven from fiberglass yarn with particulate resin
impregnated therein for final curing by a gas catalyst diffused
into and through the interstices of said fabric.
3. The process recited in claim 1 wherein said fabric is a coarse
weave of fiberglass spun rovings provided with an impregnation of
uncured particulate resin and foraminated therethrough for the
passage of gas to cure said resin by the diffusion of a gas
catalyst in said rovings and providing for said gas to cure uncured
resin in other fabric within said enclosure.
4. The process recited in claim 1 wherein the three said sheet
fabric members in said truss assembly are formed from a pair of
laminated fiberglass sheets with said uncured resin distributed
therebetween with said laminated sheet having a plurality of spaced
holes therethrough for the dispersion of a gas catalyst therein and
therethrough for curing said sandwiched resin and other uncured
resin in adjacent fiberglass members.
5. The process recited in claim 1 wherein each said flexible
thermo-plastic sheet is made from polyethylene material of
predetermined thickness and secured adjacent said apex by
compatible adhesive means.
6. The process recited in claim 1 wherein each said flexible
thermo-plastic sheet is made from a vinyl copolymer thermo-plastic
sheet of predetermined thickness and secured adjacent said apexes
by a compatible adhesive means.
7. The process recited in claim 1 used to produce an elongated
inverted U shaped building having an outward curved roof portion
and outward curved side portions for mounting on the surface of a
substantially planar base,
said truss assembly including longitudinal pleats with inner and
outer angles from the apexes of the said roof and said inner and
all truss members corresponding to the outward curvature of said
roof and said side portions including appropriate different angles
of the pleats at each opposite side portion junction with said roof
portion,
the entire said truss assembly covered and hermetically sealed with
thermo-plastic sheet material and secured to the inner and outer
apexes of all said pleats and extending over the opposite base ends
of said assembly and including means for the introduction of
catalyst gas within the voids within the said thermoplastic
covering for curing the un-cured resin in all fiberglass members.
Description
This invention relates in general to portable quick-erect building
structures and more particularly a unitary preassembled durable
fabric structure of light weight, which is first inflated and then
chemically rigidized.
Prior portable structures required complicated assembly of heavy
materials requiring expensive transport and assembly and consumed
considerable erection time as well as rapid deterioration.
The present invention overcomes the above objections and
disadvantages by the provision of an uncured resin impregnated
fiberglass or other fabric structure pre-fabricated by sewing or
adhesive bonding and both compact and light for transport. The
erection is exceedingly fast since the entire structure is inflated
to assume its normal building size by simple compressed air means
followed by or including the injection of a vapor curing agent
which cures the impregnated particulate resin into a solid between
all of the yarn or rovings and junctions thereof with the
interstices of the fabric sufficiently open for the continued
passage of the curving vapor.
Another object of the invention is the provision of a building
structure having longitudinal resin impregnated fabric pleats or
truss members sandwiched between two layers of fiberglass resin
impregnated sheet fabric with one type thereof in semi-cylindrical
shape.
Another object of the invention is the enclosure of the entire
fiberglass truss structure into intimate contact with a cover of
sheet plastic material forming a hermetic enclosure for air and
resin curing gas inflation to transform the complicated assembly
into its final shape.
A further object of the invention provides for the introduction of
one of several well known gas catalysts within the pleated truss
members and their respective cover sheets for converting the
uncured resin impregnation into solid cured material for rigidizing
all fiberglass members.
These and other objects and advantages in two embodiments of the
invention are described and shown in the following specification
and drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view in reduced scale of an inflated
semi-cylindrical building structure including inflation and
chemical treatment apparatus attached.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view in reduced scale of the structure
shown in FIG. 1 folded on a pallet for shipping prior to
inflation.
FIG. 3 is enlarged fragmentary cross sectional view taken through
section line 3--3, FIG. 1, showing the fabric stress members and
the external plastic covers.
FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged cross sectional view, taken through
section line 4--4, FIG. 1, following inflation thereof and resting
on a foundation.
FIG. 5 is a further enlarged fragmentary view of the fabric stress
members and inner and outer plastic covers following inflation.
FIG. 6 is fragmentary cross sectional view taken through section
line 6--6, FIG. 1.
FIG. 7 illustrates the stress members after the plastic rigidizing
and the deflation of the structure.
FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a modified rectangular structure
including the inflation and chemical treatment apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a partially enlarged cross sectional view taken through
section line 9--9, FIG. 1, resting on a foundation and including a
wall closure in one open end thereof.
FIG. 10 is a side elevation of the structure shown in FIG. 8
showing the rigidized end wall thereof.
FIG 11 is a fragmentary perspective view of the stress members and
the inner and outer plastic covers with the angular stress members
having a uniform distribution of holes therein for the passage of
activated catalyst vapor for rigidizing resin carried by the fabric
members.
FIG. 1 illustrates on embodiment in the form of a quonset type
structure 1, made from fiberglass fabric, rovings, or mats, which
are rigidized by a diffused uncured resin treatment and including a
sheet plastic inside and outside cover for the purpose of inflation
and weatherproofing.
FIG. 2 shows the structure shown in FIG. 1 prior to erection and in
compacted form resting on a pallet 2 for transport.
FIG. 3 illustrates the longitudinal planar pleated truss members 3
which are secured in their final truss position between the planar
inner fiberglass sheet 4 and the planar outer fiberglass sheet 5,
forming a plurality of parallel truss members firmly secured
between flat bodies of cyindrical shape. FIG. 3 also illustrates a
plasticized sheet plastic inner enclosure 6 covering the entire
inner side of the structure and the larger plasticized plastic
outer enclosure 7 and 7e covering the entire outer surface thereof
including the coplanar parallel spaced base ends of the structure.
The figure also shows a typical valve connection 8 entering the
outer enclosure 7 for inflation purposes, to be hereinafter
described.
FIG. 4 illustrates a slightly enlarged cross sectional view taken
through section line 4--4, FIG. 1, showing the structure mounted on
a concrete base 9 by one of many well known means, not shown, and
also illustrating the smaller inner side angle 10 with respect to
the outer angle 11 between adjacent pleated stress members 3
forming the semi-cylindrical cross sectional shape.
The fragmentary view, FIG. 5, shows the multiple pleated fiberglass
truss members 3 with the radius of each fold of the pleats 3r in a
sewed or adhesive bonded ridge junction with the inner fiberglass
sheet 4, and the outer fiberglass sheet 5. The inner enclosure 6
also has radiused junctions 6r on the outside of the fiberglass
sheet 4 opposite the junction 3r. The outer enclosure 7 has a
radiused ridge junction 7r on the opposite side of the outer
fiberglass sheet 5 cemented by adhesive means adjacent the
junctions 3r. The front and rear ends of the enclosure are
hermetically sealed closed by semi-circular plastic sheet end
members 7e, by adhesive means, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring to FIG. 8, an approximately rectangular form 12 of
building construction is shown which utilizes the same general
features as applied to the structure shown in FIG. 1, except,
referring to FIG. 9, the roof section 13 and the wall sections 14 R
and L form a junction with the roof using a similar pleated truss
system with different angles adjacent to the pleated truss members
3R. This structure again is positioned on a planar concrete base 15
and secured thereon by well known means, not shown, and includes an
end wall 16 having a side view shown in FIG. 10, the curvature of
which provides added stress resistance.
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 8, a source of high pressure catalyst gas
on air 17 is connected by conduit 19 to another type of catalyst or
curing agent container 18, which in turn is carried by conduit 20
to valve connection 8 for distribution into the voids between the
inner and outer plastic enclosures 6 and 7. Thus it is to be seen
that with air only the entire inner void may be inflated to check
for construction errors or leaks, but without providing stress
resistance until the resultant curing of the impregnated resin.
It is apparent that a number of valve connections 8 may be
positioned in spaced relation along both sides of the building to
provide for faster and better distribution of the curing
process.
Referring to FIG. 11 and to provide for a rapid and thorough
distribution of any catalyst or curing agent used, a plurality of
equi-spaced holes 21 are provided through the said truss members as
shown and through inner and outer sheets if required, to permit the
transverse passage of air and/or catalyst or other curing agents
particularly when close weave or two ply fiberglass fabric is used.
The holes 21, shown in FIG. 11, may also be applied to members 4
and 5 in the construction of the building shown in cross section in
FIG. 4.
In operation and under the assumption that the pleated truss
members 3--3 and the inner and outer fiberglass sheets 4 and 5
contain uniformly dispersed particulate or semi-cured resin of the
polyester or epoxy powder type, such as retention between the weave
or layer type of fiberglass truss members 3 and sheets 4 and 5, and
under the assumption that the device is inflated with a catalyst
gas for curing the polyester or epoxy resin introduced to the void
between the plastic enclosures 6 and 7, then by well known chemical
action the powdered or semi-cured resin will liquify and permeate
the fiberglass fabric of the members 3 and sheets 4 and 5 and upon
the resulting curing to a solid all the sheet members except the
cover members 6, 7, and 7e will develop high rigidity and thus the
multi-truss building structure will be self supporting and able to
resist stress forces of high magnitude in all directions.
The preparation of the building or housing begins with the
impregnation of an uncured plastic resin, such as a polyester or
resin, into a fabric member of desired length and standard loom
width. This fabric member is formed into a number of longitudinal
pleats and joined by sewing or other bonding means to another like
width of impregnated fabric and likewise pleated, which procedure
is continued until a predetermined rectangle of desired width and
predetermined outer angle between each pair of pleats is
completed.
A further step is the preparation of an outer planar sheet of
uncured resin-impregnated fabric which has the same length and a
width as the total dimensions of the pleated members including the
half pleat ends which represents the outside periphery of the
building or housing. This outer sheet is secured along the outer
apex of each pair of pleats and the opposite half pleats by sewing
or other bonding means, which maintains a predetermined angle
between each outer apex of the pleats.
A further step is the preparation of an inner planar sheet of resin
impregnated fabric, which has the same length as above and a width
representing the inside periphery of the building or housing. This
sheet is secured along the inside apex of each pair of pleats and
the two opposite half ends by sewing or other bonding means forming
a predetermined smaller angle between the inside apex of the
pleats.
The above resin impregnated structure is completely encased in a
water and weather resistant plastic enclosure 6 and 7 formed from
one of several flexible sheet plastic materials, such as
plasticized polyethylene, and having a lapped junction along
opposite coplanar base ends and secured by a compatible adhesive,
as illustrated in FIG. 3, as well as an arcuate front and rear edge
enclosure 7E secured to enlosures 6 and 7 by adhesive means, which
enclosure is secured by sealed stitching or compatible adhesive
bonding against the enclosures 6 and 7 at each apex of the stress
members 3, as illustrated in FIG. 5. It is now apparent that the
stress members 3--3 and sheets 4 and 5 are hermetically sealed
within the plastic enclosure and subject to inflation.
Thus it is apparent that prior to the curing process and when
non-inflated, the entire structure may be folded and formed into a
compact relatively light unit for economical rapid transport, as
illustrated in FIG. 2.
It is to be noted, as shown in FIG. 11, that when rapid curing is
desirable that the pleated truss members 3 as well as sheets 4 and
5 may also include holes 21 to provide for the free passage
dispersion of the catalyst or curing agent, under pressure.
The structure shown in FIG. 1 may be inflated with a mixture of
compressed air and a catalyst for curing the resin, or by a curing
vapor alone through the use of simplified illustrations of air and
curing gas assemblies 17 and 18. When the structure is fully
inflated, as shown, the catalyst will cure the uncured resin
trapped in the members 3--3 and 4--5 into forming a rigid
multi-truss assembly into a semi-cylindrical housing. It is
apparent that when the inflation pressure is eliminated, the outer
portions of the enclosure 7 will deflate, as illustrated in FIG. 7
as the catalyst gas becomes part of the chemically cured resin.
It is apparent that well known materials and methods may be used to
provide partitions and closures including doors or windows for the
opposite ends of the structure by fitting them within the confines
of the inner periphery of the structure.
It is also to be noted that openings may be made in the sides of
the structure in which concrete or other loading material may be
introduced to fill the lower portions of the void between the
members 3--3 and sheets 4 and 5 to provide stabilizing means for
locating the housing for permanent use, or the use of insulation to
aid control of weather conditions.
FIG. 8 illustrates a modified form of the building or housing in
which one end closure is provided by the same generic structure as
previously described. The modified rectangular cross section, as
shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, is constructed generally in the same manner
as that previously described, except the pleated stress members 3R
are revised to provide a roof-like structure supported by near
vertical walls which may be covered by a hermetically sealed
revised plastic enclosure 14R. This version illustrates in FIGS. 9
and 10 an enclosure for one end of the building in which pleated
members 3W--3W, 4W-5W form the structural members of the end wall
16, which include an extension of the closure members 14 L and 14R,
shown in FIG. 9, for completing the hermetic seal around all of the
resin impregnated elements.
It is now apparent that buildings of many shapes, such as L or T
shape fall within the province of the above described structures,
which are light and compact for shipping and yet exhibit great
strength upon simple erection.
Although many different fabrics can be used, the weather resistance
of fiberglass fabric, formed of relatively coarse weave, is desired
for the relatively equal dispensing of catalyst gas therethrough.
Furthermore, it is a relatively simple matter from a production
viewpoint to laminate uncured non-viscous polyester or epoxy
between layers of fiberglass sheets and obtain excellent dispersion
through the foraminated mesh of the material to provide a weather
resistant high tensile and compressive strength material for the
use outlined above. Under certain conditions, pressurized catalyst
gas may be injected directly under pressure into the voids without
the use of a separate source of compressed air.
It is to be understood that certain other modifications in the
construction are intended to come within the teachings and scope of
the above specification.
* * * * *