U.S. patent number 3,778,063 [Application Number 05/234,284] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-11 for tick-tack-toe-like light game with color changeable squares.
Invention is credited to Jack W. Strand.
United States Patent |
3,778,063 |
Strand |
December 11, 1973 |
TICK-TACK-TOE-LIKE LIGHT GAME WITH COLOR CHANGEABLE SQUARES
Abstract
There is disclosed an apparatus which may be used to demonstrate
the effect of adding and subtracting colors and which may also be
used as a tick-tack-toe-like game. The apparatus comprises a frame
member having opaque sides, an open top portion and a light source
located within the frame member. At least two identical layers are
positioned in vertically spaced relation to each other within the
frame and above the light source. The layers each comprise a
plurality of relatively movable light transmitting elements which
have preselected colors. In order to see the effect of changing
colors, one need only replace one of the light transmitting
elements within the frame with an additional light transmitting
element of a different color. In the preferred embodiment, the
apparatus makes use of the principle of subtractive color mixing.
Each of the individual movable elements is colored in one of the
three pigment primary colors; cyan, yellow and magenta. When two
primary colors are combined, a secondary color appears; namely,
green, blue and red.
Inventors: |
Strand; Jack W. (River Forest,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
22880724 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/234,284 |
Filed: |
March 13, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
273/237;
273/157A; 273/241; 273/271; 273/282.1; 434/102 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G09B
19/0023 (20130101); A63F 9/0613 (20130101); A63F
3/00094 (20130101); A63F 2009/0608 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A63F
9/06 (20060101); A63F 3/00 (20060101); G09B
19/00 (20060101); A63f 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;273/13AB,13AC,13B,131A,131AB,131D,134A,135A,136A,156,157A
;272/8R,8D ;35/27,28.3,75 ;40/132D,132E
;356/173,174,186,190,256 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Oechsle; Anton O.
Assistant Examiner: Stouffer; R. T.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A three-dimensional tick-tack-toe-like game apparatus
comprising:
a square frame member having four sides and an open top
portion;
located within said frame member;
a first track means connected to said frame member wherein said
first track means is parallel to one pair of said sides and wherein
said first track means forms a first preselected number of
columns;
a second track means connected to said frame member wherein said
second track means is vertically spaced from said first track means
and wherein said second track means forms a second preselected
number of columns;
a first preselected number of light transmitting elements having
preselected colors slidably mounted within each of said columns of
said first track means wherein said elements form a first layer
having said first preselected number of columns and a first
preselected number of rows, said first preselected number of rows
being determined by the number of elements in one of said columns
whereby said first layer comprises a preselected number of squares
having a preselected color pattern;
a second preselected number of light transmitting elements having
preselected colors slidably mounted within each of said columns of
said second track means wherein said elements form a second layer
having said second number of preselected columns and a second
preselected number of rows, said second number of rows being
determined by the number of elements in one of said comumns whereby
said second layer comprises a preselected number of squares having
a preselected color pattern;
a light source located within said frame member and adjacent to
said second layer of elements which illuminates said first layer of
elements through said second layer of elements; and
additional light transmitting elements having preselected colors
wherein said additional elements are adapted to slidably replace
any one of the outer elements in any row or column of said first
layer and said second layer thereby changing the color of one of
said squares when viewed through said open top portion.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first layer and said
second layer comprise an equal number of squares.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said layers each comprise nine
squares arranged in three rows and three columns.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 wherein each of said elements in any
row and in any column of one of said layers are of a different
preselected color.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said elements in said second
layer each comprise the identical color to the element directly
beneath it in said first layer.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said preselected colors
comprise magenta, yellow and cyan.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said additional elements are
selected from the color group consisting of magenta, yellow and
cyan.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said elements in said first
layer are slidable only in a first direction and said elements in
said second layer are slidable only in a second direction
perpendicular to said first direction.
9. A three-dimensional tick-tack-toe-like game apparatus
comprising:
at least two identical layers positioned in vertically spaced
relation to each other to form a group of layers wherein a first
layer lies in a first plane and a second layer lies in a second
plane;
said layers each including nine relatively movable light
transmitting elements of preselected colors arranged to form three
columns and three rows of squares wherein each of said elements is
movable within said respective plane;
a light source adjacent to said first layer and exterior to said
group of layers which illuminates said second layer through said
first layer; and
additional elements having said preselected colors, said elements
being adapted to replace one of said nine elements in one of said
layers, thereby possibly changing the effective color of one of
said squares when viewed from a position adjacent to said second
plane and exterior from said group.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 wherein said preselected colors of
said elements in each of said rows comprise magenta, yellow and
cyan.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said additional elements are
selected from the color group consisting of magenta, yellow and
cyan.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein said elements in said first
layer are relatively movable only in a first direction and said
elements in said second layer are only movable in a second
direction.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an apparatus for demonstrating
certain additive and subtractive color phenomenon. The apparatus
may further be used as a tick-tack-toe-like game.
Artists concerned with the development of devices for demonstrating
the interaction of several colors have long recognized the need for
an apparatus which may be constructed to readily demonstrate
subtractive color mixing. When light reaching the eye has been
modified by interaction with matter; i.e., light reflected by a
surface or light transmitted by a filter, or color transparent
element, the subtractive color mixing process is involved. When
light has been subjected to more than one interaction with matter
before reaching the eye, as, for example, light passing through two
or more transparent colored elements, we may speak of such light as
a subtractive color mixture.
Heretofore, color demonstration devices were generally complex in
structure and relatively expensive to manufacture. Furthermore,
such devices could not be used for anything other than
demonstrating color mixture. The device of the present invention is
extremely simple and inexpensive to manufacture and is suitable for
use either as a color mixing apparatus or as a tick-tack-toe-like
game.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The general purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus
suitable for demonstrating the principle of subtractive color
mixing and is further applicable to be used as a tick-tack-toe-like
game. To attain this, the present invention contemplates providing
a frame member having opaque sides, an open top portion and a light
source located within the frame member. A plurality of individually
movable light transmitting elements are arranged to form a first
light transmitting layer which is spaced above the light source and
connected to the frame member and a second light transmitting layer
spaced above the first light transmitting layer and also connected
to the frame member. Each of the individually movable light
transmitting elements are dyed to a preselected color. In the
preferred embodiment, three colors are used; namely, the three
pigment primary colors; cyan, yellow and magenta. When the
apparatus is viewed from the top, the second layer will appear to
be of different colors, depending upon the color of both the first
layer and second layer. To change the colors, it is only necessary
to change one of the light transmitting elements in either the
first layer or the second layer.
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an
apparatus for demonstrating the principle of subtractive color
mixing.
Another object is to provide an apparatus which may be used either
to demonstrate the principle of subtractive color mixing or may be
used as a tick-tack-toe-like game.
A further object is the provision of a three-dimensional
tick-tack-toe-like game using the principle of subtractive color
mixing.
Still another object is to provide a tick-tack-toe-like game which
is relatively inexpensive to manufacture and which is aesthetically
pleasing.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages of this
invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better
understood by reference to the following detailed description when
considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the invention shown in
FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the lines 4--4 of FIG.
3.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of one of the elements shown in FIGS. 1,
2 and 3.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the
invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic view of a color pattern used in the
tick-tack-toe-like game.
FIGS. 8-10 are diagrammatic views demonstrating the scoring of the
tick-tack-toe-like game.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings wherein like reference characters
designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views,
there is shown in FIG. 1, which illustrates a preferred embodiment
of the invention, an apparatus 10 which is suitable for
demonstrating the mixing of colors and which may also be used as a
tick-tack-toe-like game. The apparatus 10 comprises a frame member
12 having opaque sides 14. The frame member 12 in the preferred
embodiment is quadrilateral and more particularly, is square.
However, the actual shape of the frame may be modified and need not
be quadrilateral nor square.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-4, it can be seen that the frame member 12
includes a base member 16 and an open top portion 18. A light
transmitting surface 20 is superposed on top of the frame member 12
so that the entire open top portion 18 is covered. Located within
the frame member 12 is a light source 22. The light source 22 may
comprise a single bulb or light, such as fluorescent light, or a
plurality of bulbs or lights. The light source is connected to a
conventional power supply and a conventional switch by the wires
24. However, it will be recognized that the light source 22 may
also be energized through the use of a self-contained DC power
source such as a battery and if this were done, the battery may be
located within the frame member 12 and the wire 24 could be
eliminated. A conventional on/off switch would then be provided
either on or adjacent to the frame member 12.
The light transmitting surface 20 comprises a plurality of light
transmitting layers 26 and 28. In the preferred embodiment, two
such layers are shown; however, it will be recognized that any
number of layers may be utilized. Each of the light transmitting
layers 26 and 28 comprise a track means 30 which is connected to
the opaque sides 14 of the frame member 12. The track means 30 is
adapted to enable a plurality of light transmitting elements 32 to
be mounted thereon. The track means 30 is so arranged as to form a
plurality of columns of the light transmitting elements 32. In the
preferred embodiment, three columns of light transmitting elements
32 are utilized. However, any number of columns may be used without
departing from the spirit of the invention. As can clearly be seen
in FIGS. 1 through 3, the light transmitting elements 32 form the
light transmitting layers 26 and 28 and they completely cover the
open top portion 18 of the frame member 12.
The track means 30 may comprise an open frame or it may
alternatively comprise a clear plastic grid over the entire open
top portion 18 and having upstanding members which function as
guide tracks for the light transmitting elements 32. The light
transmitting elements 32 may be manufactured from any transparent
material such as plastic. The tiles may then be dyed in a
conventional manner. The colors may be arranged on the tile in such
a maner as to form a design or geometric pattern as shown in FIG.
6. As will be explained below, the colors used in the design may be
changed through the principle of subtractive color mixing. However,
for the sake of clarity and conciseness, the invention will be
described in terms of light transmitting elements having a single
color thereon such as shown in FIG. 5. More particularly, the light
transmitting elements 32 will be dyed with one of the three pigment
primary colors; cyan (blue-green), yellow and magenta
(blue-red).
It is a well known principle that when two pigment primary colors
are combined, a secondary color appears. For example, cyan plus
yellow will product green; cyan plus magenta will produce blue, and
yellow plus magenta will produce red. This principle is known as
subtractive color mixing and may be demonstrated through the use of
the apparatus 10. To accomplish this, a plurality of light
transmitting elements 32 are arranged on the track 30 of the light
transmitting layers 26 and 28. The light transmitting elements 32
are arranged in a preselected color pattern. For example, as shown
in FIG. 7, three magenta light transmitting elements 32m may be
placed along one diagonal of each of the light transmitting layers
26 and 28. Simiarly, three cyan light transmitting elements 32c may
be placed in the position shown in FIG. 7 while three yellow light
transmitting elements 32y may be used in the remaining positions
which are open in the light transmitting layers 26 and 28. It is
desirable to insure that the colors of the light transmitting
elements 32 are in identical positions in both the light
transmitting layer 26 and the light transmitting layer 28 and,
thus, when viewed from above, the colors magenta, yellow and cyan
will appear in the respective places shown in FIG. 7.
To demonstrate the principle of subtractive color mixing, one need
only replace one of the light transmitting elements 32 which are
present in the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with an additional light
transmitting element of another color. This substitution of light
transmitting elements may occur in either of the two light
transmitting layers 26 or 28. For example, one of the magenta light
transmitting elements 32m located in the light transmitting layer
26 may be replaced with a yellow light transmitting element 32y.
Since magenta and yellow produce red, this square would then appear
to be red when viewed from the top. The same result would occur if
the magenta light transmitting element were replaced in the light
transmitting layer 28 rather than in the light transmitting layer
26. Thus, it can be seen, merely by substituting light transmitting
elements throughout the several layers, different colors may be
produced and may be viewed from the top of the apparatus 10.
Using the apparatus 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a tick-tack-toe game
may be produced. To use the apparatus 10 as a game, it is desirable
to arrange the light transmitting layers 26 and 28 in such a manner
that their tracks 32 are perpendicular to each other. It is further
desirable, to provide that the light transmitting elements 32 are
slidable in one direction only. For example, referring to FIG. 2,
the light transmitting elements 32 in the light transmitting layer
26 may be made to slide to the right while the light transmitting
elements 32 in the light transmitting layer 28 may be made to slide
towards the reader.
To play the game of three-dimensional tick-tack-toe, and the light
transmitting elements in each of the layers 26 and 28 are arranged
as shown in FIG. 7. While FIG. 7 shows a design having three
columns and three rows, it will be recognized that this may be
increased to any number of columns and any number of rows; however,
it would be desirable to have an equal number of columns and an
equal number of rows. Furthermore, while the game is being
described using two light transmitting layers 26 and 28, any number
of layers may be utilized, thereby increasing the difficulty and
complexity of play of the game and increasing the interest. After
the light transmitting elements 32 are arranged as shown in FIG. 7,
the source of light 22 may then be energized, thereby illuminating
all of the light transmitting elements 32. Since the light
transmitting elements 32 which are in the light transmitting layer
28 are identical in color to the respective light transmitting
elements 32 directly below in the light transmitting layer 26, the
same color appears when viewed from the top. However, if the
elements in the upper light transmitting layer 28 differed from the
color in the light transmitting element 32 in the lower light
transmitting layer 26, mixing would occur and a third color would
be formed. In other words, if a yellow element 32y is above a cyan
element 32c, the color green would appear in the space occupied by
these elements.
To play the game, each player receives three additional light
transmitting elements, one of each of the colors magenta, cyan and
yellow. Each player then selects one of the secondary colors of
blue, green or red as his color and the object of the game is to
set up a row of three spaces in the elected secondary color. This
row may be horizontal, vertical or diagonal. The establishment of a
row would score one point. For example, if the player were to
choose the secondary color blue, one point would be scored if the
elements in light transmitting layers 26 and 28 could be arranged
to produce blue as shown in FIG. 8. If the player were to choose
green as his color, two points would be scored if he produced the
color shown in FIG. 9 while if a player were to choose red, three
points would be scored if he could produce a color shown in FIG.
10.
The sequence of play may proceed in a clockwise or counterclockwise
direction. Each player inserts one of his additional light
transmitting elements in one of the three tracks of the upper light
transmitting layer 28 or the lower light transmitting layer 26.
Inserting the additional light transmitting elements 32 will force
a light transmitting element 32 out of the opposite end as shown in
FIG. 2, thereby enabling a player to always have three additional
light transmitting elements in his possession. If, after inserting
the additional light transmitting element, a row of a secondary
color is formed, the point is scored for the player having that
secondary color as explained above. For example, if the green
player is inserting the light transmitting element 32 and a row of
three red spaces are formed, one point is awarded to the player who
has chosen red as his color. In addition, the player who has chosen
red then follows the green player, he may insert his tile so that
he leaves the red row intact. After his move, the red row is again
scored as well as any additional rows which may have been formed.
The first player to score a preselected number of points would win
the game.
Obviously, many modifications may be made in the sequence of play
of the game and furthermore, other colors may be utilized rather
than the primary colors. Obviously, many modifications and
variations of the present invention are possible in light of the
above teachings and it should be understood that the foregoing
disclosure relates to only a preferred embodiment of the invention
and that numerous modifications or alterations may be made therein
without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as
set forth in the appended claims.
* * * * *