U.S. patent number 3,777,936 [Application Number 05/274,399] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-11 for safety dispensing closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polytop Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Hazard.
United States Patent |
3,777,936 |
Hazard |
December 11, 1973 |
SAFETY DISPENSING CLOSURE
Abstract
A dispensing closure having a linearly movable closure member
mounted on a closure body so as to be capable of being moved
between open and closed positions can be constructed as a safety
closure by forming the closure member and the closure body so that
in the closed position the closure member can be rotated in order
to place interengaging means or parts on the closure member and the
closure body into engagement with one another so that the closure
member is held in a secured position in which it cannot be linearly
moved with respect to the closure body. The closure member is
preferably mounted within a cavity in the closure body and the
interengaging means are preferably located generally within the
area of this cavity so as not to be visible or accessible from the
exterior of the closure when the closure is in a closed
position.
Inventors: |
Hazard; Robert E. (North
Kingstown, RI) |
Assignee: |
Polytop Corporation
(Slatersville, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
23048017 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/274,399 |
Filed: |
July 24, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/48;
222/153.14; 222/525; 222/515 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
47/247 (20130101); B65D 55/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
47/04 (20060101); B65D 47/24 (20060101); B65D
55/02 (20060101); B65d 047/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/153,515,521,524,525,48 ;215/9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,161,323 |
|
Aug 1969 |
|
GB |
|
209,483 |
|
Apr 1940 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Handren; Frederick R.
Claims
I claim:
1. In a dispensing closure having a closure body adapted to be
secured to a container so as to be incapable of being removed from
said container during the normal use of said closure and having a
closure member movably mounted on said closure body so as to be
incapable of being removed from said closure body during the normal
use of said closure, said closure member being capable of being
moved linearly relative to said closure body between a closed
position in which an opening in said closure body is covered by
said closure member and an open position in which said opening is
uncovered so that material is capable of being moved through said
opening and said closure member in which the improvement
comprises:
interengaging means upon said closure member and said closure body
for securing said closure member against direct movement from said
closed position to said open position during engagement of said
interengaging means, said interengaging closure means comprising at
least one projection on one of said closure parts and a groove
having at least one notch leading from its interior on the other of
said closure parts, said projection being capable of fitting within
said notch and said groove in bringing said interengaging means
into and out of engagement with one another,
said closure member being capable of being rotated when in said
closed position in order to position said interengaging means
relative to one another so that said interengaging means are
engaged to secure said closure member against direct movement from
said closed position to said open position and in order to position
said interengaging means so that said closure member may be moved
from said closed position to said open position
at least one enlargement in said groove, said projection on said
one of said closure parts being capable of fitting in said
enlargement so as to prevent movement serving to disengage said
interengaging means and spring means biasing said closure parts so
as to hold said projection in said enlargement,
said enlargement and said spring means serving as a co-acting latch
means for preventing separation of said interengaging means except
when said closure member is moved in still another manner than the
manner in which it must be moved to disengage said interengaging
means and the manner necessary to move said closure member from
said closed position to said open position.
2. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 including:
indicia means for indicating that said closure member cannot be
moved directly from said closed position to said open position
located on said closure member and said closure body.
3. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 including:
detent means for limiting movement of said closure member between a
position in which it can be moved from said closed position to said
open position and a secured position in which it cannot be directly
moved from said closed position to said open position.
4. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said closure member is slidably mounted in a cavity in said closure
body so as to be capable of being moved linearly between said open
and said closed positions,
said interengaging means are located so as to both be within the
interior of said cavity when said closure member is in said closed
position.
5. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
there are two of said projections and of said notches located so
that each of said projections must be aligned with one of said
notches in movement of said closure member between said open and
said closed positions.
6. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said spring means is a resilient, cylindrical flange located within
said closure body so as to resiliently engage said closure member
when said closure member is in closed position.
7. A dispensing closure as claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said closure member is slidably mounted in a cavity in said closure
body so as to be capable of being moved linearly between said open
and said closed positions,
said interengaging means are located so as to both be within the
interior of said cavity when said closure member is in said closed
position,
there are two of said projections and of said notches located so
that each of said projections must be aligned with one of said
notches in movement of said closure member between said open and
said closed positions,
said spring means is a resilient, cylindrical flange located within
said closure body so as to resiliently engage said closure member
when said closure member in in closed position,
and including,
indicia means for indicating that said closure member cannot be
moved directly from said closed position to said open position
located on said closure member and said closure body,
detent means for limiting movement of said closure member between a
position in which it can be moved from said closed position to said
open position and a secured position in which it cannot be directly
moved from said closed position to said open position.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The term "dispensing closure" is commonly applied to closures
having a closure member movably mounted in a closure body so that
the closure member may be moved relative to the closure body
between open and closed positions. There are a number of different
types of such dispensing closures. It is considered that the most
common of such closure structures are all two-piece devices in
which one or both parts are formed of a somewhat resilient material
such as polyethylene in such a manner that the two parts may be
easily snapped or popped together during an assembly operation.
The term "safety closure" is commonly utilized to designate
closures of various types which are constructed in such a manner
that they cannot be easily or readily opened by comparatively young
children or others with a less than normal mental capacity. It is
normally desired that such safety closures be constructed so that
they can be easily opened by comparatively infirm individuals such
as arthritics. These safety closures are becoming increasingly
important as there is an increase in the recognition of the hazards
attendant to packaging dangerous toxic or damaging products in
containers which can be easily opened.
A major problem which has faced and is facing the dispensing
closure industry is the problem of adapting or modifying existing
dispensing closures so that such closures can be properly termed as
safety closures. This problem has been and is being solved in
various different ways in conjunction with various different types
of dispensing closures since the differences in such closures does
not permit the use of any one "universal" concept or type of
structure in adapting them all so that they are all of a safety
character.
It is not considered that this problem of providing safety
dispensing closures has been adequately solved in connection with
the field of dispensing closures constructed so as to utilize a
closure member linearly movable on a closure body so as to be
capable of being moved between open and closed positions on this
closure body. Such dispensing closures having a linearly movable
closure member can be referred to as "pull-in, pull-out" type
closures because of the manner in which they are opened and closed.
Because of cost and other considerations they are frequently
utilized in packaging a wide variety of products such as detergents
having at least some characteristics making it desirable that these
products be packaged in closures of a safety character.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An objective of the present invention is to provide new and
improved safety dispensing closures. More specifically an objective
of the present invention is to provide safety closures which are
also dispensing closures and which are constructed so as to utilize
a linearly movable closure member as indicated in the preceding
discussion capable of being linearly moved between open and closed
positions on a closure body.
An objective of the present invention is also to provide safety
dispensing closures of this type employing only two parts which can
be easily and conveniently manufactured at a comparatively nominal
cost utilizing known injection molding techniques. A further
related objective of the invention is to provide safety dispensing
closures as indicated employing two parts of polyethylene or a
similar resilient material which may be readily assembled utilizing
the inherent properties of such material at a comparatively nominal
cost. A still further objective of the invention is to provide
safety dispensing closures as indicated which may be easily and
conveniently assembled on packages and used when located on such
packages.
These and various related objectives of the invention as will
appear from a consideration of the remainder of this specification
are achieved by providing in a dispensing closure having a closure
body and a closure member mounted on the closure body so as to be
capable of being moved between open and closed positions on the
closure body a structure permitting the closure member in at least
the closed position to be rotated relative to a closure body and
providing on the closure member and on the closure body
interengaging means or parts which can be brought into engagement
with one another by rotation of the closure member when it is in a
closed position so as to place said closure member in a secured
position to prevent the closure member from being moved from the
closed position until it is rotated back to an initial
position.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
A summary such as the foregoing is inherently incapable of
indicating many important facets and details of an invention
because of its length. A complete understanding of the invention as
well as the manner in which the aforegoing objectives are achieved
can be gained from a detailed consideration of the remainder of
this specification, the appended claims and the accompanying
drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a dispensing closure of the present invention in a closed
position or configuration;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 2--2 of FIG. 1 in
which part of a closure member used in the closure illustrated is
shown in elevation;
FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing the closure
illustrated in FIG. 1 in an open configuration or position;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view taken at line 5--5 of FIG.
2; and
FIG. 6 is a view corresponding to FIG. 5 showing a part of a
modified dispensing closure in accordance with the invention which
utilizes the same principal parts and construction as the closure
indicated in the preceding figures.
It is to be realized that the dispensing closures illustrated are
not the invention as such since the invention involves certain
intangible concepts as are set forth and in the dependent claims.
These concepts are utilized in the particular closures illustrated.
They can also be employed in other somewhat differently constructed
and differently appearing closures through the use and exercise of
conventional design and engineering skill in the packaging
industry.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawing there is shown a safety dispensing closure 10 of the
present invention which has a closure body 12 and a closure member
14. Both the body 12 and the member 14 are preferably formed by
relatively inexpensive injection molding techniques out of a
material such as polyethylene or a similar polymer or polymer
composition having the resiliency and related physical properties
of polyethylene. When so formed the body 12 and the member 14 may
be readily "snapped" together so as to be assembled as shown by an
operation involving temporary deformation of the polymer materials
used in these parts.
The closure body 12 includes a top 16 supporting a normal
peripheral skirt 18 which is adapted to fit around a bottle neck
(not shown) so that an internal flange 20 towards the bottom of
this skirt 18 will hold the closure 10 in place on a bottle neck so
that it cannot be removed from such a container during the use of
the closure 10. This top 16 also includes a nearly cylindrical
dependent internal plug-like skirt 22 which is adapted to fit
within the interior of such a container neck so as to aid in the
formation of a satisfactory seal with respect to it, and so as to
aid in holding the closure 10 in place.
Within the closure body 12 there is located an elongated internal
cavity 24 opening to the top of the closure body 12. In order to
accommodate the length of this cavity 24 the top 16 carries an
upstanding annular flange 26 and a dependent cup-like extension 28.
As will be apparent from FIGS. 2 and 4 of the drawing the cavity 24
extends through the flange 26 and into the extension 28. A small
side opening 30 is located adjacent to the bottom 32 of the
extension 28 for use in connection with the flow of material
through the closure 10. This bottom 32 carries an upstanding
rod-like closure part 34 which is tapered so as to narrow down as
it extends away from the bottom 32 in a step-wise manner so as to
provide a shoulder 36 adjacent to, but spaced from the bottom 32
and an end 38 shaped as a frustrum of a right circular cone.
In general the interior of the cavity 24 is shaped as a surface of
revolution having an axis extending through the center of the
closure part 34. The body 12 is provided with two retaining or
positioning grooves 40 which are located in planes perpendicular to
this axis around the exterior of the cavity 24. It is also provided
with a top groove 42 located in a plane which may be perpendicular
to the same axis, but which is preferably askewed slightly around
this axis in the manner in which a thread on a bolt extends at a
slight angle to the axis of the bolt. At least one notch 44 is
provided in the flange 26 so as to lead from the top groove 42 for
a purpose as hereinafter described. Preferably several of these
notches 44 are utilized.
The closure member 14 has a more or less mushroom shaped top 46
which carries a dependent generally cylindrical annular stem 48
fitting within this cavity 24. It will be noted that the stem 48 is
provided with a slightly tapered external bottom portion 50 which
fits against a correspondingly shaped annular region 52 in the
bottom of the cavity 24 when the member 14 is in a closed position
as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2 so as to close off the opening
30.
This stem 48 is also provided with an annular bead-like projection
54 which is capable of fitting within either of the grooves 40
depending upon whether or not the member 14 is in either of the
positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. The top 16 is preferably
resilient enough so as to permit temporary deformation to permit
the member 14 to be moved between these two positions by reasonable
force being exerted manually to the top 46 so as to cause
deformation enabling this bead-like projection 54 to be moved
between the groove 40.
The stem 48 also preferably includes at least one projection 56
located on its periphery which is capable of slipping through the
notch 44 and which is capable of fitting within the groove 42.
Where several of these notches 44 are used as shown, several of
these projections 56 are preferably used and they are spaced so as
to correspond to the positions of the notches 44.
The closure member 14 also preferably includes an internal
elongated passage 58 which fits around the part 34 between the ends
of the part 34 when the member 14 is in a closed position as shown
in FIG. 2. The bottom 60 of this passage 58 is preferably
dimensioned so as to fit closely against the lower part of the part
34 beneath the shoulder 36 when the member 14 is in a closed
position. The top portion 62 of the passage 58 is preferably
inwardly tapered so as to fit closely against the end 38 when this
member 14 is in a closed position.
This structure of the closure 10 is designed so that the closure
member 14 may be assembled on the closure body 12 by the member 14
being located above the closure body 12 and then being pushed
downwardly towards this closure body 12 so as to snap the closure
member 14 into the cavity 24 as shown. In order to achieve this
snapping action it is either necessary to position the member 14 so
that the projections 56 slide through the notches 44 or to form
these projections 56 so that a ratchet-like type of pop-over action
is achieved in assembling them in position. To achieve this action
it is possible to utilize sloping shoulders 64 on the projections
56 and at the top of the flange 26 adjacent to the cavity 24.
If the closure 10 is assembled by pushing the projections 56
through the notches 44 it may be secured in an in use or secured
position by twisting the member 14 slightly so as to position the
projections 56 within the top groove 42 away from the notches 44.
If the projections 56 have been popped into this top groove 42 such
twisting is not normally necessary. In such a secured position the
closure member 14 cannot be directly moved so as to be located in
an open position.
Once the closure 10 has been assembled into a closed, secured
position as indicated by the preceding discussion it may be easily
opened by engaging the top 46 manually and twisting the member 14
until the projections 56 are located so that the closure member 14
may be withdrawn upwardly with the projections 56 passing through
the notches 44. As this occurs all portions of the interior of the
passage 58 will be spaced from the part 34 and the bottom opening
30 will be exposed so that material such as fluid can move
completely through the closure 10.
In achieving an open position as shown in which such movement is
possible it is considered that it will normally be desirable to
locate on the member 14 and on the body 12 indicia such as the
marks 66 which, when aligned with one another will indicate that
the member 14 may be moved between the two positions shown. If
desired small detent bumps 68 capable of temporary deformation may
be utilized on the closure 10 to increase the difficulty of
rotating the closure member 14 to a position in which the
projections 56 can be withdrawn through the notches 44.
In returning the closure member 14 from the open position to the
closed position force is applied to the top 46 and this top is
turned to the degree necessary so that the projections 56 will pass
through the notches 44. When the member 14 "bottoms out" it may be
twisted slightly so as to place the projections 56 within the top
groove 42.
From a consideration of the closure 10 it will be realized that
this closure 10 embodies a type of opening and closing action
involving movement of a closure member along a linear path which
has been embodied within existing, known dispensing closures. The
structure previously indicated in this specification involves the
addition to such known closures of the top groove 46, one or more
of the notches 44 and one or more of the projections 56 to operate
in the manner described so as to impede or make it difficult to
move the closure member 14 from a completely closed position by
young children and certain others.
The structure described for preventing normal linear movement of
the closure member 14 involving the top groove 42, the notches 44
and the projections 56 and, if used, the detents 68 may be
considered or classified as a collection of interengaging parts or
means used to prevent inadvertent linear movement of the closure
member 14. Such means or parts may be reversed if this is desired
in a particular closure and other somewhat differently appearing
means than those illustrated can be employed. Thus, for example,
the notches and projections used may be located at an angle to one
another with respect to the part 34 as indicated in FIG. 6 of the
drawing instead of being located directly from one another across
from one another. Also as indicated in FIG. 5 where several of the
notches 44 and projections 56 are used these notches 44 and
projections 56 may differ in size.
The degree of relative difficulty in opening the closure 10
described in the preceding may be increased if this is desired by
including in this closure 10 a cavity-like enlargement 70 within
the groove 42 corresponding to each projection 56 employed. In a
closure such as the closure 10 illustrated where there are two of
these projections 56 the groove 42 will be formed so as to include
two of these enlargements 70 located so as to be spaced from one
another around the groove 42 in such a manner that each of them
will receive one of the projections 56 when the member 14 is in a
closed position. It will be noted that these enlargements 70 are
located in what may be referred to as the "upper" wall of the
groove 42 spaced generally away from the skirt 18 and the bottom of
the closure 10.
When the member 14 is in a closed position the projections 56 are
normally biased so as to fit within these enlargements 70 by mean
of a small, resilient, cylindrical spring-like flange 72 located
within the bottom of the cavity 24 generally within the region 52.
This flange 72 is formed integrally with the body 12 and is
intended to serve as a spring or a spring means engaging the bottom
74 of the stem 48 when the closure member 14 is in a position in
which the projections 56 are roughly opposite, but slightly above
the groove 42.
When there is such an engagement the flange 72 will tend to bias
the closure member 14 upwardly in such a manner that this closure
member 14 cannot be twisted unless it is forced downwardly against
the flange 72 compressing this flange 72 to a slight extent so that
the projections 56 may be located within the groove 42 as the
closure member 14 is turned. Then when the downward pressure on the
closure member 14 is released and when the closure member 14 is
turned so that these projections 56 are opposite these enlargements
70 the spring-like action of the flange 72 will tend to force the
member 14 upwardly until the projections 56 are engaged in the
enlargements 70 in such a manner that the member 14 is secured
against rotation. When it is desired to open the closure 10, the
closure member 14 may be pushed downwardly against the pressure
exerted by the flange 72 and then may be rotated so as to be opened
as indicated in the preceding discussion.
From this it will be apparent that the flange 72 is essentially a
spring element or means. Other equivalent structures designed to
accomplish the same function as this flange 72 may be used.
Similarly, the enlargements 70 serve essentially as stop means to
prevent rotation of the closure member 14 except when it is forced
downwardly. These enlargements 70 and the flange 72 may be
considered together as a latch means for preventing rotation of the
closure member 14 into or out of a closed position except when
axial downward pressure is applied to the closure member 14 by
preventing disengagement of the noted interengaging means. If
desired, an indicia 76 corresponding to the indicia 66 on the
closure body 12 may be located so as to indicate when these stop or
latch means are interengaged.
* * * * *