U.S. patent number 3,777,924 [Application Number 05/088,317] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-11 for safety closure.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Invention is credited to James H. Kayser, Gregory A. Younker.
United States Patent |
3,777,924 |
Kayser , et al. |
December 11, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SAFETY CLOSURE
Abstract
A safety closure to restrict the opening of containers by
children. The closure has an inner cap which is operable to open
the container upon manual manipulation of a grasping surface on the
inner cap. The closure also includes an inseparable outer cap which
will not operate directly to open the closure, but which must be
moved against the bias of a spring from a position at which it
encloses the grasping surface to a position at which the grasping
surface may be manually manipulated. The outer cap may be
engageable with the inner cap to move the inner cap to a sealing
position on the container by manipulation of the outer cap, or the
inner cap may be spring biased to its closed position.
Inventors: |
Kayser; James H. (Maplewood,
MN), Younker; Gregory A. (St. Paul, MN) |
Assignee: |
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
Company (St. Paul, MN)
|
Family
ID: |
22210662 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/088,317 |
Filed: |
November 10, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
215/215; 215/201;
215/213; 215/225; 215/216 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
50/041 (20130101); B65D 83/40 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
50/00 (20060101); B65D 83/14 (20060101); B65D
50/04 (20060101); B65d 055/02 (); A61j
001/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;215/9,43A |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hall; George T.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. A safety closure for sealing the opening of a container, said
safety closure comprising in combination:
an inner cap adapted for engagement with the container about the
opening for sealing said container, said inner cap having a
grasping surface adapted for manual engagement to move at least a
portion of said inner cap from a sealing position with respect to
said container opening and its contents to an open position with
respect to said container opening at which open position the
contents of said container may be discharged;
an outer cap substantially enclosing said inner cap;
means mounting said outer cap on said inner cap for relative
movement with respect thereto between a first position, at which
said grasping surface of said inner cap is enclosed by said outer
cap to prevent manual engagement thereof, and a second position at
which said grasping surface is exposed to permit manual
manipulation of said grasping surface and movement of said movable
portion of said inner cap from sealing to said open position;
force transfer means on said outer cap engageable with cooperating
means on said inner cap for moving at least said movable portion of
said inner cap toward said sealing position when said outer cap is
in said first position for affording movement of said movable
portion of said inner cap to said sealing position by manipulation
of said outer cap and which force transfer means and cooperting
means is not effective to move said movable portion to said open
position by manipulation of said outer cap; and
means on said inner cap and on said outer cap for biasing said
outer cap toward said first position with respect to said inner cap
to enclose said grasping surface.
2. A safety closure according to claim 1 further comprising means
in engagement between said inner and said outer cap for producing
an audible signal upon movement of said outer cap relative to said
inner cap.
3. A safety closure according to claim 1 adapted for sealing the
opening of a said container of the type having external screw
threads about said opening wherein:
said inner cap comprises a tubular member having internal threads
adapted for threaded engagement with the external screw threads of
a said container, and a sealing member at one end of said tubular
member adapted to close and seal said opening upon sufficient
engagement between said threaded portions of said inner cap and
said container, the outer surface of said tubular member affording
said grasping surface for manual manipulation thereof;
said outer cap is mounted on said inner cap for movement axially of
said tubular member from said first to said second position to
expose said grasping surface of said inner cap and afford manual
manipulation thereof; and
said force transfer means and cooperating means affords engagement
between said inner cap and said outer cap to move said inner cap to
said sealing position by rotation of said outer cap in one
direction and affords free relative rotation between said outer cap
and said inner cap upon rotation of said outer cap in the opposite
direction.
4. A safety closure according to claim 3 wherein said threads on
said inner cap are adapted for a predetermined interference fit
with the threads on a said container.
5. A safety closure according to claim 3 wherein said force
transfer means and cooperating means comprises a one-way clutch
having a first portion on the exterior surface of said sealing
member, and a second mating portion on the interior surface of said
outer cap, said first and second portions of said one-way clutch
providing engagement between said inner and outer caps to drive
said inner cap to said sealing position by manual manipulation of
said outer cap when said outer cap is in said first position.
6. A safety closure according to claim 5 wherein said portions of
said one-way clutch each have surfaces oriented to mate with the
surfaces on the other clutch portion when said outer cap is in said
first position to provide driving engagement between said first and
second portions upon rotation of said outer cap in a direction for
engagement of said inner cap with a said container, and said
portions of said one-way clutch each have ramp members oriented to
afford sliding engagement with the ramp members on the other clutch
portion to cause relative rotation between said first and second
portion of said one-way clutch upon rotation of said outer cap in a
direction for removing said inner cap from a said container.
7. A safety closure according to claim 6 wherein said surfaces on
said first and second portions of said one-way clutch are oriented
to afford relative movement between said portions of said one-way
clutch when a rotational torque in excess of a predetermined amount
is applied to said outer cap in a direction to engage said inner
cap with a said container.
8. A safety closure according to claim 3, wherein said combination
further includes an auxiliary tool adapted for manual engagement,
and means for providing engagement between said auxiliary tool and
said inner cap to afford removal of said safety closure by manual
manipulation of said auxiliary tool.
9. A safety closure according to claim 8 wherein said auxiliary
tool comprises a circular member designed for rotation about its
axis upon engagement with said safety closure to remove said safety
closure and wherein the diameter of said circular member is in the
range of 2 to 4-1/2 inches.
10. A safety closure according to claim 8 wherein said means for
affording engagement between said auxiliary tool and said inner cap
comprises a second one-way clutch having a first portion on the
exterior surface of said sealing member and oriented for engagement
in a direction of rotation for removal of said inner cap from a
said container, said outer cap is formed with an opening providing
access to said first portion of said second one-way clutch through
said outer cap, and said auxiliary tool has a second portion of
said second one-way clutch sized for engagement with said first
portion through said opening to afford driving said inner cap for
removal of said safety closure from a said container.
11. A safety closure according to claim 1 wherein said outer cap
and said inner cap are generally cylindrical and said outer cap is
mounted on said inner cap for axial movement relative to said inner
cap from said first to said second position to expose said grasping
surface of said inner cap for manual manipulation thereof.
12. A safety closure according to claim 3 further comprising means
engageable between said inner cap and said outer cap for
restricting said axial movement of said outer cap from said first
position to said second position until a predetermined angular
relationship is established between said inner cap and said outer
cap.
13. A safety closure according to claim 3 further comprising latch
means engageable between said inner cap and said outer cap for
restricting movement of said outer cap from said first to said
second position, and means on said outer cap for affording manual
release of said latch means and movement of said outer cap to said
second position.
14. A safety closure according to claim 1 adapted for sealing the
opening of a said container of the type having an annular ring
formed about said opening, wherein:
said inner cap comprises a pliable cup-like member, the open end of
said cup-like member has an inwardly extending lip adapted to be
pressed over said annular ring to move said inner cap to said
sealing position over a said opening, and an outwardly projecting
tab defining said grasping surface and adapted for manual
manipulation to distort said pliable lip and move said inner cap to
said open position removed from said container; and
said outer cap is mounted on said inner cap for rotation about the
cup-like member between said first position and said second
position, said outer cap has a tubular section formed with a slot
therein, said tubular section being positioned in said first
position with said tubular member enclosing said tab thereby
preventing manual manipulation of said tab, and being positioned in
said second position with said slot adjacent said tab thereby
exposing said tab and affording manual manipulation of said tab to
remove said safety closure.
15. A safety closure according to claim 1 wherein:
said inner cap comprises a fixed portion adapted to be fixedly
attached to the opening of a said container and having an outlet
opening formed therein, and said movable portion is mounted on said
fixed portion for sliding movement between said sealing position
over said outlet opening and said open position with said movable
portion spaced from said outlet opening; and
said outer cap has an access opening therein, said access opening
being displaced from said movable portion when said outer cap is in
said first position and exposing said movable portion when said
outer cap is in said second position.
16. A safety closure according to claim 15 wherein said outer cap
is rotatably mounted upon said inner cap for movement between said
first and said second position.
17. A safety closure according to claim 16 wherein said operative
means includes means engageable between said outer cap and said
movable member for sliding said movable portion from said open to
said sealing position during rotation of said outer cap from said
second to said first position.
18. A safety closure for sealing the opening of a container, said
safety closure comprising in combination:
an inner cap adapted for engagement with the opening on said
container, said inner cap including a movable portion having a
grasping surface adapted for manual engagement to move said movable
portion from a sealing position with respect to said container to
an open position with respect to said container at which the
contents of said container may be discharged;
means biasing said movable portion of said inner cap to said
sealing position;
an outer cap mounted on said inner cap for movement with respect
thereto between a first position, at which said grasping surface of
said inner cap is enclosed by said outer cap to prevent manual
engagement thereof, and a second position with respect to said
inner cap at which said grasping surface is exposed to permit
manual manipulation of said grasping surface and movement of said
movable portion of said inner cap from said sealing to said open
position; and
means for biasing said outer cap toward said first position.
19. A safety closure according to claim 18 wherein said inner cap
comprises a spray valve having a fixed portion and a movable nozzle
portion, said nozzle portion being movable between the sealing
position at which said nozzle is blocked from the interior of said
container and the open position at which said nozzle is in
communication with the interior of said container, said means
biasing said movable portion of said inner cap biases said nozzle
portion of said valve toward said sealing position, and said inner
cap further comprises a support structure fixedly attached to said
inner cap for movably mounting said outer cap.
20. A safety closure according to claim 19 wherein said outer cap
is rotatably mounted on said structure for movement between said
first position and said second position.
21. A safety closure according to claim 19 wherein said outer cap
is mounted on said structure for telescoping movement between said
first position and said second position.
22. A safety closure according to claim 18 wherein said inner cap
comprises a fixed portion adapted to be fixedly attached to the
opening of a said container and having an outlet opening formed
therein, and said movable portion comprises a plate slidably
mounted on said fixed portion for reciprocating movement between
the sealing position at which said plate covers said outlet
opening, and the open position at which said plate is spaced from
said outlet opening.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The National Center for Health Statistics of the Public Health
Service reported that in 1968 420 poison control centers reported
over 105,000 ingestions of drugs and potentially toxic household
products. Children under 5 years of age were involved in 71,563 of
these ingestions, 4,129 hospitalizations occurred within this age
group as a result of these accidents and many of these accidents
resulted in the death of the children involved. Thus, it can be
seen that a reliable, convenient, and economically feasible safety
closure is needed to protect children from the potentially
dangerous products necessarily brought into households.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
The prior art is replete with designs for safety closures for
containers intended to protect children from the contents therein.
While many of these closures have, with varying degrees of
versatility, been able to perform their function, these devices
have had various limitations which make their use and public
acceptance less than adequate to effectively reduce accidents.
For example, some prior art safety closures require a first closing
motion to attach the safety closure to the container and then a
separate conscious locking motion to insure that the safety
protection is afforded. This type of safety closure allows the
adult user to seal the container without taking the additional step
or steps required to make the closure safe against opening by
children.
Other safety closures have utilized separable parts, thus affording
the loss of portions of the safety closure and thereby reducing or
eliminating the safety aspect of the closure.
Still other prior art safety closures have required opening devices
or tools separable from the safety closure to effect their opening.
With closures of this type, the danger exists that an adult user
will misplace or not have access to the tool required. This may
cause the user to damage the closure to effect its opening and
thereby compromise the safety features of the closure. Also, this
type of closure may direct the customer to a brand of the product
which does not use a safety closure. Additionally, the use of tools
to open the closure promotes the possibility that children may gain
access to the tool and thereby the contents of the container.
Some prior art closures have required a complex or secret method of
closure manipulation to afford opening thereof. This type of
manipulation may be forgotten by adult users or may be discovered
by children either by random manipulation of the closure or by
observing adult users.
Additionally, some known prior art safety closures require
unconventional motion patterns for removal, and in their closed
position are attached in a fixed position with relation to the
container. The user may mistake these safety closures for a tightly
sealed conventional cap, and may exert sufficient rotational force
to free the cap, thereby damaging or destroying the safety locking
ability of the closure.
Some safety closures of the prior art have required modifications
of containers to adapt their use. These safety closures are
undesirable as their use requires that specially modified
containers be produced which result in added expense.
A safety closure made according to the present invention overcomes
the disadvantages of these earlier closures in that it requires no
separate locking steps, the closure is not disassembled during
either opening or closing manipulations, no secret combination need
be memorized, and a separate tool is not required for opening of
the closure by unhandicapped adults. Additionally, the safety
closure of the present invention is designed to be used on
conventional containers, requires a conventional manipulation
pattern for attaching it to the container, and is designed so that
manipulation of the closure in a conventional opening pattern will
not damage the closure. During opening, the present invention
requires a series of manual manipulations which are easily
remembered and performed by normal adults but which require
dexterity and physical abilities which a child does not normally
possess, thus preventing most children who would not realize the
gravity of this act from opening the closure even where the child
knows the required series of manipulations.
The present invention provides an inner sealing cap which is
engageable with the container in a conventional manner, and an
outer cap movably mounted on the inner cap. The outer cap is
movable from a first position at which the user is denied access to
a surface on the inner cap which must be manually manipulated to
open the closure to a second position at which the surface of the
inner cap is accessible for the manual manipulation and an opening
of the closure. The present invention further provides a spring for
urging the outer cap toward its first position. Thus, to open a
container utilizing a safety closure according to the present
invention, the user must maintain the outer cap in its second
position against the bias of the spring, while at the same time
manipulating the inner cap. While children may be able to move the
outer cap to its second position, they tend to be incapable of the
dexterous motions required to maintain the outer cap in the second
position while transferring their fingers to a position suitable
for manual manipulation of the inner cap. Additionally, by proper
selection of the spring and the physical size of the outer cap,
children are prevented from opening the safety closure of the
present invention because of their lack of finger length and
strength, while adults are able to open the container with a
minimum of inconvenience.
The present invention also provides means which cooperate between
the outer cap and the inner cap so that manual manipulation of the
outer cap will provide engagement of the inner cap to place it in
its proper sealing position. Thus, users will replace this closure
on containers in a manner already familiar to them to insure proper
sealing, and containers may be automatically closed by existing
commercial closure application machinery.
The broad concept of the inner action between an inner sealing cap
and an outer cap to effect a safety closure is not new. For
example, in Pat. Nos. 3,531,008 and 2,816,677 there are disclosed
safety closures which utilize this concept. U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,531,008 and 2,816,677 disclose safety closures comprising an
inner sealing cap and an outer cap rotatably mounted on the inner
cap. The outer cap is movable between a first position at which the
potential opener of the closure is denied access to manually
manipulate the inner cap and a second position which allows the
potential opener access to the inner cap.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,531,008, however, the cap is not biased toward
its first position, and in fact is provided with a groove and bead
for retaining the outer cap at the second position to afford
opening of the inner cap. Thus, once the child has discovered or
observed that the outer cap is movable to its second position, he
may so position it, and have free access to the inner cap to effect
its removal. Additionally, the outer cap of this safety closure may
be left in its second position by adult users to afford the child
access as no biasing means to move the cap to its first position is
provided.
In U.S. Pat. No. 2,816,677, while the outer cap is biased so that
it will automatically return to its first position after use, the
direction of movement of the outer cap to its second position is
toward the container on which the closure is used, and thus this
closure requires sufficient clearance for the outer cap between the
inner cap and the top of the container. This clearance is not
present in many common commercial containers.
Additionally, the outer cap on both the closure of U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,531,008 and 2,816,677 can only be installed on a container by
manipulation of the inner cap, thus making these closures difficult
to use during closure of the containers and unsuitable for use with
presently existing cap application equipment.
U. S. Pat. Nos. 3,472,411 and 3,343,697 disclose a safety closure
comprising an inner sealing cap and an outer cap rotatably mounted
on the inner cap and disclose means engageable between the caps
which allow movement of the inner cap toward its closed position by
manual manipulation of the outer cap. The outer caps of these
closures, however, are not movable to a second position to allow
manipulation of an inner cover, but rather at least a portion of
the outer cap is movable to engage a mating portion of the inner
cap to lock the inner and outer caps together. Thus, with either of
these safety closures a child may gain access by merely pressing
the top of the closure against a surface such as a table, and
rotating the container or cap in the normal fashion to open the
container.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The safety closure of the present invention may be adapted to
produce an audible signal upon rotation of the outer cap relative
to the inner cap so that manipulation of the safety closure by
children may be signaled to nearby adults.
Safety closures according to the present invention which are
adapted for enagement with containers having threaded openings may
be adapted to limit the torque transmitted between the outer and
inner caps to prevent over-tightening of the closure.
One form of the safety closure is adapted for use by persons
handicapped by arthritis, age, or otherwise. This form is provided
with an alternative method of removing the closure. The alternative
method of removal utilizes an auxilliary tool designed to make
one-way driving engagement with the inner cap to allow removal of
the closure. The tool is designed, however, so that it may not be
coupled to the closure during engaging of the closure with a
container so that the handicapped user will not leave the tool
mounted on the closure, and thus will be encouraged to store the
tool in some safe position remote from the container.
To afford additional security against opening of the safety closure
of the present invention, it may be provided with various locking
means which require special motion paths for, or special
manipulations of, the outer cap before it may be moved to its
second position.
The improved safety closure of the present invention comprises an
inner cap engageable with the opening of the container, with at
least a portion of the inner cap being mounted relative to the
container for manual movement between a sealing position with
respect to the container at which the contents of the container are
sealed within the container, to an open position with respect to
the container at which the contents of the container may be
removed.
The safety closure also provides an outer cap movably mounted on
the inner cap and being movable with respect thereto between a
first position at which the movable portion of the inner cap is
enclosed by the second member to prevent manual movement thereof,
to a second position with respect to the inner cap at which the
movable portion of the inner cap is exposed thereby permitting
manual manipulation of the movable portion between a sealing and an
open position. Means are also provided which cooperate between the
outer cap and the movable portion of the inner cap to provide
engagement to move the movable portion of said inner cap to said
sealing position by manual manipulation of said outer cap, along
with means which bias the outer cap toward the first position with
respect to the inner cap.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The invention will be further described with reference to the
accompanying drawing wherein like numbers refer to like parts in
the several views and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a safety closure according
to the present invention which is shown mounted on a fragment of a
container;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the safety closure shown in FIG. 1
which has been grasped by a user to remove it from the
container;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the safety closure shown in FIG. 1
with parts thereof in section for purposes of illustration;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view partially in section showing
modifications which may be made on the closure shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the safety closure according to the
present invention illustrating a further modification which is
shown together with an auxiliary tool for removing the closure with
parts thereof broken away to illustrate internal features
thereof;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view, partially in section, of the safety
closure illustrating a further modification;
FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the safety closure
illustrating a further modification;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken approximately along the
line 8--8 of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a bottom perspective view of a second embodiment of a
safety closure constructed according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view of the safety closure shown in
FIG. 9 illustrated in an inverted position and mounted on a
fragment of a container;
FIG. 11 is a sectional view taken approximately along the line
11--11 of FIG. 10.
FIG. 12 is a plan view of a third embodiment of a safety closure
made according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a vertical sectional view taken approximately along the
line 13--13 of FIG. 12; which shows the third embodiment mounted on
a fragment of a container
FIG. 14 is a plan view of the inner cap of the third embodiment
illustrating a modification which may be made on the closure shown
in FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a vertical sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a
safety closure constructed according to the present invention shown
mounted on a fragment of a container; and
FIG. 16 is a vertical sectional view of the safety closure shown in
FIG. 18.
FIG. 17 is a perspective view, partially in section, of a fifth
embodiment of a safety closure according to the present invention
which is shown mounted on a fragment of an aerosol container;
FIG. 18 is a plan view partially in section of the safety closure
of FIG. 17; and
FIG. 19 is a plan view of the safety closure of FIG. 17 showing
manipulation of the closure by a user.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The directions of rotations referred to herein are with respect to
a view looking downward from the top of the drawing upon the
closure as illustrated in FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 there is shown a first embodiment
of a safety closure generally designated 10 constructed according
to the present invention for engaging the threaded neck 11 of a
container 12.
The safety closure 10 comprises an inner cap 14 adapted for sealing
the container 12 and having an exterior cylindrical grasping
surface 15 which is fluted or otherwise adapted for grasping by the
fingers to remove it from the container 12. An outer cap 16 is
mounted for free rotation in the clockwise direction, and for
movement from a first position surrounding and/or enclosing cap 14
as shown in FIG. 1 to a second position as shown in FIG. 2 exposing
the grasping or engageable surface 15 of the inner cap 14 to allow
engagement of the grasping surface 15 by the fingers. A spring 18
is provided for biasing the outer cap 16 toward its first position.
A one-way clutch 19 operable between the outer cap 16 and the inner
cap 14 is provided to allow driving of the inner cap 14 to engage
it with the container 12 and move it to its closed position by
manipulation of the outer cap 16 in a normal, i.e., the clockwise,
direction.
The inner cap 14 is formed with a tubular side wall 20 internally
formed for engagement with the conventional threads on the neck 11
of the container 12. The inner cap 14 has an end closure 22 formed
on its interior surface. Conventional rotation of the inner cap 14
will move it between a sealing position at which the end closure 22
is in sealing engagement with the end of the threaded neck 11, and
an open position out of engagement with the neck 11 at which the
contents of the container 12 may be discharged. The end closure 22
is formed on its exterior surface with a first portion 24 of the
one-way clutch 19. The end closure 22 is of a larger diameter than
the sidewalls 20 and thus provides a bearing surface 27 for one end
of the spring 18.
The outer cap 16 of the safety closure 10 is formed with a
cylindrical side wall 28 bonded, i.e., by adhesive or ultrasonic
sealing, to a circular disk forming an end wall 30. The side wall
28 is internally shaped and sized to provide a rotatable and
slidable fit about the periphery of the end closure 22. The outer
cap 16 is formed at its open end with an inwardly extending annular
flange or ring 32, which rotatably and slidably fits about the
surface 15 and provides a bearing surface 33 for the end of the
spring 18 opposite the end supported by the surface 27. Thus, the
spring 18 urges the outer cap 16 toward its first position at which
the outer cap 16 encloses the inner cap 14. The outer cap is
slidable axially of the inner cap 14 to a second position at which
the ring 32 is moved near the surface 27 against the bias of the
spring 18. At the second position of the outer cap 16 a large
portion of the exterior grasping surface 15 of the inner cap 14 is
exposed so that it may be grasped by the fingers as illustrated in
FIG. 2 to afford removal of the safety closure 10 from the
container 12. A second mating portion 34 of the one-way clutch 19
is formed on the inner surface of the end wall 30. The first and
second mating portions 24 and 34 of the one-way clutch 19 are
formed with mating surfaces 36 which provide driving engagement
between the outer cap 16 and the inner cap 14 when the outer cap 16
is rotated in the clockwise direction while in its first position.
The first and second portions 24 and 34 of the clutch 19 are also
formed with ramps 38 which cause relative rotation between the
portions 24 and 34 of the clutch 19 when the outer cap 16 is
rotated in the counterclockwise direction, thereby preventing
driving engagement between the inner cap 14 and the outer cap 16
when the outer cap 16 is rotated in the counterclockwise
direction.
The operation of the safety closure of the present invention will
be described. When it is desired to remove the safety closure 10
from a container 12, the outer cap 16 is grasped and is moved from
its first position as shown in FIG. 1 to its second position as
shown in FIG. 2. After the outer cap 16 has been moved to its
second position, the fingers are manipulated to grip the exterior
grasping surface 15 of the inner cap 14 to allow removal of the
inner cap 14 by conventional counterclockwise rotation. To replace
the safety closure 10 on the container 12, the outer cap 16 is
grasped by the fingers and the inner cap 14 is engaged with the
threads on the neck 13 of cap 16 in the conventional manner. If a
child or one not familiar with the operation of the safety closure
10 attempts to remove the closure from a container 12 by
manipulation of the outer cap 16, the outer cap 16 will rotate
freely in the counterclockwise rotation, except for a slight
lifting action caused by the camming action of the ramps 38 in the
one-way clutch 19.
Means are provided on the safety closure 10 to produce an audible
signal when the outer cap 16 is rotated relative to the inner cap
14. As is best shown in FIG. 3, serrations are formed on the
surfaces 27 and 33 which support the ends of the spring 18. Upon
rotary movement of the outer cap 16 relative to the inner cap 14,
at least one end of the spring 18 will be drawn across the serrated
surfaces 27 and 33 and will thereby produce an audible signal. This
will become recognizable to nearby adults to alert them that a
child is working on the closure 10 in an attempt to open it.
Referring now to FIG. 4 there is illustrated a modification of the
safety device 10 which further provides means for preventing
over-tightening of the inner cap 14 on a container 12 by manual
manipulation of the outer cap 16. By adjusting the angle 42 of the
mating surfaces 36 of the one-way clutch 19 with respect to a plane
parallel to the axis of the inner cap 14, the outer cap 16 will
slip with respect to the inner cap 14 when clockwise torque in
excess of a predetermined amount is applied to the outer cap 16.
The limiting torque will be dependent upon the magnitude of the
angle 42 and upon the coefficient of friction of the materials from
which the one-way clutch 19 is made. As an example, a limiting
torque of 2.5 to 3.0 inch-pounds has been achieved in an aluminum
one-way clutch 19 at an angle 42 of 25.degree..
The closure 10 may be further modified to insure that it may not be
removed from the container by counterclockwise rotation of the
outer cap 16 when the inner cap 14 has not been fully engaged and
tightened onto the container 12. The normal class of fit used for
threads between a container and a cap provides little frictional
drag upon engagement. If this class of fit were used between the
inner cap 14 and the threads on the container 12, the slight drag
caused by slipping in the one-way clutch 19 during counterclockwise
rotation of the outer cap 16 might remove the inner cap 14 when it
is only partially engaged with the container 12. To prevent this
possibility, the threads internally formed on the inner cap 14 may
be modified as illustrated at 43 in FIG. 4 to represent an
oversized portion of the thread on the cap thus insuring an
interference fit with the standard threads on the container, and
insuring that the closure 10 must be manipulated in its intended
manner even when it has been only partially engaged with the
container 12. Modification of the threads may alternatively be done
by not forming them to the normal pattern as by distorting their
crest, root or pitch.
In FIG. 5 there is shown a modification of the present invention
which allows use of an auxiliary tool 46 for removal of the inner
cap 14. The outer cap 16 is formed with an orifice 48 to expose a
one-way clutch surface 50 on the inner cap 14 for engagement by the
tool 46 to cause counterclockwise rotation of the inner cap 14 by
similar rotation of the tool 46.
As illustrated in FIG. 4, the inner cap 14 is formed with the
centrally disposed ramped surface 50 of a second one-way clutch
which is centered in the portion 24 of the one-way clutch 19. The
surface 50 has ramps and driving surfaces disposed for driving
engagement in a rotational direction opposite to the rotational
direction of engagement for the one-way clutch 19. The orifice 48
has essentially the same diameter as the surface 50, and is aligned
with it to allow facile engagement between the surface 50 and a
mating reversed surface portion 52 of the one-way clutch formed on
the tool 46. The tool 46 is formed with a circular plate member 54
to support the portion 52, which plate 54 may be formed of a
transparent plastic material to afford visual alignment of the
portion 52 with the surface 50, and a cylindrical wall 56 about the
plate member 54 to provide a convenient gripping surface for a
user. The diameter of the tool 46 is sized to provide an easy
gripping surface for adults, but is of a size and shape not easily
grasped by young children (i.e., 2 to 4-1/2 inches in diameter).
The tool 46 may be modified to prevent rotation of the portion 52
by grasping other than the exterior surface of the wall 56 by
rotatably mounting two disks of the same diameter as the wall 56
about the portion 51 with one disk positioned at each end of the
wall 56.
FIG. 6 illustrates a further modification of the present invention
shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 to provide locking means between the
inner cap 14 and the outer cap 16 to restrict movement of the outer
cap 16 from its first to its second position unless a predetermined
angular relationship is first established between the inner cap 14
and the outer cap 16.
Formed in an equally spaced relationship about the peripheral
surface of the end closure 22 of the inner cap 14 are four
protrusions 60 which are generally shaped in cross-section like an
isosceles triangle and are positioned with their base surfaces 61
in a common plane and parallel to surface 27. Equally spaced about
the interior of the cylindrical side walls 28 of the outer cap 16
are four inwardly projecting projections or abutments 62. The
abutments 62 are also generally shaped in cross-section like on
isosceles triangles having a larger apex angle than the protrusions
60. The base surfaces 63 of the abutments 62 are positioned in a
plane parallel to the surface 61 of the protrusion 60. The
protrusions 60 and abutments 62 are sized and spaced to allow the
abutments 62 to pass between the protrusion 60 if the inner and
outer caps 14 and 16 are in the correct angular relationship to
each other. The abutments 62 are spaced relative to the mating
surfaces of the one-way clutch 19 and the protrusions 60 to allow
rotation of the outer cap 16 in the counterclockwise direction
without interference between the surfaces 61 and 63 of the
protrusions 60 and abutments 62 during the slight relative axial
movement so caused. The protrusions 60 and abutments 62 are
positioned relative to the one-way clutch 19 so that when the
clutch 19 is in driving engagement, at least a portion of the
surfaces 61 are positioned over the surfaces 63. Thus, after the
inner cap 14 has been engaged with the container 12 by manipulation
of the outer cap 16, the outer cap 16 must be rotated
counterclockwise while in its first position to align the
protrusions 60 between the abutments 62 before the outer cap 16 may
be moved axially to its second position to afford manual
manipulation of the inner cap 14 to effect its removal.
The outer cap 16 is self-aligning with the inner cap 14 to afford
movement of the protrusions 60 past the abutments 62 for movement
of the outer cap 16 from its second position to its first position.
This occurs first by guiding of the points 65 of the protrusions 60
along the edge surfaces 67 of the abutments 62, and subsequently by
the guiding of one end of the bases 63 along surfaces 69 of the
protrusion 60, thereby optimizing the use of the energy provided by
spring 18, to guide and return the outer cap to its first position
whenever it is released.
Referring now to FIGS. 7 and 8 there is shown a modification of the
safety closure of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 which provides a latching means
for restricting movement of the outer cap 16 between its first and
second position until the latching means is released.
For this modification the annular ring 32 is formed in a position
axially spaced from the open end of the outer cap 16 and a
generally flared outwardly extending protrusion 70 is formed about
the open end of the inner cap 14. At least one inwardly projecting
hook 72 is formed spaced from the ring 32, and adjacent to the open
end of the outer cap 16, which outer cap 16 for this modification
is preferably made of a resilient, flexible material. The hook 72
is formed with a bevel surface 74 shaped to slide over the
protrusion 70 to allow engagement of the hook 72 with the
protrusion 70 when the outer cap is moved from its second to its
first position. The hook 72 is spaced relative to the mating
surfaces of the clutch 19 and the protrusion 70 to allow the slight
axial movement of the outer cap 16 relative to the inner cap 14
caused by the camming action of the ramps 24 so that the outer cap
16 may be freely rotated in a counterclockwise direction when in
the first position. The hook 72 may be disengaged from the
protrusion 70 to allow movement of the outer cap 16 to its second
position to afford disengagement of the safety closure 10 by
squeezing the flexible outer cap 16 near its open end below the
ring 32 at opposing positions spaced approximately 90.degree. about
the periphery of the outer cap 16 from the hook 72, so that the
periphery of the outer cap 16 will assume a generally oval
configuration as shown in FIG. 8 to allow passage of the hook 72
past the protrusion 70.
Referring now to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11 there is shown a second
embodiment of a safety closure, generally designated 76, and
constructed according to the present invention. The closure 76 is
adapted for engaging a container 78 having an annular ring 80
formed about its opening.
The safety closure 76 comprises an inner cap 82 adapted for sealing
the container 78. The cap 82 is formed with a protrusion or tab 84
having a grasping surface adapted for manual manipulation by the
fingers to remove the inner cap 82. An outer cap 86 is rotatably
mounted on the inner cap 82 for movement against the bias of a
spring 88 between a first position shown in FIG. 9 at which the tab
84 is enclosed within the outer cap 86 to a second position as
shown in FIG. 10 at which the grasping surface on the tab 84 is
exposed and engageable by the fingers through an opening or slot 87
to remove the inner cap 82. The spring 88 is a coil spring
connected at its opposite ends to the outer cap 86 and to the inner
cap 82 to bias the outer cap 86 to its first position. The inner
cap 82 may be pressed into engagement with the container 78 by
manipulation of the outer cap 86.
The inner cap 82 is generally a cup-like structure having an
inwardly extending annular ring or lip 90 formed about the open end
thereof. The inner cap 82 is formed of a resilient, flexible
material so that the ring 90 may be pressed over the annular ring
80 on the container 78 to provide sealing engagement. The outwardly
extending tab 84 is formed on the open end of the inner cap 82 to
afford engagement by the finger to press a portion of the annular
ring 90 over the annular ring 80 formed on the container 78,
thereby causing removal of the inner cap 82 from the container 78.
The inner cap 82 is formed with an axially extending stem 91
centered on the outer surface of the inner cap 82 opposite its open
end. The stem 91 forms a bearing surface for rotatably mounting the
cap 86, and may be staked at its distal end to prevent separation
of the caps 82 and 86. The outer cap 86 is formed with a circular
end wall 92 rotatably mounted on the stem 91 about an orifice
formed at its center. The outer cap 86 is also formed with a
cylindrical side wall 94 to enclose the inner cap 82 and extend
beyond the open end of the inner cap 82 and the tab 84. The side
wall 94 is formed with a groove 96 extending partially around its
inner surface from the opening 87 for a distance at least
sufficient to position the entire width of the tab 84 within the
groove 96 when the outer cap 86 is rotated to its first position,
which first position is defined by the edge of the tab 84 abutting
the end of the groove 96 opposite the opening 87.
To remove the closure 76, the user must rotate and maintain the
outer cap 86 in its second position against the bias of the spring
88 while the tab 84 is engaged or grasped with the fingers to
remove the inner cap 82. If a user attempts to remove the closure
by lifting the edge or the center of the outer cap 86, the lifting
force will be transmitted to the center of the inner cap 82 through
the stem 91, thereby tending to clinch the annular ring 90 about
the container 78 to firmly resist such removal attempt.
Referring now to FIGS. 12 and 13, there is shown a third embodiment
of a safety closure generally designated 100 and constructed
according to the present invention. The closure 100 is adapted for
use on the type of container commonly used for dry materials.
The closure 100 includes an inner cap 102 comprising a fixed
portion 104 attached to the opening of a container 106 and a
movable portion or plate 108 slidably mounted on the fixed portion
104. The plate 108 is movable between a sealing position covering a
series of openings 110 formed in the fixed portion 104 and an open
position at which the plate 108 is spaced from the openings 110 so
that the contents of the container 106 may be discharged through
the openings. An outer cap 112 is rotatably mounted on the fixed
portion 104 of the inner cap 102 and is movable with respect
thereto between a first position at which a grasping surface or
edge 114 on the plate 108 is enclosed by the outer cap 112 to a
second position at which an orifice 116 formed in the outer cap 112
is positioned over the plate 108 to allow manual grasping or
manipulation of the edge 114 to move the plate 108 to its open
position. A biasing means or spring 118 is attached between the
fixed portion 104 of the inner cap 102 and a pin 119 extending
inwardly from the interior surface of the outer cap 112 to bias the
outer cap 112 toward its first position. The surface of the pin 119
is disposed to make contact with an edge 120 on the plate 108 and
provides a means cooperating between the outer cap 112 and the
plate 108 to move the plate 108 from its open to its sealing
position upon rotation of the outer cap from its second to its
first position.
The fixed portion 104 of the inner cap 102 is formed of a circular
plate 121 having a pair of concentric flanges 122 formed about its
periphery for engagement with the open end of the container 106.
The fixed portion 104 is formed with grooves 124 in which the plate
108 is guided. The outer cap 112 is formed with a circular plate
having a flange 123 formed around its periphery and having an
inwardly extending annular ring 125 formed about the distal edge of
the flange 123. The ring 125 is guided in a groove formed between
the end of the outer flange 122 and the surface of the container
106 and the flange 112 rotatably mounts about the periphery of the
outer flange 122. The outer cap 112 is thus rotatable from its
first position defined by the pin 119 pressing the plate 108 to one
end of the grooves 124 over the openings 110, and at which the
orifice 116 is oriented at a position approximately 90.degree. from
the plate 108, to a second position defined by the abutment of a
stop 128 attached to the exterior of the fixed portion 104 and a
stop 129 attached to the interior of the outer cap 112 at which the
orifice 116 is positioned above the closure member 108 in its
sealing position and at which the pin 119 has been moved to a
position to allow movement of the plate 108 to its open
position.
To remove the contents of the container 106 the user must maintain
the outer cap 112 in its second position against the bias of the
spring 118 and manually grasp or manipulatethe edge 114 of the
plate 108 to slide it to its open position. When the user releases
the outer cap 112, the spring 118 will urge the outer cap 112 to
its first position thereby causing the pin 119 to urge the plate
108 to its sealing position.
Referring now to FIG. 14 there is shown a modification which may be
made in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. In the
modification shown, the pin 119 has been modified so that it will
not contact the edge 120, and a spring 131 has been provided to
urge the plate 108 to its sealing position, thereby requiring a
user to maintain the outer cap in its second position against the
bias of spring 118 and the plate 108 in its open position against
the bias of spring 131 before material may be discharged from the
container 106.
Referring now to FIGS. 15 and 16 there is shown a fourth embodiment
of the safety closure generally designated 135 and constructed
according to the present invention. The closure 135 is adapted for
use on an aerosol spray can.
The safety closure 135 comprises an inner cap 136 engageable with
the opening on a container 137. The inner cap 136 comprises a spray
valve assembly 139 having a movable portion or nozzle 140 biased
toward a sealing position. The nozzle 140 is formed with a grasping
surface 141 adapted for manual engagement to move the nozzle 140 to
an open position to discharge the contents from the container 137.
The inner cap 136 also includes a support structure 143 formed with
a passageway 145 aligned to allow manual manipulation of the valve
139 and exit of the spray materials from the nozzle 140. The safety
closure 135 also includes an outer cap 144 slidably mounted on the
inner cap 136 for movement from a first position at which the outer
cap 144 blocks the passageway 145, thereby enclosing the grasping
surface 141 on the nozzle 140 as shown in FIG. 17, to a second
position at which the passageway 145 is not obstructed by the outer
cap 144 thus allowing manual engagement of the grasping surface 141
as shown in FIG. 16 to open the container. A biasing means or
spring 142 is attached between the inner cap 136 and the outer cap
144 to provide a biasing force on the outer cap 144 urging it
toward its first position.
The spray valve assembly 139 is of a conventional type, having a
fixed portion 150 securely attached to the opening of the container
137, and having the nozzle 140 biased by a spring 151 to the
sealing position at which an orifice 155 formed through the nozzle
140 is blocked by a seal 152 positioned between the fixed portion
150 and the nozzle 140. The fixed portion 150 is formed with an
edge to engage a flat surface formed on the nozzle 140 to prevent
rotation of the nozzle 140 relative to the passageway 145. The
nozzle 140 is movable by manually pressing the grasping surface 141
toward the container 137 to the open position at which the orifice
155 in the nozzle 140 is in communication with the interior of the
container 137 to allow discharge of the contents of the container
137.
The structure 143 includes a circular base plate 153 formed with an
orifice for attachment around the opening of the container 137. A
cylindrical wall member 154 extends from the base plate 153 and is
formed with the passageway 145. A circular closure plate 156 is
formed at the end of the structure 143 opposite the plate 153, and
is of a larger diameter than the wall member 154 to provide an
outwardly extending annular ring 157. The outer cap 144 is formed
of a cylindrical member 158 with an end closure 160 and is formed
at one end with an inwardly extending flange 159 slidably mounted
about the wall member 154. The ring 157 and flange 159 guide and
limit the movement of outer cap 144, with respect to structure 143
and provide bearing surfaces for the spring 142.
To operate the valve assembly 139 the user must raise the outer cap
144 to its second position against the bias of the spring 142 and
maintain the outer cap 144 in its second position while the user
manipulates the grasping surface 141 of the nozzle 140 by his
finger to move the nozzle 140 from its sealing to its open position
and discharge the contents of the container 137. Upon removal of
the users finger from the nozzle 140, the nozzle 140 will be moved
to its sealing position by the spring 151, and the outer cap 144
will be moved to its first position by the spring 142.
Referring now to FIGS. 17, 18 and 19, there is shown a fifth
embodiment of a safety closure generally designated 170 and
constructed according to the present invention for use on an
aerosol spray container essentially identical to the spray
container 137.
The safety closure 170 comprises an inner cap 171 engaged with the
opening on the container 137. The inner cap 171 comprises a spray
valve assembly essentially identical to the valve assembly 139
shown in FIG. 15. The inner cap 171 also includes a support
structure 182 formed with a passageway 183 to allow manual
manipulation of the valve 139 and exit of the spray materials from
the closure 170. The safety closure 170 also includes an outer cap
180 rotatably mounted relative to the inner cap 171 for movement
from a first position at which a cylindrical side wall 184 blocks
the passageway 183, thereby enclosing the grasping surface 141 on
the nozzle 140 as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, to a second position
(FIG. 19) at which a passageway 186 formed through the side wall
184 in the outer cap 180 aligns with the passageway 183 to allow
manual engagement of the grasping surface 141 as shown in FIG. 19.
A biasing means or spring 185 is attached between the inner cap 171
and the outer cap 180 to provide biasing of the outer cap 180
toward its first position.
The structure 182 includes a circular base plate 187 formed with an
orifice for attachment around the opening of the container 137. A
cylindrical wall member 188 extends from the base plate 187 and is
formed with the passageway 183. A circular closure plate 189 is
formed at the end of the structure 182 opposite the plate 187. The
wall 184 of the outer cap 180 is sized for rotatable engagement
over the periphery of the wall member 188, and formed at one end
with an inwardly extending annular ring 193 for engagement beneath
the circular base plate 187 of the structure 182. A circular
closure plate 195 is attached to the wall 184 on the end opposite
the ring 193 and is positioned above the closure plate 189. The
outer cap 180 is thus rotatable about the structure 182 and is
limited for rotation between the first and second position by
movement of a stop 197 formed on the inner surface of the plate 195
between a pair of stops 198 formed on the outer surface of the
closure plate 189.
To operate the spray valve 139 a user must rotate the outer cap 180
against the bias of the spring 185 and maintain the outer cap 180
in its second position while moving the nozzle 140 from its sealing
to its open position by manipulation of the grasping surface 141.
When the user releases the outer cap 180 and removes his fingers
from the grasping surface 141 the nozzle 140 returns to its sealing
position under the influence of the spring 151 and the outer cap
will be returned to its first position by the spring 185.
* * * * *