U.S. patent number 3,776,666 [Application Number 05/227,507] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for portable pump.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Deknatel, Inc.. Invention is credited to Philip Ludwig.
United States Patent |
3,776,666 |
Ludwig |
December 4, 1973 |
PORTABLE PUMP
Abstract
An explosion proof portable pumping unit instantaneously
available for pumping flammable fluids. The pumping unit comprises
a housing internally divided into three compartments, a diaphragm
pump mounted within one compartment, an electric motor mounted
within a second compartment and connected to the pump with a shaft
extending through an aperture in the dividing wall, a battery
electrically connected to the motor and mounted within the same
compartment as the motor, a flame-propagation prevention sleeve
concentric around the shaft for preventing a spark originating in
the motor compartment from passing along the shaft into the pump
compartment and causing an explosion therein, and a switch mounted
within a third compartment which is segregated from the other two
compartments for energizing the motor from the battery.
Inventors: |
Ludwig; Philip (Merrick,
NY) |
Assignee: |
Deknatel, Inc. (Long Island,
NY)
|
Family
ID: |
22853361 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/227,507 |
Filed: |
February 18, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
417/411;
417/413.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F04B
43/02 (20130101); F04B 15/00 (20130101); F04B
53/00 (20130101); F04B 35/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F04B
15/00 (20060101); F04B 35/06 (20060101); F04B
53/00 (20060101); F04B 43/02 (20060101); F04B
35/00 (20060101); F04b 017/00 (); F04b
035/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;417/411,413,422,415 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Freeh; William L.
Assistant Examiner: Gluck; R. E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A portable explosion proof pumping unit for pumping a flammable
fluid comprising:
a. a pump;
b. an electric motor for driving said pump;
c. electrical storage means for energizing said motor;
d. a housing comprising an external wall and at least one internal
dividing wall having an aperture therein for dividing said housing
into a first totally enclosed internal compartment and a second
totally enclosed internal compartment, said motor and said storage
means rigidly mounted within said first compartment and said pump
rigidly mounted within said second compartment in operable
alignment with said motor, said pump including inlet and outlet
passageways for pjmping the flammable fluid therethrough, said
inlet and outlet passageways being disposed entirely external of
said first compartment whereby the pumped fluid passing through
said passageways if free of contact with said motor and said
electrical storage means;
e. shaft means connected at a first end to said motor and,
extending through said aperture in said wall, connected at the
other end to said pump;
f. means for preventing the propagation of a flame between said
first compartment and said second compartment along said shaft
means, said prevention means extending through the aperture in said
dividing wall and comprising a sleeve concentric with said shaft
and in closely spaced relation therewith so as to provide an
annular cylindrical chamber between said sleeve and said shaft,
said chamber being in communication with said first compartment and
having a large volume and thin radial thickness; wherein said
aperture provided the only opening into an otherwise completely
sealed said first internal compartment, and wherein said sleeve of
said prevention means has an enlarged bore at the end distal to
said motor;
and bearing means mounted within said enlarged bore of said
prevention means.
2. A pumping unit in accordance with claim 1 wherein said housing
further includes a second internal dividing wall for forming a
third totally enclosed internal compartment, said second wall
providing an air tight seal between said third compartment and said
first and second compartment, and said pumping unit further
comprising a switch electrically connected between said motor and
said storage means for operably controlling the energization of
said motor from said storage means, said switch being rigidly
mounted within said third chamber and having a member operably
connected thereto and extending through the external wall of said
housing for providing means for operating said switch.
3. A pumping unit in accordance with claim 2 wherein said storage
means is electrically rechargeable from an external electrical
power supply and said switch has a position for permitting charging
of said storage means; said pumping unit further comprising an
external charging connection mounted externally onto said housing
and electrically coupled to said storage means through the charging
position of said switch thereby providing an electrical path for
charging said storage means from the external electrical power
supply.
4. A pumping unit in accordance with claim 3 wherein said housing
has a cylindrical well extending inwardly of the outer surface of
said housing and said charging connection is mounted within said
wall; said pumping unit further comprising a removable
explosion-proof connector cover for forming an air tight seal with
said well thereby providing a totally enclosed volume surrounding
said charging connection.
5. A pumping unit in accordance with claim 1 wherein said housing
has an opening into said second chamber and further includes a
ventilation cover for covering said opening, said ventilation cover
having an aperture therein and a screen coverng said aperture.
6. A pumping unit in accordance with claim 1 wherein said pump is a
diaphragm pump including a reciprocable piston eccentrically
mounted at one end to said other end of said shaft such that
rotation of said shaft causes reciprocal motion of said piston.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to pumping units and more particularly to
improvements thereto so as to provide a portable explosion proof
and flame-propagation preventing pumping unit for pumping
potentially explosive or flamable fluids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
There are numerous occasions where lightweight, readily portable,
battery operated pumps are required for pumping explosive mixtures.
One such occasion arises in the field of thoracic surgery when a
vacuum must be maintained in the pleural cavity of a patient so as,
for example, to permit reinflation of the lung contained therein.
Inherent in the requirements for a pumping unit used in surgery are
the necessities for a completely portable pumping unit that can be
taken to the patient, a self contained integrated pumping unit that
eliminates the collection of a plurality of disparate components,
such as a separate pump, electric extension cord and power supply,
thereby creating the unacceptable time delay necessary for
assembling the components, and a pumping unit that is available for
instantaneous operation.
An explosion proof requirement for a vacuum pumping unit used in
thoracic surgery in connection with an underwater drainage
apparatus is disclosed in the Bidwell et al U.S. Pat. Nos.
3,363,626 and 3,363,627. If a patient is under anesthesia, being
administered ether or a related flammable anesthetic, and there is
a puncture wound in the lung, it can be readily seen that the ether
can leak into the pleural cavity, be drawn into the underwater
drainage apparatus and eventually accumulated as an explosive
mixture in the pumping unit. Should a spark subsequently be
generated within the pumping unit, a flame could reach the ether in
the pumping units disclosed in the prior art with a resultant
explosion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention disclosed herein provides a completely portable
explosion proof pumping unit in a relatively compact and
lightweight housing that contains all the components required for
instantaneous operation of the pump. This objective is obtained
through the compartmentization of the housing, the segregation of
the pumping unit components within the compartments and the
provision of a flame-propagation preventing means for preventing a
spark from passing from the motor compartment to the pump
compartment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pumping unit
comprises a pump, an electric motor for driving the pump, an
electrical storage means, such as a battery, for energizing the
motor, a housing for containing the pump, motor and battery wherein
the housing comprises an internal dividing wall, having an aperture
therein, for dividing the housing into a first internal compartment
and a second internal compartment with the motor and the battery
rigidly secured within one compartment and the pump rigidly secured
within the other compartment in operable alignment with the motor.
A shaft extends through the aperture in the dividing wall and is
connected at one end to the motor and at the other end to the pump.
Preventing propagation of a flame along the shaft between the two
compartments is a flame-propagation prevention means that extends
through the aperture in the dividing wall.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be
discussed in or are apparent from the description of the preferred
embodiment of the invention found hereinbelow.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a pumping unit of one
embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic drawing of the electrical wiring
in the pumping unit.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
With reference to the drawing there is depicted an explosion proof
vacuum pumping unit in accordance with the invention. The pumping
unit is comprised of a housing 10 having a handle 11 mounted
thereon by mounting means such as screws 12 and 13, a diaphragm
pump 15, an electric motor 17 operably connected to pump 15 by a
shaft 18, an electrical storage means or battery 19 for energizing
motor 17 and means for preventing the propagation of a flame along
shaft 18 such as elongated sleeve 20. Housing 10 is divided into
three internal compartments, a first or electrical compartment 25,
a second or pump compartment 26 and a third or auxiliary
compartment 27, by a vertical first or forward internal dividing
wall 29 and a vertical second external charging connection 32
mounted on housing 10 and a switch 35 having an externally
assesible operating member 37 for controlling the energizing of
motor 17 from battery 19 or the recharging of battery 19 through
charging connection 32. Protecting charging connection 32 is an
explosion proof cover 40.
The essential advantages of having a small compact pumping unit
that is easily transportable, yet still affords the critical
protection against the propagation of a fire or explosion within
the pumping unit is realized through the housing compartmentation
and the location and arrangement of the elements of the pumping
unit within the various compartments of housing 10. Housing 10 can
be made of, for example, a rigid plastic and has a substantially
rectangular cross section enclosed by a front wall 45, a rear wall
46, a bottom 47, a top 48 and two side panels not shown. Located
along the front of top 48 of housing 10 is a raised section 50 for
receiving pump 15 mounted thereon with mounting means such as
screws 52 and 53.
As mentioned hereinbefore, dividing walls 29 and 30 divide the
internal space of housing 10 into three compartments. Rearward
dividing wall 30 extends vertically between bottom 47 and top 48 of
housing 10 and between the sides of housing 10 thereby forming the
forward wall of auxiliary compartment 27 and providing an air tight
seal between auxiliary compartment 27 and the other two internal
compartments. Forward dividing wall 29 separates electrical
compartment 25 from pump compartment 26 and has an aperture therein
through which shaft 18 extends. Forming the back wall of raised
section 50, forward dividing wall 29 extends downwardly and is
integrally formed with a horizontal platform 55 into a front
section 56 and a rear section 57. The forward end of front section
56 is connected to front wall 45 at a point approximately halfway
between bottom 47 and pump 15 and rear section 57 extends beyond
the abutment with forward dividing wall 29 in a rearward direction
substantially to, but spaced from, rearward dividing wall 30. The
lengths of forward dividing wall 29 and front section 56 of
platform 55 are approximately equal thereby giving pump compartment
26 a substantially square cross section which is defined by forward
dividing wall 29, the upper portion of front wall 45 portion 56 of
platform 55 and pump 15. The electrical compartment 25 has a
substantially "L" shaped cross section which is defined by rearward
dividing wall 30, the lower portion of front wall 45, the forward
portion of bottom 47, forward dividing wall 29 and a portion of top
48.
The location of the elements of the pumping unit in the various
compartments further increases the explosion proof characteristic
of the pumping unit. As mentioned above, pump 15 is mounted on and
forms the top of raised section 50. Extending downwardly into pump
compartment 26 is a pump operating mechanism 60, described below.
Arranged perpendicularly to pump operating mechanism 60 and
longitudinally spaced in a rearward direction therefrom is motor
17, located between top 48 and rear section 57 of platform 55
within electrical compartment 25. Motor 17 is mounted at its
forward end onto a circular flange 62 of sleeve 20 with mounting
means such as screws 63 and 64. Battery 19 is located along the
bottom of electrical compartment 25 beneath pump 15 and motor 17
and is separated therefrom by platform 55, battery 19 occupying
most of the area between platform 55 and bottom 47. Thus, battery
19 provides ballast for the pumping unit by lowering the center of
gravity thereby increasing the stability of housing 10. In
addition, the location of battery 19 maximizes protection against a
fire or explosion, originating within electrical compartment 25,
spreading to compartment 26 because of the cooling effect resulting
from the long tortuous path the flame must follow, which is
described in greater detail below. Further protection against fire
is achieved by locating switch 35 in isolated auxiliary compartment
27 and charging connection 32 in a cylindrical well 95 extending
inwardly of the outer surface of housing 10. Hence, any arcing in
switch 35 or charging connection 32 is retained within auxiliary
compartment 27 or well 95, respectively.
Pump 15 is a standard diaphragm vacuum pump that develops a cubic
foot per minute flow rate and 28 centimeters of water vacuum. Pump
15 is well known in the art and comprises a pumping chamber 77, an
inlet port 78 communicating with pumping chamber 77, an inlet check
valve 79 located in inlet port 78, an outlet port 80 communicating
with pumping chamber 77, an outlet check valve 81 located in outlet
port 80, a flexible diaphragm 82 completely sealing off pumping
chamber 77 from pump compartment 26 and pump operating mechanism 60
which is rigidly attached to diaphragm 82. Pump operating mechanism
60, shown in the drawing at the bottom in the intake stroke of pump
15 in solid lines and at the top in the exhaust stroke of pump 15
in broken lines is comprised of a piston 83 having a base section
84 which is attached to diaphragm 82 and a rod section 85 integral
with base section 84 and extending downwardly and terminating in a
circular member 86. Circular member 86 has an aperture therein for
concentrically receiving a bearing 87 and an eccentric plate 88.
Eccentric plate 88 has an aperture therein through which it is
mounted on shaft 18 and rotated thereby. Mounted on either side of
eccentric plate 88 is a semi-circular balancing disc 89, which is
provided to ensure a smooth reciprocal motion of pump operating
mechanism 60 imparted thereto by the rotation of eccentric plate 88
and shaft 18.
The electrical assembly of the pumping unit comprises motor 17,
battery 19, switch 35, charging connection 32 and a plurality of
conductors, which have not been shown and do not form any part of
the invention. Motor 17 is a standard 6 volt D.C. motor that is
well known in the art. Battery 19 in one embodiment of the
invention comprises 10 nickle-cadmium batteries, each battery
producing a 1.25 volt potential when fully charged, connected in a
series parallel circuit so as to develop 6.25 volts D.C. when fully
charged. Switch 35 is a standard multi-position rotary switch that
is well known in the art. Switch 35 is electrically connected with
appropriate conductors such as conductors 101 and 102, FIG. 2,
respectively to motor 17 and battery 19 for operably controlling
the energization of motor 17 from battery 19 when placed in the
proper position. Switch 35 has a further position for providing an
electrical path through conductor 103 for charging battery 19 from
an external electrical power supply 104 electrically connectable at
charging connection 32. Although not shown in the present
embodiment, the pumping unit can also include rectifier means
electrically connected to charging connection 32 and to switch 35,
thereby providing means for operating motor 17 from an external
A.C. power supply so as to conserve the power stored in battery
19.
External charging connection 32, located in well 95 as described
above is protected by a removable explosion-proof connector cover
40. Cover 40 forms an air tight seal with well 95 thereby providing
a totally enclosed volume surrounding charging connection 32 and
has, in cross-section a substantially arch shape comprising a
cylindrical base section 97 and a truncated conical section 98
integral with base section 97. Base section 97 has a carved out
area for receiving charging connection 32 and has threads on the
outside surface for screwing into corresponding matching threads on
the outside well 95. Conical portion 98 has a screw 99 threaded
therein to which can be attached a cover retaining chain (not
shown), the other end of which can be attached to housing 10.
Motor 17 and pump operating mechanism 60 is cooled by the
circulation of air admitted into pump chamber 26 through an
aperture 72 in a removable face plate 73 located over a larger
aperture in front wall 45 and attached thereto with mounting means
such as screws 74 and 75. A screen 76, located across aperture 72,
prevents passage of foreign objects into pump compartment 26 and
any resultant damage therefrom.
As mentioned above sleeve 20 is concentrically spaced around shaft
18 and is elongated and extends therewith into both electrical
compartment 25 and pump compartment 26. Sleeve 20 is retained in
its longitudinal position between electrical compartment 25 and
pump compartment 26 by means of a retaining ring 68. Sleeve 20 has
a bore completely therethrough which has a diameter such that
sleeve 20, concentrically spaced around shaft 18, provides an
annular cylindrical chamber 69 between sleeve 20 and shaft 18.
Chamber 69 has a length which is at least 20 times the radial
distance between sleeve 20 and shaft 18. Located within the forward
end of sleeve 20 is a bearing 70 for maintaining shaft 18 in
alignment between motor 17 and pump operating mechanism 60.
When pump 15 is operating, the pumped fluid is drawn into pumping
chamber 77. Should a leak develop in diaphragm 82 when and the
pumping unit was pumping a combustible fluid, the fluid would pass
into pump compartment 26 during the exhaust intake and it is
possible that an explosive mixture can accumulate in pump
compartment 26. If a spark should occur in the electrical
compartment it is not possible for this spark to reach the pump
compartment because the flame would be extinguished in chamber 69
due to the small annular clearance between sleeve 20 and shaft 18
and the distance of the path along shaft 18.
In operation, a hose (not shown) is connected between the space in
which a vacuum is to be drawn and inlet port 78. Assuming that
battery 19 is charged, operating member 37 of switch 35 is merely
positioned to the appropriate position to energize motor 17. Motor
17 rotates shaft 18 which, in turn, because of eccentric plate 88,
causes reciprocal motion of pump operating mechanism 60. Should
recharging of battery 19 become necessary, cover 40 is removed and
an external charging power supply is connected at charging
connection 32. Operating member 37 of switch 35 is then
appropriately positioned and battery 19 will commence receiving a
charge.
From the above description it can be seem that there is provided a
readily transportable, lightweight, and explosion proof vacuum pump
that can be used to draw its vacuum in areas containing potentially
explosive fluids. Although the invention has been described in
detail with respect to an exemplary embodiment thereof, it will be
understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that variations
and modifications may be effected within the scope and spirit of
the invention.
* * * * *