U.S. patent number 3,776,592 [Application Number 05/296,996] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for remotely controlled mining machine.
Invention is credited to Alvin L. Ewing.
United States Patent |
3,776,592 |
Ewing |
December 4, 1973 |
REMOTELY CONTROLLED MINING MACHINE
Abstract
A coal mining machine operated by remote control to cut coal
lying in thick or thin seams and to convey the cut coal out of the
shaft cut thereby. The machine can be manipulated to move forward
or rearward and can be directed to the left and right. Cutter bits
in a cutting assembly mounted on the machine frame are moved in a
predetermined path through an angle of 180.degree. as they cut a
first cut and are then elevated and moved back along 180.degree. in
the opposite direction from the first cut to cut a second cut
higher than the first cut. The cutter bits are then lowered to the
original level completing their predetermined path. Both the upper
and lower limits of the cuts can be adjusted and the base upon
which the cutting assembly is connected can be tilted to allow the
cutter bits to follow the contour of the coal seam and have its
predetermined path varied. The machine comprises a main machine
frame mounted on power-driven wheels for movement in forward and
rearward directions; a base pivotably mounted to the frame so that
it can be tilted relative thereto; a turntable rotatably mounted on
the base and carrying a cutting assembly thereon for rotation
through 180.degree., the cutting assembly having cutting bits at
one end capable of being moved upwards and downwards; and a control
system for actuating a motor for rotating the turntable through a
cycle consisting of two opposite and coincident 180.degree.
reciprocations, for actuating a hydraulic cylinder to allow the
cutting assembly to be pivoted so that the cutting bits are moved
to a higher or lower elevation at the end of a 180.degree.
reciprocation, and for actuating the wheels to move the frame
forward after the turntable and cutting assembly have moved through
a complete cycle. Two ammeters measure the current magnitude in the
cutter motor along each half of the cycle and indicate to the
operator on increases of the load imposed on the cutter motor that
the machine is cutting into substances other than coal and that,
therefore, some adjustment is necessary to the path of the cutting
bits at the end of a shaft mounted on the cutter motor.
Inventors: |
Ewing; Alvin L. (Chester,
VA) |
Family
ID: |
23144436 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/296,996 |
Filed: |
October 12, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
299/1.1; 299/30;
299/56; 299/75 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E21C
35/24 (20130101); E21D 9/102 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
E21C
35/00 (20060101); E21C 35/24 (20060101); E21D
9/10 (20060101); E21c 035/24 () |
Field of
Search: |
;299/1,18,30,56,57,64,67,75 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Claims
I claim:
1. An apparatus for cutting coal, the combination comprising:
a machine frame;
driving means for moving said frame in a forward direction;
a base pivotally mounted to said frame;
first means for pivoting said base relative to said frame;
a turntable rotatably mounted on said base;
second means for rotating said turntable relative to said base;
a cutting assembly means pivotally mounted to said turntable for
cutting coal;
third means for pivoting said cutting assembly means to an upper
and lower position;
first control means for actuating said second means to rotate said
turntable in a first and second direction through a cycle
consisting of two opposite reciprocations;
second control means for actuating said third means for pivoting
said cutting assembly means after each reciprocation so said
assembly means cuts in said lower position when said turntable is
rotating in said first direction and in said upper position when
said turntable is rotating in said second direction;
third control means for actuating said driving means for moving
said frame forward after said turntable has moved through a
complete cycle; and
fourth control means for actuating said first means to tilt the
base so the cutting assembly means can cut on a course diagonal to
the plane of the machine frame.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1 and further including
conveyor means mounted to said machine frame for moving cut coal
from said cutting assembly means to the rear of said machine
frame.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said first, second,
third and fourth control means are located remotely from said
machine frame.
4. An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein said second means
includes
a unidirectional rotating motor slidably mounted to said turntable
and having a shaft thereon passing through said turntable;
a gear rigidly mounted to said shaft, and a cam follower rigidly
mounted to said shaft;
cam track means rigidly mounted to said base for receiving said cam
follower; and
a geared track mounted to said base for receiving said gear.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4 wherein said third control
means includes
a valve means mounted on said base and connected to said driving
means; and
an actuating extension means mounted to said turntable and
operative to actuate said valve means on reciprocation of said
turntable through a complete cycle.
6. An apparatus according to claim 5 wherein said second control
means includes
a second valve means mounted to said base and connected to said
third means; and
a second actuating extension means mounted on said turntable and
operative to actuate said second valve means on rotation of said
turntable through one reciprocation.
7. An apparatus according to claim 6 and further including
scoop means mounted to said turntable and extending on both sides
of a portion of said cutting assembly means for pushing coal cut by
said assembly means to said conveyor means; and
sectional conveyor means communicating with said conveyor means for
transferring coal received therefrom to a location remote from said
machine frame.
8. An apparatus according to claim 7 and further including
guide light means mounted on said frame for indicating the
direction of travel of said frame; and
steering means mounted on said frame for altering the forward
direction of travel of said frame.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8 and further including
indicating means connected to said cutter assembly means for
indicating when the cutting assembly means is cutting substances
harder than coal.
10. An apparatus for mining coal, the combination comprising:
a substantially planar machine frame;
a base pivotally mounted to said frame along the longitudinal axis
of said frame;
a turntable rotatably mounted on said base;
means for rotating said turntable relative to said base through a
predetermined cycle consisting of two opposite reciprocations;
cutting assembly means, mounted to said turntable and rotatable
therewith, for cutting coal along a predetermined path; and
means for pivoting said base so said predetermined path is diagonal
to the plane of said machine frame.
11. An apparatus according to claim 10, further including:
means, coupled to said machine frame and responsive to rotation of
said turntable, for advancing said machine frame at the completion
of said predetermined cycle.
12. An apparatus for mining coal, the combination comprising:
a machine frame;
a turntable rotatably coupled to said machine frame;
means for rotating said turntable relative to said machine frame in
first and second directions through a cycle consisting of two
opposite reciprocations;
cutting assembly means, pivotally mounted to said turntable and
rotatable therewith, for cutting coal; and
means, responsive to rotation of said turntable, for pivoting said
cutting assembly means after each reciprocation so said cutting
assembly means cuts in a first path when said turntable is rotating
in said first direction and in a second path when said turntable is
rotating in said second direction, said first path being parallel
to said second path.
13. An apparatus according to claim 12 and further including:
indicating means, connected to said cutting assembly means, for
indicating when said cutting assembly means is cutting substances
harder than coal along said predetermined paths; and
means, connected to said cutting assembly means, for varying said
predetermined paths when said indicating means indicates that said
cutting assembly means is cutting substances harder than coal.
14. An apparatus for mining coal, the combination comprising:
a machine frame;
a base pivotally mounted to said frame along the longitudinal axis
of said frame;
a turntable rotatably coupled to said base;
cutting assembly means, coupled to said turn-table, for cutting
coal along a predetermined path;
means, coupled to said machine frame, for varying the path of said
cutting assembly means;
indicating means, connected to said cutting assembly means, for
indicating when said cutting assembly means is cutting substances
harder than coal along said predetermined path; and
control means for actuating said means to vary said predetermined
path when said indicating means indicates that said cutting
assembly means is cutting substances harder than coal.
15. An apparatus according to claim 14 wherein:
said cutting assembly means includes an electrical motor; and
said indicating means includes means for detecting variation in the
amperage across said electrical motor.
16. An apparatus according to claim 14 wherein said means for
varying includes means, coupled to said machine frame, for pivoting
said base.
Description
This invention relates to a machine for mining coal and more
particularly to a remotely controlled continuous mining machine
which is capable of cutting coal lying in thick or thin seams by
utilizing a control system which can remotely adjust the movement
of the machine and the path of a cutting assembly to follow the
coal seam.
Machines for mining coal are well-known in the prior art. However,
they have proved to be unsatisfactory with regard to safety for the
miners and efficiency of operation. The prior art mining machines,
while being partially automatic, have nonetheless necessitated the
presence of a miner in the proximity of the coal cutting site. This
proximity increases the hazards to the miner because of the
possibilities of explosions or cave-ins. Additionally, the miner's
proximity to the actual cutting site has increased the chances of
the miner breathing in harmful coal dust. While other mining
machines have been remotely controlled, they have not had the
capability of following a relatively thin seam of coal with any
degree of precision and, therefore, unwanted rock, slate and shale
are cut with the coal and from which the coal must later be
separated. This cutting of material other than coal can also be
dangerous due to the fact that sparks are emitted from such cutting
and thereby increases the possibility of a coal dust or gaseous
explosion in the mine. Finally, many of the prior art mining
machines cut a large area of the coal face at one time and require
a large degree of maneuvering to keep them in the cut. This results
in an excessive use of unnecessary power and a reduced efficiency
of operation.
With the above in mind, it is therefore an object of the present
invention to provide a mining machine which will overcome the
drawbacks of the aforesaid prior art machines and to provide a
safer and more efficient coal mining machine.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coal mining
machine which is completely remotely controlled and wherein the
operator of the machine is a safe distance from the cutting
site.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a remotely
controllable coal mining machine which can follow a thin seam of
coal and cut only the coal while avoiding the surrounding rock,
slate and shale.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coal mining
machine which has the cutting bits continuously in contact with the
material it is cutting, and therefore operates efficiently.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a coal mining
machine which can be controlled to cut only coal and not the
surrounding rock and to therefore eliminate the generation of
sparks which might ignite coal dust or mine gases.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a coal
mining machine which may cut a thin seam of coal lying diagonally
to the floor of the mine.
Other objects, advantages and salient features of the present
invention will become apparent from the following detailed
description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings,
discloses a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
In general, the coal mining machine of the present invention
comprises a main machine frame which is supported on hydraulically
driven wheels; a base pivotably mounted on the front of the frame
and tiltable relative thereto by hydraulic cylinders; a turntable
rotatably mounted on the base and reciprocable relative thereto, by
means of a unidirectional motor, through 180.degree. in a first
direction and back through 180.degree. in an opposite direction; a
cutting assembly pivotably mounted to the turntable and carrying
cutter bits at one end, which cutter bits are pivoted in a vertical
direction after each 180.degree. of reciprocation of the turntable;
and a control system for coordinating all of the various movements
of the frame, the base, the turntable, and the cutting
assembly.
Referring now to the drawings, which form a part of this original
disclosure:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a machine in accordance with the present
invention;
FIG. 2 is a side elevation in partial section of the machine of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view, taken substantially along lines 3--3 of
FIG. 1, showing the base pivotably mounted to the frame;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view, taken substantially along lines 4--4 of
FIG. 1, showing the unidirectional motor for rotating the turntable
and the valve for actuating the wheel drive at the end of each
cycle of reciprocation of the turntable;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary elevational view of the valve which
controls the movement of the cutter assembly upwards and downwards
at the end of one-half of the cycle of reciprocation of the
turntable;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the overall control system of the
present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation, in plan, of a mining
operation utilizing the present invention; and
FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a typical coal formation, the main
tunnel and the operating tunnel, taken substantially along lines
8--8 in FIG. 7.
Referring to the drawings in detail, in FIG. 1, the main machine
frame is designated 10 and is in the form of a planar rectangle
having a substantially semicircular extension 12 along the front
side with the mid point of the semicircle coincident with the
longitudinal axis of the rectangular frame 10 and spaced slightly
forward of that side and a diameter substantially equal to one-half
the length of that side. A circular cutout 14 is provided in the
frame 10 having a midpoint coincident with the midpoint of the
semicircular extension 12 and a diameter slightly less than the
diameter of that extension. Located at the rear of the circular
cutout 14 is a rectangular cutout 15 having a length in a direction
transverse to the longitudinal axis of the frame 10 equal to
approximately two-thirds the diameter of the circular cutout 14 and
a width in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
frame equal to approximately one-third the radius of the circular
cutout 14. Receivable in the circular and rectangular cutouts is a
base 16 having a portion in the shape of a disc having a diameter
slightly smaller than the diameter of the circular cutout 14 and
having a portion in the shape of a rectangular extension 17
slightly smaller than the rectangular cutout 15. The base is
pivotably mounted to the main machine frame 10 along the
longitudinal axis of that frame by means of two shafts 18, 18 which
pass respectively through two diametrically opposed upstanding
supports 20 and into suitably drilled bores in an annular collar 22
mounted concentrically to the top of the disc portion of the base
16 along the perimeter thereof, the supports 20 being located on
the longitudinal axis of the main machine frame 10 as seen in FIGS.
1 and 2. Hydraulic cylinders suitably mounted cause the base to
pivot relative to the frame, as will be described hereinafter.
Additionally, the base 16 has a central circular cutout 13 in the
disc portion.
Four substantially rectangularly shaped openings 24, 26, 28 and 30
are provided in the machine frame 10, two just rear of the base 16
and two at the rear of the frame, for partially receiving,
respectively, four driving wheels 32, 34, 36 and 38. The forward
wheels 32 and 34 are supported in their respective cutout openings
24 and 26 by means of upstanding supports 40 and 42 mounted on the
top of the frame on opposite sides of each opening having an axle
or shaft rotatably supported therebetween and rigidly engaging each
wheel. The rear wheels 36 and 38 are supported in their respective
rear cutout openings 28 and 30 by means of two upstanding spaced
supports 46 and 48, each of which is mounted to the top of the main
machine frame adjacent the edges of each rear opening and which
rotatably receive a shaft 50 which is connected at each end to one
of the rear wheels. The wheels support the frame only a few inches
off the ground.Resting on the top of the main machine frame 10
adjacent rear wheel 36 is a first hydraulic motor 52 having a worm
54 connected thereto and engageable with a corresponding wormgear
56 rigidly connected to the rear shaft 50. Actuation of the first
hydraulic motor 52 results in a rotation of the rear shaft 50 and a
concomitant rotation of the rear wheels 36 and 38. A chain belt 58
interconnects two sprockets, one mounted on the rear axle 50 and
the other mounted on the left front shaft 44 of the left front
wheel 32 for transmitting rotation of the rear axle to the front
axle and wheel 32. Similarly, right front wheel 34 is connected to
the rear axle or shaft 50 by means of a chain belt 60 suitably
connected to sprockets on the rear shaft and on the right front
shaft 44.
On the front side of the main machine frame adjacent to and on each
side of the connection of the semicircular extension 12 with the
main machine frame 10 are two hoppers 62 and 64. Each hopper has a
leading edge located just below the plane of the bottom of the main
machine frame extending from the extension 12 to the side edge of
the frame and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof. From
that leading edge each hopper extends rearwardly and upwardly and
converges into and communicates with an elongate conduit 66, the
conduits converging at the rear end of the machine frame 10 with
rear openings 68 therein slightly spaced from each other and facing
downwards. Extending throughout each conduit 66 is an auger 70
having a forward end substantially coincident with the leading edge
of each hopper and a rear end extending slightly out of the rear
openings 68. Interposed between those rear openings is a second
hydraulic motor 72 having a shaft 74 connected thereto with a
beveled gear 76 at its end and facing towards the rear of the
frame. Each auger 70 has a beveled gear 78 on an extension, each of
those beveled gears 78 corresponding to and meshing with the
beveled gear 76. Rotation of the second hydraulic motor shaft 74
results in a rotation of the beveled gear 76 connected thereto and
a concomitant rotation of the beveled gears 78 and the augers
70.
As best seen in FIG. 2, received in a circular slot 80 in the
interior of the collar 22 on the base is a turntable 82 in the form
of an annulus. The turntable 82 is located in the collar 22
parallel to the base 16 such that there is a space defined between
the turntable and the base 16 which supports the collar. As best
seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4, mounted on the base 16 and having a
height less than the space defined between the turntable 82 and
that base 16 is a semicircular cam track 84 having a semicircular
cutout therein formed from two concentric semicircular runs joined
at each end by two small radius curves. The cam track 84 is defined
by the locus of the center of a circle rolling on a 180.degree.
arcuate surface having a thickness. One end of the cam track is
located about 15.degree. to the left of the longitudinal axis of
the frame 10 and the other end is located about 15.degree. to the
right of that longitudinal axis as viewed in FIG. 1. Mounted on the
base 16 within the cutout portion of the cam track 84 and at a
height slightly above that of the cam track is a semicircular
geared track 86 having teeth 88 on the outer surface. An elongated
slot 90 in the turntable, elongated in the radial direction and
having a length equal to substantially one-half the outer radius of
the turntable, receives the shaft 92 of an upstanding
unidirectional hydraulic motor 94 which can slide along the
elongated slot 90 along the top of the turntable by means of a
circular plate 96 thereon receivable in two channels 98 supported
on and parallel to the surface of the turntable and also parallel
to the sides of the elongated slot 90. Rigidly mounted to the shaft
92 of the motor 94 is a gear 100 which engages the teeth 88 in the
gear track 86. On the shaft 92 below the gear 100 is a cam follower
102 in the form of a disc, which cam follower is in contact with
and moves along the cam track 84 as gear 100 rotates in engagement
with track 86. Rotation of shaft 92 in the motor 94 causes the gear
100 to move along the gear track 86 and, because the motor 94 is
rigidly connected to the turntable in an arcuate direction and
capable only of movement in a radial direction thereto, causes a
rotation of the turntable. When the gear 100 reaches the end of one
of the semicircular runs along the gear track 86, the cam follower
102 follows one of the small radius curves of the cam track 84 and
causes the motor 94 to move along the slot 90 and then the gear 100
continues its run on the opposite side of the geared track 86 and
moves the turntable in the opposite direction.
As seen in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, an electrical cutter motor 104 is
pivotally mounted for movement in a vertical plane in the center of
the annular turntable 82 on two upstanding supports 106 mounted
thereto having shafts 108 passing therethrough and connected to the
cutter motor frame 105 upon which the cutter is rigidly mounted.
When the turntable rotates, the cutter motor rotates with it. The
cutter motor frame 105 has a cutter shaft housing 109 integrally
formed therewith at one end which rotatably receives the cutter
shaft 110 therein, the shaft having a cutting head 113 and cutter
bits 112 at its end. The cutter motor, the cutter shaft housing,
the cutter shaft, the cutting head and the cutter bits comprise the
cutting assembly.
On each side of the cutter motor 104 the cutter motor frame 105 has
extensions 114 oriented perpendicular to the turntable 82 and
extending rearwardly of the cutter motor on the side opposite the
cutter shaft 110. Connected between the two extensions 114 is a rod
116 rotatably mounted therein and receiving the piston shaft
associated with the hydraulic cylinder 120. The end of the
hydraulic cylinder 120 opposite the piston shaft is mounted to the
top surface of the turntable 82 by means of suitable plates 122 and
124.
As best seen in FIGS. 1, 3 and 6, a limit assembly 118 is mounted
between the rod 116 mounted on the frame 105 and the supports 126
and 128 mounted on the top surface of the turntable 82. The
assembly 118 is formed from a hydraulic cylinder 115 pivotally
mounted at one end to supports 126 and 128 having a piston 117
contained and movable therein, a piston shaft 119 passing through
the free end of the cylinder and mounted at one end to the piston
and at the other end to a second piston or circular stop 121; and a
cylindrical guide sleeve 123 pivotally mounted at a closed end to
the rod 116 with the other open end movable along the exterior of
the hydraulic cylinder and receiving the circular stop therein. The
circular stop has a seal around its periphery to provide a tight
fit between it and the guide sleeve. The piston inside the cylinder
is spring biased downwards. A replaceable strike plate 125 is
provided at the top of the interior of the guide sleeve at its
closed end for receiving the circular stop when the guide sleeve is
moved downwards.
On a portion of the cutter motor frame 105 extending forward of the
cutter motor 104 at the side thereof is mounted a shaft 130 which
is parallel to the plane of the turntable and which receives the
guide sleeve associated with another, similar limit assembly 132.
The end of the hydraulic cylinder associated with the assembly 132
is supported on the surface of the turntable 82 by means of support
bracket 134.
Actuation of cylinder 120 causes the cutter motor to pivot and the
cutter bits thereon to move upwards or downwards. The assemblies
118 and 132 provide an upper and lower limit, respectively, to the
pivoting movement when the strike plate in each contacts the stop
in each, and also provides a cushioning to the pivoting by means of
air trapped in each guide sleeve between the strike and the stop.
These limits are adjustable, as will be described hereinafter.
As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, two scoops 138 extend along each side of
the cutter shaft housing 109, which scoops are supported on the
turntable by supports 83 and extend from the semicircular extension
12 as far as the cutter bits 112 which are at the end of the cutter
shaft 110. The bottoms of the scoops rest on the floor of the cut
shaft and float thereon because the scoops are loosely mounted to
the supports 83 in a vertical direction by means of elongated
vertical slots therein and bolts loosely fitting into the slots and
securely fitting into the supports 83. Mounted on the front of the
extension 12 and extending around the periphery thereof are a
series of scrapers 136, the bottoms of which also float on the
floor of the cut shaft. The scrapers are mounted the same way as
the scoops.
As seen in FIG. 4, a valve 140 which is connected to the drive
motor 52 is located on the base 16 adjacent the turntable and is
actuatable by an extension 142 which is mounted to the turntable
82. The extension 142 is an elongated plate which is adjustable in
the angular direction and will actuate the valve 140 each time the
turntable is reciprocated through one complete cycle and cause the
frame to move forward a predetermined amount.
As seen in FIGS. 1 and 5, a double-acting valve 144, connected to
the pivoting cylinder 120, is mounted to the base 16 on the rear
support 20 and corresponds to two extensions 146 and 148 rigidly
secured to the turntable 82 and spaced approximately 195.degree.
from each other thereon. Each time the turntable completes a
180.degree. reciprocation, this valve 144 is actuated and causes
the motor 104 to pivot. An on-off switch 267 is mounted on the
valve 144 for actuating ammeters as will be described below.
Located on the rear end of the main machine 10 is a guide light
assembly 150. The assembly comprises a bulb 151 and a semicircular
plate partically covering one side of the bulb and having a slit
145 in the middle and two translucent portions, one on each side of
the slit. One portion 149 is colored red and the other, 147, green.
The slit is in a plane parallel to a vertical plane containing the
longitudinal axis of the frame and the plate is perpendicular to
the plane of the frame. If the machine veers to the left or right,
light from the bulb is transmitted through one of the colored
plates to indicate this. If the machine proceeds on a straight
path, only a white light from the bulb is transmitted through the
slit.
Located along the surface of the main machine frame in various
suitable locations are four trouble lights 152 which can illuminate
the entire machine for inspection.
As seen in FIG. 3, mounted to each of the two supports 40 is a
hydraulic cylinder 160, 162, having pistons movable therethrough
and connected to the rectangular extension of the base 16.
Activation of these cylinders tilts the base relative to the
frame.
Mounted on the frame 10 on the piston shafts of four hydraulic
cylinders 254, 255, 256 and 257, are four guide rollers. On the
left side the left front roller 154 is adjacent the rear of the
hopper 62 and the left rear roller 156 is adjacent the rear of the
frame. On the right side the right front roller 155 and the right
rear roller 157 are located opposite the corresponding left side
rollers. These rollers engage the sides of the tunnel cut by the
machine and can be extended to steer the machine to the left or
right as will be described below.
Supported on each side of the main machine frame 10 and outboard of
the conduits 66 are two hydraulic fluid tanks 164 and 166.
Connected respectively thereto and also mounted on the main machine
frame 10 are two pumps 168 and 170 which are driven by electric
motors 172 and 174, respectively.
As seen in FIG. 1, an endless conveyor belt 180 is positioned
beneath the openings 68 of the augers 70.
As seen in FIG. 7, a main mining tunnel designated 200 has along
the sides thereof a rail or track system 202. Movable therealong is
a launching platform 204 having a centrally located opening 206
therein communicating with a main conveyor 208 located below the
platform 204 and extending along the center of the main tunnel 200.
A control console 210 is located on the launching platform 204,
which console is connected to the machine by an umbilical cord 212
wound on a reel 213 resting on the platform. The mining machine
which cuts an operating tunnel 201 at right angles to the main
tunnel is connected to the main conveyor 208 by a series of endless
conveyors 180.
As seen in FIG. 6, the control console 210, located on the
launching platform 204 is shown in schematic form, and illustrates
the various switches on the console and the valves and motors to
which they are connected, those valves and motors being located on
the mining machine itself in suitable positions.
A conventional single-pole, single-throw on and off switch 220 is
connected to the electrical motor 172 which runs the hydraulic
fluid pump 168 which is further connected to the hydraulic fluid
tank 164. Similarly, a conventional single-pole, single-throw on
and off switch 222 is connected to the electrical motor 174 which
runs the hydraulic fluid pump 170 which is connected to the
hydraulic fluid tank 166.
A single-pole, double-throw on and off switch 224 is connected to
the two-way solenoid valve 226 which valve is connected between the
hydraulic pump 168 and the hydraulic cylinder 115 associated with
the limit assembly 132 so that the hydraulic cylinder 115 may be
activated by the valve 226 to cause the piston therein to move
upwardly under the force of inflowing hydraulic fluid and
downwardly by the force of the compression spring interposed
between the top of the cylinder and the piston as the valve 226
allows fluid to flow from the cylinder. Similarly, single-pole,
double-throw on and off switch 228 is connected to a two-way
solenoid valve 230 which is in turn connected between the hydraulic
pump 168 and the hydraulic cylinder associated with the limit
assembly 118 to activate the piston therein in a similar manner as
assembly 132. As mentioned above, these two assemblies 118 and 132
set the upper and lower elevational limits of the pivoting action
of the cutter assembly as actuated by hydraulic cylinder 120, which
operation will be described hereinafter. Thus, valves 226 and 230
provide for the adjustment of the elevation of the cutter bits.
A single-pole, double-throw on and off switch 232 is connected to a
four-way solenoid valve 234 which has an inlet from the hydraulic
pump 168 and various outlets to respectively move suitable pistons
in the hydraulic cylinders 160 and 162 to change the pitch of the
base 16.
A single-pole, single-throw on and off switch 236 is connected to a
one-way solenoid valve 238 which has an input from the hydraulic
pump 170 and an output to the hydraulic motor 72 which runs the
augers 70.
A single-pole, single-throw on and off switch 240 is connected to
the guide assembly bulb 151. A single-pole, single-throw on and off
switch 242 is connected to the electrical cutter motor 104. Located
between the electrical motor 104 and the switch 242 are two
ammeters 264 and 265 which are selectively actuated by the
energizing of switch 267 by extensions 146 and 148 on the
turntable. A single-pole, single-throw on and off switch 244 is
connected to a one-way solenoid valve 246 which has an input from
the hydraulic pump 170 and an outlet to the hydraulic motor 94
mounted to and capable of rotating the turntable 82.
A single-pole, double-throw switch 250 is connected to a solenoid
valve 251 which is in turn connected between the hydraulic pump 170
and the hydraulic motor 52 running the wheels on the frame and can
provide for forward and reverse movement of the frame by operating
the motor 52 in two directions. This operation is independent of
valve 140.
A single-pole, single-throw on and off switch 252 is connected to
the four trouble lights 152 mounted on the main machine frame 10 to
illuminate the machine.
Connected to the hydraulic cylinder 120 is a double-acting
mechanically actuated valve 144 which is connected to the hydraulic
fluid line leading from the hydraulic fluid pump 170 and which is
actuatable by movement of extensions 146 and 148 located on the
turntable to pivot the cutting assembly to which cylinder 120 is
connected.
Connected to the hydraulic pump 170 is the mechanically actuated
valve 140 which is actuatable by movement of the extension 140
located on the turntable to cause the hydraulic motor 52 to rotate
the wheels supporting the frame.
A single-pole, double-throw switch 260 is connected to a four-way
solenoid valve 261 which is connected between the hydraulic
cylinders 256 and 257, which move the rear guide rolls 156 and 157,
and the hydraulic pump 168.
Similarly, a single-pole, double-throw switch 262 is connected to a
four-way solenoid valve 263 which is connected between the
hydraulic cylinders 254 and 255, which move forward guide rolls 154
and 155, and the hydraulic pump 168.
In a preferred embodiment, the cutter bits 112 are located on the
periphery of the cutting head 113 having a 16-inch diameter, the
cutter shaft 110 has a length of approximately 4 feet and the frame
is 12 feet long and 71/2 feet wide. The forward speed of the frame
is approximately 1 foot per minute and the reverse speed is
approximately 10 feet per minute. With these dimensions, a seam of
coal from 18 inches to approximately 36 inches thick could be
mined. With larger dimensions, a larger seam may be cut.
In order to use the mining machine of the present invention, the
main mine tunnel 200, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, is bored to a
width of approximately 20 feet with the floor of the tunnel being
about one foot below the bottom of the coal seam. The rails 202 are
placed along the side of the main tunnel for receiving the
launching platform 204 which is movable therealong. Preferably, the
top of the platform is in the same plane as the bottom of the coal
seam. The mining machine initially is mounted on the top of the
launching platform with the front of the machine facing one of the
side walls of the main tunnel and the cutter shaft oriented
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main machine tunnel and
therefore at right angles to the front of the mining machine. In
this position, the gear 100 on the shaft of the motor 94 is located
at one end of the geared track 86 and the cam follower 102 is
located at the corresponding end of the cam track 84.
The operator takes his place on the launching platform 204 in front
of the control console 210 and starts the machine by turning on
switches 220 and 222 which energize the electrical motors 172 and
174 which in turn cause the hydraulic fluid pumps 168 and 170 to
pump fluid from the tanks 164 and 166 into the hydraulic lines and
up to the desired pressure.
Switches 224 and 228 are then manipulated to trigger solenoid
valves 226 and 230 which are connected respectively to the
hydraulic cylinders associated with the limit assemblies 132 and
118. These cylinders, in conjunction with their associated pistons,
as mentioned above, provide an upper and lower limit to the
pivoting of the cutter motor 104. In beginning the cutting of a
tunnel the upper and lower limits can be set as desired and usually
are set to provide a lower limit such that the bottom of the cutter
head 113 is parallel to the bottom of the coal seam and the top of
the cutter head is, on being elevated, parallel to the top of the
coal seam.
Switch 232 is then manipulated to activate solenoid valve 234 which
establishes the desired pitch to the base 16 by selectively
admitting hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic cylinders 162 and 160
located on opposite sides of that base. Initially, the base can be
oriented parallel to the machine frame.
After these adjustments have been made, switch 236 is turned to the
on position which activates the one-way solenoid valve 238 which
activates the hydraulic motor 72 to begin rotation of the augers
70.
Switch 240 is then turned on and activates the guide light 151.
Switch 242 is turned on and activates the electrical cutter motor
104 which rotates the cutter bits 112.
The machine is now ready to begin cutting a shaft perpendicular to
the main tunnel 200. The actual cutting is instigated by actuating
the switch 244 which actuates the one-way solenoid valve 246 to
transmit hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic motor 94 which rotates
the turntable carrying the cutter motor and cutter bits relative to
the base 16 by engagement of the gear 100 mounted on the motor
shaft 92 with the geared track 86.
Initially, as stated above, the cutter shaft is oriented parallel
to the longitudinal axis of the main tunnel 200 and, on actuation
of the hydraulic motor 94, the cutter bits begin to cut a
predetermined path by rotating in a clockwise direction as viewed
in FIGS. 1 and 7. As the turntable rotates, the cutter bits in the
cutting assembly engage the wall of the main tunnel and cut a layer
of small thickness therefrom as it rotates through 180.degree. in a
first direction. When the cutter shaft and bits reach the end of
the 180.degree. rotation the extension 148 on the turntable engages
and actuates the valve 144 which allows hydraulic fluid to flow
into the hydraulic cylinder 120 which results in an upward movement
of the cutter bits limited by the assembly 118 which has been set
as described above. Since the hydraulic motor 94 is a
unidirectional rotating motor, the gear 100 on the shaft 92 which
has moved along one side of the geared track 86 moves around the
end of the gear track and engages the other side of the geared
track and causes the motor to move along the other side of that
track. This causes the turntable to rotate or reciprocate in a
second reverse direction through the same 180.degree.. This will
also cause the cutter bits to move therealong and cut through the
coal in the wall adjacent the tunnel along the same 180.degree. but
slightly above the previous path. At the end of the second
180.degree. rotation, the bits move downwards on actuation of
hydraulic cylinder 120 by actuation of the valve 144 by extension
146 mounted on the turntable 82. This ends the movement of the
cutting assembly through its predetermined path.
As the cutting assembly completes its predetermined path consisting
of a cycle of two 180.degree. reciprocations and two movements
vertically, one upward and the other downward, the extension 142
mounted to the turntable engages and actuates the valve 140 which
triggers the hydraulic motor 52 connected to the wheels supporting
the frame. This actuation can be continued for as long as the
extension 142 remains in contact with the valve. This is adjustable
by means of moving the extension along the periphery of the base.
The actuation of the hydraulic motor 52 causes the entire machine
to move forward slightly at which time a new cycle begins and the
cutter bits once again cut coal from the shaft wall. This continues
until a predetermined depth of cut has been reached. If for any
reason the operator of the machine wants to move the entire machine
forward a distance more than that provided by the automatic
actuation by valve 140, switch 250 can be actuated to in turn
actuate the solenoid valve 251 which runs the hydraulic motor 52
forward. Also, since switch 250 can be actuated to reverse the
hydraulic motor 52, actuation of that switch 250 in that manner
moves the mining machine in reverse and out the tunnel back onto
the launching platform 204.
Since the coal is usually lying in a thin seam between slate, shale
and rock on the top and the bottom, as seen in FIG. 8, it is
preferable for the cutting bits 112 to only cut the coal lying
therebetween. If the coal seam is lying parallel to the horizontal
plane of the main machine frame, then the base is not tilted in
either direction and the cutter bits rotate right through the coal
seam. If the coal seam is not lying in the same horizontal plane as
the mining machine frame, then the path of the bits on the cutting
assembly can be tilted by actuation of switch 232 to provide for a
pivoting of the turntable into a plane coincident with that of the
coal seam by suitable actuation of cylinders 160 and 162. The
thickness of the seam itself is taken into consideration by the
upper and lower limits provided to the pivoting of the cutter motor
by the limit assemblies 118 and 132.
In order to ascertain exactly where the plane of the coal seam is
located the ammeters 264 and 265 which are connected to the
electrical cutter motor 104, display on the control console 210 a
change in the amperage across the motor when the cutter bits are
hitting hard shale, slate or rock. At this time the operator can
vary the upper or lower assemblies 118 and 132 by providing or
removing hydraulic fluid therefrom as described above to regulate
the vertical pitch of the cutter shaft or vary the pitch of the
base 16 so that the cutter bits follow the thin coal seam. The
ammeters 264 and 265 are selectively actuated by extensions 146 and
148 on the turntable and switch 267 on the base so that only one is
working on each of the upper or lower runs of the cutter bits. This
allows the operator to known on which run, either upper or lower,
the machine has encountered shale or rock, and therefore allows him
to adjust the machine accordingly. If either of the ammeters
registers a reading higher than normal during an entire run, the
operator knows he must either raise or lower the path of the
cutting bits. If either of the ammeters registers a higher than
normal reading during only a portion of the run, the operator knows
he must tilt the base to follow a diagonal seam of coal.
As the cutter shaft and cutter bits are reciprocating through their
180.degree. of movement, the coal cut from the wall of the coal
shaft falls to the bottom of the cut shaft and is moved to the left
or the right by the scoops 138 mounted on the turntable adjacent
the cutter shaft housing 109. The reciprocation of the turntable
and the scoop moves the cut coal into the hoppers 62 and 64 and
into the augers 70 along which they are conveyed through conduits
66 and back to the endless belt 180. Additionally, the scrapers 136
mounted along the semicircular extension 12 push any coal lying in
front of the machine forward as the machine is activated in the
forward direction at which time the scoops 138 move the coal to the
hoppers.
As the mining machine proceeds forward into the operating tunnel a
plurality of endless belt conveyors 180 are connected behind it
which lead from it to the launching platform 204. Coal moving from
the augers 70 is deposited on the series of conveyors belts 180, is
conveyed to the opening 206 in the launching platform, falls
therethrough, is deposited on the main conveyor 208 in the main
tunnel 200 and is conveyed out the tunnel. The conveyors 180 can
have self-contained motors which can be connected to each other and
a main power source fed to the machine frame from the console. The
conveyor sections 180 are added between the launching platform and
the machine as the machine moves forward until it reaches the limit
of the predetermined depth of the cut. That depth can vary from
100-300 feet as desired.
If during the cutting operation, the machine is veering off to the
left or to the right this will be indicated by a red or green
signal from the guide light 150 and observed by the operator
through a telescope mounted on the console. Hydraulic cylinders
254, 255, 256 and 257 can be activated to vary the position of
rollers 154, 155, 156 and 157 to in turn straighten the course of
the mining machine. Movement of the front rollers to the left and
the rear rollers to the right causes the machine to move to the
right. Movement of the front rollers to the right and the rear
rollers to the left causes the machine to move to the left.
After each operating tunnel is cut and the coal removed therefrom,
the mining machine is moved further along the main tunnel 200 to
cut successive tunnels. Each of the previously cut tunnels can be
filled with rock and debris from the main tunnel to prevent the
possibility of a cave-in.
While one advantageous embodiment has been chosen to illustrate the
invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that
various changes and modifications can be made therein without
departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the
appended claims.
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