U.S. patent number 3,776,428 [Application Number 05/248,603] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for safety closure useable on threaded container neck.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Polytop Corporation. Invention is credited to Robert E. Hazard.
United States Patent |
3,776,428 |
Hazard |
December 4, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
SAFETY CLOSURE USEABLE ON THREADED CONTAINER NECK
Abstract
A so-called safety closure having a closure body, a closure
element mounted on the closure body so as to be movable between
open and closed positions and a locking member mounted on the
closure body so as to be capable of being moved so as to prohibit
movement of the closure element from the closed position and so as
to permit movement of the closure element to the open position from
the closed position can be constructed utilizing an internally
threaded skirt on the closure body and a sleeve on the locking
member in such a manner that the closure can be utilized on a
conventional threaded container neck without significant danger of
the closure being removed from the neck by comparatively young
children or others. Coacting ratchet means only permitting the
entire closure to be screwed or torqued on a container neck are
provided between the closure body and the locking member on the
skirt and on the sleeve.
Inventors: |
Hazard; Robert E. (North
Kingstown, RI) |
Assignee: |
Polytop Corporation
(Slatersville, RI)
|
Family
ID: |
22939830 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/248,603 |
Filed: |
April 28, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/153.09;
222/536; 222/534 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
47/305 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
47/30 (20060101); B65D 47/04 (20060101); B67d
005/32 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/153,532,536,534,538,548,402.11 ;215/9 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Martin; Larry
Claims
I claim:
1. In the combination of a threaded container neck and a closure,
said closure having a closure body, a closure element mounted on
said closure body so as to be capable of being moved between opened
and closed positions and a locking member movably mounted on said
closure body and said closure element so as to be capable of being
moved between a locked and unlocked position, said closure element
being incapable of being moved between said opened and closed
positions when said locking member is in said locked position and
being capable of being moved between said opened and closed
positions when said locking member is in said unlocked position,
said closure body having an internally threaded skirt located
thereon threaded into engagement with said container neck so as to
mount said closure upon said container neck, the improvement which
comprises:
said locking member being rotatably mounted on said closure body so
as to be incapable of linear movement relative to said closure body
and being capable of being rotated between said locked and unlocked
positions,
said closure element being a spout which is rotatably mounted on
said closure body,
said locking member having an opening formed therein,
said spout being capable of being moved through said opening when
said locking member is rotated to said unlocked position, said
opening is aligned with said spout when said locking member is in
said unlocked position, said locking member overlying a part of
said spout so that said opening is not aligned with said spout in
said locked positions so as to preclude rotation of said spout
between said open and said closed position,
said locking member including a sleeve concentric with and
surrounding said skirt,
co-acting ratchet means located on the adjacent surfaces of said
skirt and said sleeve, said ratchet means extending along the
lengths of said skirt and said sleeve,
said co-acting ratchet means engaging one another so that rotation
is transferred from said locking member to said closure body when
said locking member is rotated in one direction relative to said
closure body, such rotation in said one direction being related to
the orientation of the threads on said container neck and threads
on said threaded skirt so that during such rotation in said one
direction said threaded skirt is tightened upon said container
neck,
said closure body or said locking member or both said closure body
and said locking member being formed of a deformable material
capable of temporary deformation during the rotation of said
locking member in a direction which is the reverse of said one
direction to a sufficient extent so that said co-acting ratchet
means will disengage one another without the rotation of said
locking member in said reverse direction being transferred to said
closure body,
such deformation permitting said locking member to be rotated in
said reverse direction between said locked and said unlocked
positions without said closure body being unthreaded from said
container neck.
2. In the combination claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said closure body is formed out of a material which is more pliable
than the material within said locking member.
3. In the combination claimed in claim 2 wherein:
said ratchet means are twisted around the exterior of said skirt
and the interior of said sleeve so as to apply pressure to said
closure body as said closure is twisted in order to thread said
skirt on a container neck.
4. In the combination claimed in claim 1 including:
interengaging means on said locking member and said closure body
for retaining said locking member on said closure body.
5. In the combination claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said co-acting ratchet means extend the entire lengths of said
skirt and said sleeve.
6. In the combination claimed in claim 1 wherein:
said co-acting ratchet means extend the entire lengths of said
skirt and said sleeve,
said closure body is formed out of a material which is more pliable
than the material within said locking member,
said ratchet means are twisted around the exterior of said skirt
and the interior of said sleeve so as to apply pressure to said
closure body as said closure is twisted in order to thread said
skirt on a container neck,
interengaging means on said locking member and said closure body
for retaining said locking member on said closure body.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application relates the co-pending application Ser. No.
235,970 filed Mar. 20, 1972, entitled "Safety Dispensing Closure
With Movable Retainer." The entire disclosure of this co-pending
application is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Increased recognition of the hazards attending to the use of
containers which may be readily opened has resulted in many
manufacturers desiring to utilize so-called safety closures. Such
closures can be loosely defined as closures which can be readily
opend by individuals of a normal mental capacity, but which are
relatively difficult for comparatively yound children and older
individuals of decreased mental capacity to open. It is believed
that the increased adoption and use of such safety closures will
prevent a great deal of damage and injury.
A number of different problems have been encountered in the
development and use of various different types of safety closures.
One of these problems pertains to adapting closure structures of
safety-type character so that they can be satisfactorily employed
on existing container necks and more specifically on threaded
container necks such as bottle necks.
Container manufacturers have significant sums tied up in
appropriate machines, dies and the like for the production of
containers having these threaded necks. Obviously it would be
economically desirable to have safety closures capable of being
utilized with them. In the past, however, such closures have not
been available. In the past it has been considered that safety
closures should not be utilized with containers having threaded
necks because of the ease of removal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A broad objective of the present invention is to fulfill the
indicated existing need for safety closures which can be utilized
satisfactorily with containers having threaded necks. A more
specific objective of the present invention is to provide closures
or safety closures which when utilized on such necks cannot be
readily removed from them. Other objectives of the present
invention are to provide closures as indicated which may be easily
and conveniently manufactured and assembled at comparatively
reasonable costs, which may be readily installed upon containers by
manufacturers utilizing existing types of capping equipment and
which when so installed can be easily and conveniently utilized by
container users without there being significant danger of these
closures being removed from the containers upon which they are
installed.
In accordance with this invention these and various related
objectives of the invention are achieved in a closure having a
closure body, a closure element mounted on the closure body so as
to be capable of being moved between open and closed positions and
a locking member movably mounted relative to the closure body and
the closure element so as to be capable of being moved between
locked and unlocked positions, the improvement which comprises or
includes the locking member being rotatably mounted upon the
closure body, coacting ratchet means located upon the closure body
and the locking member. The coacting ratchet means used permits the
closure body to be torqued or screwed on a container neck when the
locking member is turned in one manner or direction, the coacting
ratchet means being capable of snapping over one another so that
the closure body will not be turned upon a container neck when
turned in another manner or direction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
A summary of this type is inherently incapable of indicating many
features and details of an invention. Such features and details as
well as many advantages of the invention will be apparent from a
careful consideration of the remainder of this specification, the
appended claims and the accompanying drawing in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a presently preferred embodiment or
form of a closure in accordance with this invention installed on a
container neck;
FIG. 2 is a partially cross-sectional view taken at line 2--2 of
FIG. 1 of only the closure shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken at line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
and
FIG. 4 is an exploded view showing two of the three parts of the
closure illustrated in side elevations and showing a third part in
cross-section.
Since the invention set forth in this specification involves
certain intangible concepts or features as expressed in the
appended claims it will be realized that the illustrated closure is
not the invention itself. The illustrated closure is simply a
specific structure embodying these concepts or features. On the
basis of the disclosure embodied within this specification those
skilled in the art of closures will be able to utilize these
concepts or features in other closures which differ from the
illustrated closure in matters of routine engineering design.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the drawing there is shown a closure 10 of the present invention
which includes an integrally formed closure body 12, having a top
14 holding a dependent cylindrical skirt 16. Conventional threads
18 are provided within the interior of this skirt 16. Preferably
these threads are formed so as to be slightly off of desired size
for use on a threaded container neck 17 so that they cannot be
readily turned on such a neck. If desired, they can be provided
with internal nurling 20 intended to provide adequate friction
between them and the container neck.
The body 12 preferably also includes an internal tapered
conventional sealing plug 22 adapted to fit within a container neck
so as to form a seal therewith or another similar conventional
structure. An opening 24 leads through the body 12 into an internal
cavity 26. As described in the Wilson et al. U.S. Pat. No.
2,793,795 snap-in type bearing openings 28 lead from opposed sides
of this cavity 26. These bearing openings 28 are intended to engage
and support aligned axles or trunnions 32 of a spout 34 serving as
a closure element so that a cylindrical surface 36 of this spout 34
is held within the cavity 26 in sealed relationship with a known
sealing ring 38 located within the cavity 26 around an opening
24.
In a closed position of this spout 34 a nozzle portion 40 of it
extends within the cavity 26 in such a manner that the surface 36
seals off the opening 24. In the closure 10 an annular groove 42
which is concentric with the skirt 16 is located in the base of a
peripheral notch 44 in the top 14. This groove 42 is provided with
an internal annular shoulder or lip 46. Another annular groove 48
extending at right angles to the groove 42 is also located so as to
extend from the notch 44 generally adjacent to the top of the
groove 42.
Within the closure 10 a locking member 50 is provided for the
purpose of controlling or regulating the movement of the spout 34
between its closed position as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 of the
drawing in an open position in which the spout 34 extends
vertically. With the described structure the spout 34 can be
rotated between these two positions. This locking member 50
includes a top ring-like structure 52 fitting within the notch 44
and carrying a downwardly extending annular flange 54 fitting
within the groove 42. This flange carries an annular lip 56 which
is adapted to mate with the lip 46 so as to hold the locking member
50 against removal from the closure 10.
The structure 52 also is provided with an internally extending
ring-like flange 58 which normally fits within the groove 48. This
flange 58 is provided with an opening 60 of a width corresponding
to the width of the cavity 26. It will be noted that the groove 48
and the flange 58 are both located a short distance above the
bottom of the cavity 26 so that when the locking member 50 is
turned in a position as shown in FIG. 2 the flange 58 will engage a
lip 62 on the end 64 of the spout 34 in order to hold this spout 34
in a locked position. In this locked position a small tab 66
attached to the end 64 extends across and a short distance beyond
the locking member 50.
This locking member 50 is also provided with a dependent peripheral
sleeve 68 which is concentric with the exterior of the skirt 16.
Coacting ratchet teeth 70 are provided on the adjacent surface of
the sleeve 68 of the skirt 16 so that they are normally in
engagement with one another. Preferably these teeth 70 are twisted
slightly in the same manner in which the so-called "rifling" in a
gun barrel is gradually curved around the axis of a barrel. This
twisting is intended to facilitate manufacturing and to facilitate
the locking member firmly engaging the skirt 16 during the
application of the closure 10 to a container neck. The locking
member 50 also preferably includes on the sleeve 68 a small
internally extending flange 72 which fits underneath the skirt 16
against a sloping bottom 74 of this skirt 16.
Preferably all of the parts of the closure 10 described are
manufactured by comparatively inexpensive injection molding
techniques out of a resilient, somewhat pliable material such as
polyethylene and more particularly out of grades of this polymer
such as are commonly employed in the manufacture of dispensing
closures. It will be realized that other materials having physical
properties which are similar to those of polyethylene may be
employed in the closure 10. Preferably the locking member 50 is
formed of a material as indicated which is harder than or less
pliable than the material utilized within the body 12. This
variation in hardness or pliability can be achieved by an
appropriate selection of different polyethylene polymers or by
appropriate selections of other polymer materials.
When the various parts of the closure 10 are formed of such
materials both the locking member 50 and the spout 34 may easily be
"popped" into or "snapped" into operative positions on the body 12
as the result of temporary material deformation. When this is done,
the locking member 50 will be rotatably mounted on the body 12 so
it can be rotated to an unlocked position in which the spout 34 can
be moved so that the lip 62 will pass through the opening 60 to a
closed position. In such a closed position as illustrated in FIGS.
1 and 2 the locking member 50 may be rotated to a locked position
in which the flange 58 physically engages the lip 62 in such a
manner that the spout 34 cannot be rotated to an open position as
described. However, upon further rotation of the locking member 50
it can be placed so that the spout 34 can be rotated in such an
open position by manually lifting the tab 66. If desired indicia 76
can be added on the closure 10 indicating when the locking member
50 is in such an unlocked position in which the spout 34 can be
rotated between open and closed positions.
The closure 10 is normally installed upon a container neck 17 in
the same generalized manner in which any other closure of a
conventional character is threaded down upon a threaded container
neck. As the closure 10 is applied to such a neck 17, the exterior
of the locking member 50 is engaged and twisted. By virtue of the
engagement of the teeth 70 the torque or twisting applied to the
locking member 50 will be conveyed to the body 12 causing the
threads 18 on the skirt 16 to engage and move with respect to the
corresponding threads on such a neck 17. Normally the locking
member 50 will be twisted in this generalized manner utilizing a
known type of capping equipment which will provide or apply such
force as is necessary to tightly hold the closure 10 upon such a
neck.
Thereafter, the locking member 50 may be rotated in the reverse of
the direction necessary to locate the closure 10 in place upon a
container neck 17 so as to move this locking member 50 between its
unlocked position and various locked positions. During the rotation
of this locking member 50 in such a reverse direction it will
normally be engaged manually at its exterior. During the rotation
of this locking member 50 in this reverse direction the sleeve 68
and/or the skirt 16 will temporarily deform to a sufficient extent
to permit the teeth 70 to ride over one another without causing the
body 12 to be unscrewed from such a container neck 17.
It is preferred that the sleeve 68 and the skirt 16 be formed of
polymer compositions as indicated in the preceding so that the
skirt 16 is more pliable and flexible than the sleeve 68 so that
the principal flexure as these teeth 70 ride over one another will
tend to force the skirt 16 inwardly. Such movement of this skirt 16
in this manner will tend to increase the friction between the skirt
16 and the container neck so as to minimize the possibility of the
body 12 being "backed off of" such a container neck. During
movement of the locking member 50 in a reverse direction as
indicated, engagement between various parts of the unlocking member
50 and various parts of the body 12 will prevent the locking member
50 from being removed from the body 12.
* * * * *