U.S. patent number 3,776,375 [Application Number 05/220,594] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for free-standing blister package.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Packaging Industries Inc.. Invention is credited to Howard A. Rohdin.
United States Patent |
3,776,375 |
Rohdin |
December 4, 1973 |
FREE-STANDING BLISTER PACKAGE
Abstract
A free-standing package of the blister type includes an article
containing enclosure formed of a single piece of self-supporting
plastic material. The enclosure is in two mating sections
integrally joined along a fold line traversing what becomes the
base of the completed package. The free edges of the sections have
flanges which meet when the sections are closed to envelop the
article and the sections are sealed together along the flanges. At
the same time, the initially folded base portion is flattened out
to provide a support for maintaining the package article in an
upright position. The plastic enclosure may be used with or without
a display card.
Inventors: |
Rohdin; Howard A. (Popponnesset
Island, MA) |
Assignee: |
Packaging Industries Inc.
(Hyannis, MA)
|
Family
ID: |
22824147 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/220,594 |
Filed: |
January 25, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
206/459.5;
206/470; 206/463; 206/484; 220/4.23; 220/4.24 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B65D
75/22 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B65D
75/22 (20060101); B65D 75/04 (20060101); B65d
025/54 (); B65d 073/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;206/45.14,45.34,46FR,78R,78B,8A ;220/4E,31S ;229/2.5 ;248/152 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Ross; Herbert F.
Assistant Examiner: Lipman; Steven E.
Claims
I claim:
1. A free-standing package for containing goods comprising an
enclosure having a substantially flat base portion and upstanding
wall portions for enveloping said goods, said enclosure being
preformed from a unitary segment of self-supporting plastic sheet
material in two opposed mating sections integrally joined along a
fold line traversing said base portion, each of said sections
comprising a part of said wall portions and having outwardly
extending flanges formed along free edges thereof, said enclosure
being preformed with said sections opened outwardly of each other
along said fold line and adapted to be closed about the goods by
bringing the sections into contact with each other along their
respective flanges and sealing them therealong, said base portion,
including the fold line, becoming substantially flat and devoid of
projections extending exteriorly of the plane of said base portion
when said sections are closed, said enclosure being capable of
supporting the finished package upright with said base portion
resting on a flat surface.
2. The package of claim 1 wherein said flanges extend continuously
along all of the free edges of each section and are cut adjacent
the ends of said fold line to facilitate closing of said
sections.
3. The package of claim 1 wherein at least one pair of mating
flange portions is laterally extended to provide means for
displaying visual information.
4. The package of claim 1 wherein said flanges are adapted to be
continuously sealed together when said sections are closed about
the goods to complete the enclosure.
5. The package of claim 1 wherein said base portion is preformed
with at least one lateral extension in the plane of the base,
thereby increasing stability of the package when standing in its
upright position.
6. The package of claim 1 wherein the goods to be received by said
enclosure consists of a single article having a predetermined shape
and wherein said sections are preformed with said shape to closely
envelope the outer surfaces of said article with said flanges
meeting in a plane substantially perpendicular to said base and
intersecting said article longitudinally thereof.
7. The package of claim 1 wherein said enclosure is formed from
transparent plastic sheet material.
8. The package of claim 1 wherein said plastic sheet material is
formed with ribs to increase its rigidity.
9. The package of claim 1 further comprising a display card having
a cutout extending through to an edge thereof and shaped to receive
the completed enclosure with said flanges overlaying the card along
the periphery of said opening and said base portion lying along
said edge, said card being secured to said enclosure along said
flanges.
10. The package of claim 9 wherein said card is formed of a single
sheet of material and said flanges are secured to said card on one
side thereof.
11. The package of claim 9 wherein said card is formed of a sheet
of material folded upon itself to provide two layers and said
flanges are secured to said card between said layers.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to the packaging of goods and, more
particularly, to a novel, free-standing package of the blister type
and its method of manufacture.
In recent years, the marketing of consumer goods has been
facilitated by pre-packaging of individual articles or
predetermined amounts of bulk material in plastic containers. Such
containers are inexpensive yet sturdy and capable of being
imprinted with colorful, attractive labels that simplify
identification and promote sales.
One type of such packaging that has become popular is that in which
the article is enveloped in a transparent plastic skin conforming
to its shape and supported by a display card bearing suitable
promotional information. This package is produced by first securing
a thin film of suitable plastic over an opening, or window, cut in
each half of a pre-printed card, forming pockets in the transparent
material, inserting the product, folding the card in half with the
goods appropriately located between sections of the plastic film,
sealing, and applying heat to the plastic to cause it to closely
conform to the contours of the enclosed article.
A similar, but somewhat different form of packaging, employing
preformed plastic blisters, has also come into wide use. This
technique differs from the skin packaging discussed above in that
the plastic enclosure for the article is preformed of a plastic
sheet material having sufficient thickness to be self-supporting.
The preformed blister, with the article enclosed, is then secured
to a display card or to a mating blister to completely enclose the
article. In either case, it is necessary to provide flanges
completely around the periphery of the blister so that the article
may be completely sealed against removal and contaminants.
Conventionally, preformed blister packages are made available to
the consumer either by hanging them on a hook by means of holes
punched in the display card, stacking them in special counter-top
racks designed to support the cards, or by loosely piling them in a
tray or other receptacle. None of these are entirely satisfactory
from a merchandising point of view; it being preferable that the
package be capable of standing by itself in an upright position on
a flat surface such as a shelf or counter-top. In the case of the
type of skin packaging described, this has been accomplished to a
certain extent, but only in connection with products having base
portions of sufficient extent so that they themselves are
free-standing independent of the packaging. Obviously, articles not
having the requisite base portion could not provide free-standing
skin packages.
Although this limited stand-up capability of the skin package
offers this advantage over known blister packages, the blister
package is superior in other respects. Firstly, since it is
self-supporting, it can retain its shape independently of the
article to be packaged and thus is more suitable for packaging
groups of small parts, such as screws, nails, etc. Secondly, the
blister type of package is easier to form, being readily adaptable
to mass production on existing plastic forming machinery, and when
assembled on a card, it does not require the intermediate step of
securing the film over the window in the card as is required with
said skin packaging. Thirdly, since the blister packages are
preformed, and attachment to the display card is effected only
along the peripheral flange, no heat is required to be directly
applied to the blister adjacent the article contained therein, as
is the case in skin packaging.
In addition, the plastic memory characteristic of the films
ordinarily used for skin packaging tends to shrink the film after
formation of the package when the packages are subjected to heat,
such as sunlight in a shop window, radiators, etc., stressing the
skin to a point where it tears, or tends to separate the halves of
the card within which it is secured. Since the preformed blisters
are not so stressed during formation, plastic memory effects are
not a factor. From an esthetic point of view, skin packaging
techniques are inherently incapable of conforming the film
precisely to the product being packaged, especially adjacent
interior corners, while blister packages may be molded to the exact
contours of many products.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the above discussed shortcomings of
both skin and blister packaging and provides a free-standing
package, having the structural, esthetic and economic advantages of
the blister package yet at the same time, enabling products of a
wide variety of shapes to be packaged in a manner permitting
stand-up display, without reliance on the inherent stand-up
capability of the product. These advantages are realized by
preforming the blister enclosure from a unitary piece of plastic
sheet material, of sufficient thickness to be self-supporting, in
such a manner to provide an unbroken base portion which becomes a
substantially flat surface when the package is completed. In
accordance with the invention, this enclosure is obtained by
forming it in two opposed mating sections integrally joined along a
fold line which traverses the base portion. Flanges are formed
along the free edges of each of the two sections to provide means
for securing them together around the product to be packaged. When
the package is completed, the two opposed sections are brought
together about the product leaving the base in flat condition.
The package of the invention is formed by a novel technique in
which a preheated segment of plastic sheet is positioned over a
molding tool which consists of two segments angularly disposed with
respect to each other and meeting in substantially a line contact.
Each half of the molding tool corresponds in shape to one of the
two sections of the finished package enclosure. By disposing the
mold sections at an angle to each other and joining them along a
line, mold surfaces are presented for creating the unbroken base
portion of the package.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the preheated
plastic sheet is conformed to shape of the molding tool by creating
a pressure differential, such as by creating a lower than
atmospheric pressure below the mold, to force the softened sheet
into close contact with the mold surfaces. After cooling, the
formed sheet is removed and trimmed to provide the required
flanges. Thus completed, the sections of the enclosure may be
readily folded towards each other along the fold line traversing
the base portion, which acts as a hinge. This facilitates automatic
filling of the enclosure and the subsequent closing and
sealing.
The present invention thereby provides a package having all of the
positive attributes of blister packaging and yet provides the
free-standing package which heretofore has been available only by
applying skin packaging techniques to articles which were
inherently self-standing. Thus, while with presently known
free-standing packaging techniques, the product has supported the
package and the display card, the present invention provides a
package which itself is free standing and which can retain in an
upright position a product which itself is not self-standing. As
will be appreciated, this enables application of blister packaging
to a wider variety of products than other techniques, including
both rigid articles and bulk products, e.g., powders, liquids, or
small parts, e.g., screws, nails, all of which can be displayed in
a free standing, upright position.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become
apparent from the following detailed description thereof when taken
in conjunction with the appended drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a preformed enclosure according to the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the manner in which a
product to be packaged is inserted in the preformed enclosure of
FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side elevation of the enclosure completed according to
FIG. 2;
FIGS. 4 and 5 are respectively front and side elevations of a
modification of the enclosure of the invention wherein the upper
flanges are extended to provide a display surface;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a preformed enclosure according to
the invention in which the two sections are of different shape;
FIGS. 7 and 8 are respectively front and side elevations of a
modification of the package of the present invention in which the
basic enclosure is secured to a display card;
FIGS. 9 and 10 are respectively front and side elevations of a
variation of the package of FIGS. 7 and 8 in which a double or
folded card is employed;
FIGS. 11 and 12 are respectively front and side elevations of a
modification of the basic enclosure of the invention in which the
base portions are provided with lateral extensions to increase
stability;
FIGS. 13 and 14 are respectively front and side elevations of
modifications of the basic package showing applications of the
invention to containment of products which are not of themselves
capable of standing upright;
FIG. 15 is a partial section through a molding tool illustrating
the method of the invention; and
FIGS. 16 and 17 represent respectively male and female molding
tools capable of use in the method of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Turning now to FIG. 1, the basic package according to the present
invention comprises an enclosure 20 preferably formed of a plastic
sheet material of sufficient thickness to be relatively rigid and
self-supporting, as contrasted with the films employed in skin
packaging. Although by no means intended as limiting, ordinarily
such materials would have a minimum thickness of from 5 to 6 mils,
although it may be possible in some applications to use even
thinner sheets. Suitable plastics may be selected, for example,
from among the polystyrenes, acetates, butyrates, propionates and
vinyls, as well as others. If desired for added rigidity, the
plastic sheet material may be ribbed or otherwise configured.
The enclosure 20 is formed from a unitary piece of plastic sheet
material into sections 22, 24 which are integrally joined along a
fold line 26 traversing the base portion 28. The sections 22 and 24
are formed with a shape most appropriate to the goods to be
packaged therein and for purposes of example only, are shown as
being cylindrical. It will be understood that an almost infinite
number of shapes may be applied to the sections 22, 24, either
closely conforming to the shape of the package product or
completely independent thereof. Moreover, as will be discussed
hereafter, it is quite practical to have the two sections differ in
shape from one another if required by the particular packaging
problem.
Each of the sections 22, 24 is provided with respective flanges
32,38 extending continuously along the free edges of the respective
section. As will be explained hereinafter, these flanges provide
sealing surfaces by means of which the enclosure may be completed
about the product to form the finished package. To facilitate
flexing of the hinge line of the two sections, the flanges may be
punched, cut, perforated, or slit in the vicinity of the ends of
fold line 26, as indicated at 34. The upper ends of the cylindrical
enclosure sections illustrated are designated by the numerals 40,
42, respectively.
FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the manner in which the enclosure is
assembled to form the finished package. The article to be packaged,
designated by the numeral 44, is first inserted in one of the
sections, such as 24, which normally would be retained in a jig
having an opening for supporting the enclosure. Once inserted, the
other section 22 is closed upon the section 24 by rotating it about
the fold line 26 in the base portion 28 as indicated by the arrow.
Closure of the two sections brings respective flanges 32 and 38
into contact with each other over the entire periphery of the
enclosure. To finish the package, the flanges are secured to each
other such as by adhesives or heat sealing. This completely seals
the product since the base portion 28 is unbroken. As shown in FIG.
3, the completed enclosure is capable of free-standing in the
upright position on its now substantially flat base portion 28.
In packaging of the type described herein, it is often desirable to
incorporate in the package an advertising or display message
calculated both to catch the eye of and inform the consumer. In
accordance with one aspect of the present invention, this may be
simply accomplished by merely extending the respective flanges 32
and 38 outwardly of the article-enclosing portions thereof.
In FIGS. 4 and 5, the upper ends of the flanges are extended as
indicated at 33 and 39, respectively, to provide the display
surfaces. Suitable printing or art work may be applied directly to
the plastic surfaces or alternatively, a printed card or paper
sheet may be inserted between the flanges before sealing to provide
the required information. Although the package of FIGS. 4 and 5 is
free-standing on its base portion 28, a hole 41 may be provided in
the flange extensions to enable hanging of the package when
circumstances require.
FIG. 6 illustrates a modification of the invention in which the
section 24 of the enclosure differs in shape from the section 22;
in this case being a flat surface. In the illustrated example, this
provides a semi-cylindrical finished package when completed, with
the fold line 26 traversing the base portion along the straight
edge thereof. As indicated hereinabove, the invention is
susceptible of application to a virtually infinite number of shapes
of articles to be contained and the shapes of the sections 22 and
24 may be varied accordingly. It is required only that suitable
flanges be provided along the free edges of each of the two
sections which will contact each other when the two sections are
folded to complete the package. In the case of the example of FIG.
6, the flange on the section 24 is formed by the peripheral portion
of the planar section 24.
If it is desired to secure the basic enclosure of the present
invention to a display card, this may be readily accomplished in
several ways. Referring to FIGS. 7 and 8, the completed enclosure
20 is secured on one side of a single thickness card 50 by
cementing or heat sealing it to the card along its flanges 32, 38.
As in the embodiment of FIG. 4, a hole 51 for hanging the completed
package may be provided.
In the embodiment of FIGS. 9 and 10, a double thickness card 52 is
employed to enable concealment of the flanges between the layers
which may be formed either by two individual card sections or a
single folded card. This provides a somewhat more pleasing
appearance, since the flanges are hidden from view. Again a hole 53
may be provided in the card to enable hanging of the completed
package. In both embodiments employing display cards, the card
edges extending in the plane of the base 28 serve to enhance
stability of the package.
To increase the intrinsic stability of the basic enclosure itself,
the base portion may be formed with lateral extensions as shown at
28a in FIGS. 11 and 12. As will be appreciated, these extensions
effectively increase the base area to provide greater support for
the package. The extensions may be of any appropriate shape to suit
particular applications and, if adequate for a given package
requirement, a single extension may be formed on one side only of
the base.
As indicated hereinabove, a particular advantage of the
free-standing capability of the present package is that it can
support, in upright position, articles which inherently are not
capable of standing upright. This capability is illustrated in
FIGS. 13 and 14 wherein the enclosure is shown adapted to support a
product such as a tube of toothpaste. Such articles normally have a
relatively sharp edge at their lower ends which are obviously
incapable of supporting the tube in an upright position. When,
however, it is supported in the basic enclosure of the present
invention, the enclosure itself, being free-standing, serves to
maintain the tube in an upright position, thus enabling it to be
displayed on a countertop or shelf surface. Where necessary, to
increase the rigidity of the enclosure or to retain an article
securely positioned within the enclosure, ribs may be formed
interiorly of the enclosure sections, as indicated at 62 in FIGS.
13 and 14. Such ribs would be of particular advantage where the
article to be packaged is relatively heavy.
The foregoing represents but a few of the many variations of
packages that may be provided in accordance with the present
invention. In many cases, the blisters may be formed to closely
conform to the shape of the article to be contained therein and may
be of a clear plastic to permit direct viewing of the product.
However, in some applications, such as in the packaging of bulk
materials, it may be desirable to prevent direct viewing of the
contents. In such cases, an opaque plastic may be used, and if
desired, printing or other graphics may be applied directly to the
plastic of the enclosure, eliminating the need for a display card.
Moreover, it may be generally desirable, in the packaging of
single, rigid articles, to dimension the enclosure such that it
firmly holds the article against twisting or movement. This would
insure, for example, that a label on the article is always properly
presented to view where the package enclosure is transparent.
As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the manufacture
of the basic enclosure described above presents a difficult problem
to the plastic packaging fabricator. Specifically, the base portion
28 must be formed so that it is substantially flat in the completed
package and it must be of sufficient strength and rigidity to
contain the article to be packaged without rupture. A method for
forming such a package enclosure according to the present invention
is illustrated schematically in FIG. 15.
A supply of suitable thermoplastic sheet material is heated and the
softened sheet is then fed to a position adjacent the molding tool
76.
The molding tool comprises a pair of segments 78,79 which, in the
case of a male tool, are reversed in shape from the sections 22, 24
of the enclosure to be formed. These segments are axially aligned
with respect to one another but angularly disposed in the plane
perpendicular to the plane of the sheet material adjacent it. As
indicated, the two segments meet each other substantially in a line
contact 80.
To conform the plastic sheet material to the shape of the molding
tool, a pressure differential across the plastic sheet is created,
such as by establishing a partial vacuum beneath the mold elements.
This may be accomplished by providing distributed holes 82 in the
molding tool along the edges of the mold elements 78, 79 as well as
along the line 80, and coupling the lower ends of the holes to a
vacuum source. In the illustrated tool 76, the mold elements are
mounted on the surface of a hollow chamber which is coupled by
conduit 84 to a suitable vacuum pump. When the sheet material is
properly positioned adjacent the molding tool, the vacuum pump is
energized to draw the softened material onto the mold elements and
to conform it with the shape thereof.
Once allowed to cool, the plastic sheet will set in the shape
provided by the molding tool and then may be removed and trimmed,
if necessary, to provide the desired flanges. By providing means to
draw the web in towards the line 80 of the mold elements, a fold
line is formed in the plastic sheet material across what becomes
the base 28 of the package, without creating a flange or parting
line which would interrupt its flatness. It has been found,
moreover, that the described technique does not unduly stress or
thin out the sheet material in the vicinity of the base and the
resulting package retains its structural rigidity. Once trimmed,
the preformed enclosures may be nested and stacked in preparation
for the filling and closure operation.
The shapes of the mold elements 78 and 79, to create a cylindrical
enclosure, are illustrated more clearly in FIG. 16. FIG. 17
illustrates a female version of the mold elements, showing the
disposition of the vacuum holes 82 for drawing the plastic sheet
into conformity with the two mold elements. Similar holes are
provided in the male mold of FIG. 16.
Although described only schematically, it will be understood that
the process is readily adaptable to mass production in accordance
with modern automatic techniques available to the packaging
industry.
Moreover, it will be apparent that many modifications and
variations within the spirit of the present invention will occur to
those skilled in the art and the scope of the invention is to be
limited only by the appended claims.
* * * * *