U.S. patent number 3,776,095 [Application Number 05/196,087] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for weapon conversion bolt assembly device.
Invention is credited to Maxwell G. Atchisson.
United States Patent |
3,776,095 |
Atchisson |
December 4, 1973 |
WEAPON CONVERSION BOLT ASSEMBLY DEVICE
Abstract
A conversion bolt assembly for a hand carried weapon having
automatic and semi-automatic or semi-automatic only modes of
operation. The bolt assembly includes a tube having a fixed back
plate on one end and longitudinally extending slots to permit
spreading of the other end of the tube for assembly of the internal
components. The internal components include a bolt having a firing
pin and ejector assembled thereon, a recoil mechanism, an extractor
affixed to the tube, and a trip for automatic operation actuable by
the bolt. An external gas deflector is affixed to the bolt on a
guiding projection extending through one of the slots in the tube.
A removable cartridge barrel is provided at the other end of the
tube.
Inventors: |
Atchisson; Maxwell G.
(Marietta, GA) |
Family
ID: |
22724064 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/196,087 |
Filed: |
November 5, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
89/128; 42/16;
42/77; 89/197; 89/199; 42/49.02; 89/149; 89/198 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41A
11/02 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F41A
11/00 (20060101); F41A 11/02 (20060101); F41d
011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;89/128,149,194,197,199
;42/75B,77 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bentley; Stephen C.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A bolt assembly for converting a firearm for firing cartridges
of a first caliber to the firing of cartridges of a second caliber
by merely replacing the bolt of the firearm, wherein the firearm is
of the type having a receiver, said assembly comprising a tube of
resilient material having a flattened side and being insertable in
the receiver, a first longitudinal slot in said flattened side
extending substantially the length of said tube, the edges of said
slot forming a bolt guide, a bolt slidably positioned in said tube
and having a projection extending through said slot, plate means on
said projection external of said tube, said bolt and plate means
forming a pair of opposed slots guided by said bolt guide, a second
longitudinal slot in the side of said tube opposite said flattened
side and extending substantially the length of said tube, a back
plate affixed in one end of said tube, whereby said tube forms a
U-shaped spring, a chamber barrel member, means for releasably
holding said chamber barrel member in the other end of said tube,
said chamber barrel comprising means for receiving cartridges of
the second caliber, said assembly being adapted for fitting into
the receiver of the firearm.
2. The bolt assembly of claim 1 in which said tube has a plurality
of transverse holes in the other end thereof, and said releasable
holding means for said chamber barrel member comprises a plurality
of lug means on said chamber barrel member positioned to engage
said apertures, whereby said chamber barrel member may be assembled
and disassembled by spreading apart the sides of said tube.
3. The bolt assembly of claim 1 wherein said bolt has a
longitudinally extending firing pin slot aligned with said first
slot in said tube, and said plate means covers the external side of
said firing pin slot.
4. The bolt assembly of claim 1 wherein said bolt has a
longitudinally extending ejector slot in a side thereof opposite
said first longitudinal slot of said tube, said tube having a
transverse slot adjacent said second longitudinal slot therein, and
wherein said bolt assembly further comprises an ejector mounted in
said transverse slot and having an ejector blade slidably extending
into said ejector slot.
5. The bolt assembly of claim 4 wherein the edges of said
transverse slot form knife edges, and the sides of said ejector are
shaped to conform to said knife edges for holding said ejector
rigidly in said tube, whereby said ejector may be assembled and
disassembled in said tube by the spreading of said other end of
said tube.
6. The bolt assembly of claim 1 further comprising a trip slidably
positioned in said tube between one surface of said bolt and the
inside surface of said tube adjacent said second longitudinal slot,
said trip having a central aperture, said bolt having a projection
extending into said central aperture for engaging one edge of said
aperture upon movement of said bolt toward said chamber barrel
member at a predetermined position.
7. The bolt assembly of claim 1 wherein said bolt has a
longitudinally extending bore, and said assembly further comprises
recoil spring means extending from said back plate into said bore,
said bore having a shoulder engaging said spring for urging said
bolt toward said chamber barrel member.
8. The bolt assembly of claim 1 wherein said plate means further
comprises a transversely extending gas deflecting projection.
9. A bolt assembly for converting a firearm fireable in automatic
and semi-automatic modes for firing cartridges of a first caliber
to the firing of cartridges of a second caliber by merely replacing
the bolt of the firearm, wherein the firearm is of the type having
a receiver, said assembly comprising an elongated tube of resilient
material having a pair of opposed slots longitudinally extending
substantially the entire length of said tube, back plate means at
one end of said tube, whereby said tube forms a U-shaped spring the
other end of which may be sprung apart, a chamber barrel member,
means releasable upon the spreading apart of said other end of said
tube for releasably holding said chamber barrel member in said
other end of said tube, and bolt means slidably mounted within said
tube, said chamber barrel comprising means for receiving cartridges
of the second caliber, said assembly being adapted for fitting into
the receiver of the firearm.
10. The bolt assembly of claim 9 wherein said elongated tube has a
plurality of apertures in the other end thereof, and said means
releasably holding said chamber barrel member comprises lug means
on said chamber barrel member positioned to engage said
apertures.
11. The bolt assembly of claim 9 wherein the end of said chamber
barrel member extending from said tube has the shape of a cartridge
casing of a first caliber, and said chamber barrel member has an
inner bore shaped to conform to a cartridge of a second
caliber.
12. The bolt assembly of claim 9 wherein said bolt means has two
generally D-shaped side portions engaging the inside of said tube,
a bridge member joining said side portions and having an extension
extending through one of said longitudinally extending slots in
said tube, a longitudinally extending firing pin slot in said
bridge member extending through said projection, and gas deflecting
plate means externally of said tube and covering said firing pin
slot, whereby said gas deflector and bolt means form a pair of
opposed slots guided by the sides of said one slot of said tube,
and a firing pin in said firing pin slot.
13. The bolt assembly of claim 12 wherein said D-shaped sides of
said bolt means extend further in the direction away from said
chamber barrel than said bridge, and wherein said firing pin is
mounted to permit movement into the space between said D-shaphed
sides beyond said bridge to permit engagement therein with a
hammer.
14. The bolt assembly of claim 12 wherein said bolt means further
has a longitudinally extending ejector slot on the side thereof
toward the other longitudinally extending slot of said tube, said
tube further having a transverse slot adjacent said other slot
therein, and said bolt assembly further comprises an ejector member
releasably clamped between the edges of said transverse slot and
having an ejector blade slidably extending into said ejector slot
of said bolt means.
15. The bolt assembly of claim 12 further comprising a recoil
spring bore longitudinally extending in one of said D-shaped sides
of said bolt means, and wherein said bolt assembly further
comprises a recoil spring assembly extending from said back plate
and into said bore for urging said bolt means toward said chamber
barrel.
16. The bolt assembly of claim 12 further comprising a trip member
slidably positioned in said tube between said bolt means and the
inside of said tube adjacent to the other of said longitudinally
extending slots in said tube, said trip means having a central
aperture, a projection on said bolt means extending into said
aperture in said trip means for engaging one edge thereof upon
movement of said bolt to a position at a predetermined distance
from said chamber barrel.
17. The bolt assembly of claim 16 further comprising an ejector
slot in said bolt means, and ejector means fixedly mounted to said
tube and having ejector blade means extending slidably into said
ejector slot, said ejector being positioned to form a stop for said
trip means in the direction toward said chamber barrel.
18. A bolt assembly for a firearm comprising a tubular member
having a pair of opposed longitudinally extending slots and plate
means closing one end of said tubular member, said tubular member
being of a resilient material whereby said tubular member forms a
U-shaped spring, bolt means slidably mounted within said tubular
member, a transverse slot in said tubular member at one of said
longitudinal slots, the edges of said transverse slot having knife
edges, and an ejector member mounted in said transverse slot and
having recesses that mate with said knife edges for holding said
ejector in said transverse slot, said ejector having an ejector
blade means extending into said tubular member and positioned in
cooperative relationship with said bolt for the ejection of
cartridge cases from said tubular member.
19. A bolt assembly for converting a firearm for firing cartridges
of a first caliber to the firing of cartridges of a second caliber
by merely replacing the bolt of the firearm, wherein the firearm is
of the type having an automatic sear, said bolt assembly comprising
a tubular member having a longitudinal slot extending substantially
the entire length of said member, a bolt slidably mounted within
said tubular member, a trip member slidably mounted in said tubular
member adjacent said slot, said trip member having a rectangular
recess adjacent said slot with one end of said recess forming
automatic sear engaging means, said bolt having a projection
extending into said rectangular recess for engaging the other end
of said recess at a predetermined position of said bolt, said
assembly being adapted for fitting into the receiver of the
firearm.
20. A bolt assembly for converting a firearm for firing cartridges
of a first caliber to the firing of cartridges of a second caliber
by merely replacing the bolt of the firearm, wherein the firearm is
of the type having a receiver, an automatic sear extending into
said receiver and operatively coupled to a hammer, and a charging
handle extending in said receiver and having a bolt engaging
projection, said bolt assembly comprising a tube having a first
longitudinal slot extending substantially the entire length of said
tube and forming an opening into which the automatic sear and
hammer may operatively extend, a second opposed longitudinal slot
in said tube extending substantially the entire length of said
tube, means connecting one end of said tube to constitute the same
as a U-shaped spring, said second longitudinal slot in said tube
forming a bolt guide, a bolt slidably positioned in said tube and
having a projection extending through said second slot, and plate
means on said projection outside of said tube and positioned to
operatively engage the bolt engaging projection of the charging
handle, said assembly being adapted for fitting into the receiver
of the firearm.
21. The bolt assembly of claim 20 further comprising a back plate
in one end of said tube, said bolt having a longitudinally
extending bore, and recoil spring means in said tube extending from
said back plate into said recoil spring bore for urging said bolt
toward the other end of said tube.
22. The bolt assembly of claim 21 wherein said back plate includes
a projection extending beyond said tube for aligning said bolt
assembly in said receiver.
23. The bolt assembly of claim 21 further comprising chamber barrel
means, and means for releasably holding said chamber barrel means
in the other end of said tube.
24. The bolt assembly of claim 23 wherein said tube is formed of a
resilient material whereby the sides of the other end on opposite
sides of said longitudinal slots may be sprung apart to permit
assembly and disassembly of said bolt and chamber barrel through
said other end.
25. The bolt assembly of claim 24 in which said tube has a
plurality of transverse apertures in said other end, and said means
for releasably holding said chamber barrel therein comprises lug
means on said chamber barrel for engaging said apertures.
26. The bolt assembly of claim 24 in which said bolt has a pair of
generally D-shaped side portions engaging the insides of said tube
and the end of said bolt toward said chamber barrel being connected
by a bridge, thereby providing a space between the other ends of
said D-shaped sides into which said hammer operatively extends,
said bridge having a longitudinally extending firing pin slot
extending into said projection of said bolt and being covered by
said plate means.
27. The bolt assembly of claim 26 wherein the side of said bolt
facing said first slot of said tube is flat, further comprising a
trip member slidably positioned in said tube between said flat side
of said bolt and the inside surfaces of said tube, said trip having
a rectangular recess with one edge thereof being positioned to
engage said automatic sear, said bolt further having a projection
extendinG into said rectangular recess for engaging an opposite
edge of said recess at a predetermined point in the movement of
said bolt toward said chamber barrel.
28. The bolt assembly of claim 27 wherein said bolt comprises a
longitudinally extending ejector slot, and further comprising an
ejector member fixedly mounted with respect to said tube and having
an ejector blade slidably extending into said ejector slot.
29. The bolt assembly of claim 26 in which said tube has an
ejection port, and said bolt has an extractor slot longitudinally
extending therein, further comprising an extractor lever pivoted in
said extractor slot for engaging the rim of a cartridge case for
ejection through said port.
30. A bolt assembly for converting a firearm firable in automatic
and semi-automatic modes for firing cartridges of a first caliber
to the firing of cartridges of a second caliber by merely replacing
the bolt and magazine of the firearm, wherein the firearm is of the
type having a receiver, an automatic sear extending into said
receiver and operatively coupled to a hammer, a charging handle
extending into the receiver and having a bolt engaging projection,
and a gas tube extending into the receiver for automatic and
semi-automatic operation of the bolt, and wherein said firearm
further includes a recoil spring and buffer at the rear of the
receiver; said bolt assembly comprising a tube insertable in said
receiver and having a fixed back plate for engaging the buffer and
recoil spring assembly of the firearm, a cartridge barrel held in
the other end of said tube and having an outer end portion in the
shape of a cartridge of said first caliber and an inner bore of the
shape of a cartridge of said second caliber, whereby the buffer and
recoil spring assembly of said firearm urge said bolt assembly into
the breach of said firearm, said tube having an upper slot and a
lower slot, a bolt slidable within said tube and having a
projection extending through said upper slot, gas deflector plate
means externally of said tube and affixed to said projection for
effecting the movement of said bolt away from said chamber barrel
in response to firing gases ejected into said receiver from said
gas tube, a recoil spring assembly in said tube for urging said
bolt toward said chamber barrel, a trip slidably mounted in said
tube under said bolt, said trip having a rectangular recess with
one edge thereof positioned to engage said automatic sear, a
projection on said bolt for engaging an opposite edge of said
recess at a predetermined position in the movement of said bolt
toward said chamber barrel, a slot in the end of said bolt away
from said chamber barrel, whereby said hammer can move into said
slot in said bolt, a firing pin slot extending longitudinally in
said bolt, and a firing pin positioned therein and adapted to
extend into said space.
31. The bolt assembly of claim 30 wherein said tube is of a
resilient material and forms a U-shaped spring thereby permitting
assembly of the internal components of said bolt assembly in said
other end of said tube.
Description
This invention relates to hand carried fire arms of the type
adapted for automatic and semi-automatic operation, and is more
particularly directed to the provision of a conversion bolt
assembly and magazine for readily adapting a conventional weapon
for the firing of ammunition of the type for which it was not
originally designed.
In the past, it has been proposed to provide conversion devices for
readily converting conventional weapons for the use of ammunition
not normally acceptable by the weapon. There may be any of a number
of reasons for the desirability of providing such conversion units.
For example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,355,417 through U.S. Pat. No.
1,355,422 of John T. Pedersen disclose a conversion bolt assembly
for readily converting a high power repeating military bolt action
rifle for the semi-automatic firing of automatic pistol ammunition.
The resultant device required modification of a standard military
rifle, and since it was directed primarily to the conversion of a
repeating bolt action rifle, the design employed is not readily
adaptable to modern automatic/semi-automatic military rifles.
While other modification packages have been proposed that are more
adaptable to weapons employed at this time, in general, such
modification packages have been costly to produce and utilize.
The present invention is particularly directed to the modification
of M-16 series assault rifles of the type employed by the United
States Army. It will be obvious, of course, that the structures and
concepts hereinafter disclosed may also be employed in combination
with other weapons of similar operating features without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The standard ammunition for an M-16 rifle is a 5.56mm cartridge.
There are many occasions, however, when it may be desirable to
employ other ammunition. For example, in the initial training of
recruits, it may be more desirable to employ less expensive
ammunition, and since many recruits are totally unfamiliar with
high powered weapons, a gradual adjustment to such weapons by
employing a a low powered subcaliber weapon may be beneficial to
the overall process of familiarization with the weapons during
training. It is also desirable on many occasions, for example in
training, to employ lower cost cartridges. For example, the cost of
.22 rim fire cartridges may be less than 10 percent of that of the
standard 5.56mm cartridges.
While the barrel of a standard M-16 rifle is especially adapted for
the 5.56mm military cartridges, the bore may be employed for the
firing of any of a number of bullets having nominal .22 caliber.
The chamber dimensions of the M-16 rifle, however, are not adapted
for the firing of smaller ammunition, such as .22 LR ammunition,
and consequently the concept of employing such smaller ammunition
in a standard high powered weapon is feasible only with
modification of the weapon, if the use of separate small caliber
training weapons is to be avoided. It is further to be noted that
the high powered standard ammunition for M-16 rifles is not
desirable when the weapons are to be fired in indoor ranges, and in
many cases adequate outdoor ranges for training and practice
purposes are not available. In addition, the adaptation of a
standard rifle to the firing of smaller ammunition may have
advantages in some special military projects, such as in
clandestine warfare. The subsonic .22 L.R. bullet may be silenced
with a supressor, wherein the high velocity supersonic 5.56 mm
bullet cannot be silenced due to the supersonic "crack."
If a standard military highpowered rifle is to be converted, there
are a number of considerations which must be considered if the
conversion is to be effective. For example, the conversion should
be accomplished as simply as possible, and not require basic
modification of the standard weapon. In addition, it is desirable
for any conversion devices to be as inexpensive and simple as
possible, and be readily and easily servicable. It is further
desirable that a converted weapon have substantially the same
characteristics in firing and use as the standard weapon, in order
that training in the use of a converted weapon leads naturally to
familiarization with unconverted devices.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a conversion
bolt assembly that is readily adaptable for use on a standard
rifle, and that provides the above recited characteristics
necessary to the effective conversion of a highpowered fire arm.
According to the invention, a rifle, preferably of the type
adaptable for automatic and semi-automatic modes of operation, is
adapted to the firing of a smaller and lower powered ammunition, by
providing a unitary bolt assembly that may be easily and readily
substituted for the standard bolt assembly in the weapon. Further
in accordance with the invention, the only other modification
required for conversion of the standard weapon, is the insertion by
standard technique of a magazine assembly adapted to carry the
smaller ammunition.
According to the invention, the conversion bolt assembly consists
of a tube formed of a resilient material such as cold rolled steel.
A backing plate is permanently affixed in one end of the tube. The
tube has upper and lower longitudinally extending slots, so that
the other end thereof may be readily sprung apart to permit
assembly of the components in the tube. A recoil spring assembly is
provided within the tube, abutting the back plate, and cooperating
with a sliding bolt in the chamber. The sliding bolt carries a
firing pin, and an extractor mechanism. An ejector device is
removably affixed to the tube, and has an ejector blade extending
into a slot in the bolt. A short cartridge barrel is removably
affixed in the other end of the tube, providing therein a chamber
for the smaller ammunition. In order to enable automatic operation,
a slide is provided in the tube, which cooperates with the standard
automatic sear in the weapon itself. The sliding bolt has a
projection for engaging the trip for the automatic sear.
The conversion bolt assembly is shaped so that its insertion in the
weapon requires only the simple removal of the standard bolt and
replacement by the conversion bolt assembly, and the operation of
the weapon in the normal fashion is not affected by employing the
conversion bolt assembly. The device is self contained, and does
not employ the weapons normal buffer and recoil spring in
operation, nor does it require removal of such buffer and recoil
spring from the standard weapon.
According to a feature of the invention, the short chamber barrel
is provided with a pair of lugs for engaging holes in the end of
the tube. This permits ready assembly and disassembly of the
chamber barrel, as well as the opening of the end of the tube for
disassembly of the remaining components. In addition, such
construction permits some movement between the chamber barrel and
the tube to compensate for manufacturing tolerances in misalignment
between the chamber and the bolt recess in the receiver of the
weapon.
By providing a back plate on the tube, and employing a recoil
spring assembly within the tube, the recoil may be designed in
accordance with the ammunition which is to be employed with the
device. It is thus not necessary to provide any modification of the
recoil spring of the weapon itself, and the recoil spring and
buffer of the weapon cooperate with the conversion bolt assembly to
continually urge the chamber barrel of the conversion unit against
the chamber of the weapon to prevent the escape of gas during
firing.
Further, in accordance with the invention, the upper portion of the
tube is formed with flat "bent-in" sections forming guide ribs for
the upper slot. These guide ribs engage slots in the bolt for
guiding the bolt, as well as forming stiffeners for the receiver
tube. A projection on the bolt extending through the upper slot in
the tube is connected to an outer gas deflector, which cooperates
with the charging handle of the weapon in the manual operation of
the bolt, the deflecting of firing gases from striking a shooter,
and in urging the bolt backward as a result of gas pressure during
firing for automatic and semi-automatic operation. The gas
deflector may also serve as a cover for the firing pin slot in the
bolt, to prevent dirt from entering the slot.
The ejector is preferrably rigidly held in the tube by means of
knife edges forming the edges of a transverse slot in the tube, so
that the ejector can be removed by downward force on the ejector,
thereby camming the sides of the tube apart. The ejector is
preferably spaced in the tube to serve in addition as a barrier for
forward travel of the trip for the automatic sear.
In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, the
automatic trip is in the shape of a "window frame," the central
aperture thereof cooperating with a downward projection on the bolt
for the necessary movement of the trip. Since the trip does not
reciprocate completely with the movement of the bolt, this
arrangement avoids undesirable addition of weight to the recoiling
members of the device and the weapon. In addition, this form of
trip requires no complicated mounting slots or pins, since it is
simply held in assembly by the inside walls of the tube.
The modified magazine assembly employed with the conversion bolt
assembly of the invention may be of standard configuration for the
weapon, merely being adapted to hold and feed the smaller
ammunition.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a side view of a conventional weapon of the form in which
the device of the present invention may be employed;
FIG. 2 is a partially cross-sectional view of a portion of the
weapon of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the components of a bolt
assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a partially cross-sectional view of a portion of a weapon
corresponding to that shown in FIG. 2, but in which the bolt and
magazine have been replaced by a conversion bolt assembly and
modified magazine according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the assembled tube and back plate of the
assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a right side view of the assembly of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the assembly of FIG. 5;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 6 taken
along the lines 8--8;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG. 6 taken
along the lines 9--9;
FIG. 10 is a partially cross-sectional end view of the assembled
buffer, recoil spring and recoil spring guide of FIG. 3 taken along
the lines 10--10 of FIG. 11;
FIG. 11 is a partially cross-sectional view of the assembly of FIG.
10 taken along the lines 11--11;
FIG. 12 is a top view of the bolt of the assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 13 is a right side view of the bolt of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a bottom view of the bolt of FIG. 12;
FIG. 15 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the bolt of FIG.
12 taken along the lines 15--15;
FIG. 16 is an end view of the left end of the bolt of FIG. 12;
FIG. 17 is an end view of the right end of the bolt of FIG. 12;
FIG. 18 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the bolt of FIG. 13
taken along the lines 18--18;
FIG. 19 is a transverse cross-sectional view of the bolt of FIG. 12
taken along the lines 19--19;
FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a bolt taken
along the lines 20--20 of FIG. 17;
FIG. 21 is a top view of the chamber barrel of the assembly of FIG.
3;
FIG. 22 is a right side view of the chamber barrel of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is an end view of the left end of the chamber barrel of
FIG. 22;
FIG. 24 is an end view of the right end of the chamber barrel of
FIG. 22;
FIG. 25 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the chamber barrel
of FIG. 21 taken along the lines 25--25;
FIG. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a modification of the chamber
barrel of FIG. 25 taken along the lines 26--26;
FIG. 27 is a side view of a firing pin of the assembly of FIG.
3;
FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the firing pin of
FIG. 27 taken along the lines 28--28;
FIG. 29 is a side view of the trip of the assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 30 is a top view of the trip of FIG. 29;
FIG. 31 is an end view of the left end of the trip of FIG. 29;
FIG. 32 is an end view of the right end of the trip of FIG. 29;
FIG. 33 is a right side view of the ejector of the assembly of FIG.
3;
FIG. 34 is a top view of the ejector of FIG. 33;
FIG. 35 is an end view of the right end of the ejector of FIG.
33;
FIG. 36 is a partially cross-sectional view of a portion of an
assembled bolt assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 37 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the bolt of FIG. 36
taken along the lines 37--37, and including in dashed lines the
relative position thereof with respect to the charging handle slot
of a weapon including the device;
FIG. 38 is a partially cross-sectional view of a modified magazine
which may be employed in combination with the conversion bolt
assembly according to the invention;
FIG. 39 is a side view of the magazine assembly of FIG. 38;
FIG. 40 is a top view of the magazine assembly of FIG. 38;
FIG. 41 is a partially cross-sectional top view of the bolt
assembly according to the invention, illustrating a cartridge in
place in a chamber barrel preparatory to firing;
FIG. 42 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the assembly of
FIG. 41 illustrating the relationship of the components shortly
after firing; and
FIG. 43 is a partially cross-sectional view of a portion of the
assembly of FIG. 42 illustrating the ejection of the cartridge
casing shortly after the position of the components as illustrated
in FIG. 42.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE CONVERSION BOLT ASSEMBLY
Referring now to the drawings, and more in particular to FIG. 1,
therein is illustrated a typical conventional weapon which may
employ the conversion device according to the invention. The
illustrated weapon is a standard M-16 rifle, and includes an upper
receiver 50 hinged to a lower receiver 51 at a pivot pin 52. A
removable pin 53 extends through the lower receiver to hold the
upper receiver 50 in place. A charging handle 54 at the rear of the
upper receiver is provided for charging the device, and for
removing the bolt 55 when the upper receiver is swung free of the
lower receiver. Automatic and semi-automatic operation of the
weapon is achieved by means of a gas tube 56 (illustrated in dash
lines in FIG. 1) extending from a forward portion of the barrel 57
to the receiver. A removable ammunition clip 58 is inserted in the
lower receiver.
The portions of the weapon of FIG. 1 which are of interest in the
detailed explanation of the present invention are illustrated in
simplified form in cross-section in FIG. 2. This Figure illustrates
the upper receiver 50 having a hinge aperture 65 for receiving the
hinge pin 52, and a downwardly extending boss 66 having an aperture
67 for receiving the retaining pin 53. The gas tube 56 extends
through the front of the upper receiver 50 and enters a gas chamber
68 for affecting the backward movement of the bolt upon the firing
of a round. The bolt 55, upon firing, moves backwardly into the
gunstock 69 (FIG. 1) against the action of a recoil spring 70 and
buffer 71 in the stock. The charging handle 54 slidably extends
into the upper receiver, and carries a projection 74 which engages
a projection 72 on the bolt upon rearward movement of the charging
handle 54, to affect the manual charging of the weapon. The
charging handle 54 also has an elongated internal slot 73 for
clearance of the bolt during operation of the weapon. An automatic
sear 75 of conventional nature is provided in the lower receiver
according to the conventional practice. The sear 75 is operated by
the bolt 55, for catching an upper hook 78 of the weapons hammer 77
during automatic operation of the device. In semi-automatic
operation the trigger mechanism (not shown) of the device catches
the lower hook 79 of the hammer.
In order to remove the bolt assembly 55 from the receiver in the
device of FIGS. 1 and 2, the take down pin 53 is removed, after the
weapon is cleared, and the upper receiver 50 is swung away from the
lower receiver about the pivot pin 52. The charging handle 54 may
then be pulled in a rearward direction, so that the flange 51
engages the flange 72 on the bolt assembly, thereby pulling the
bolt assembly out of the receiver. FIG. 2 also illustrates a
cartridge 76 in firing position in the firing chamber of barrel 57.
The magazine 58 is held in the lower receiver, by means not
illustrated, so that cartrides are fed from the top of the magazine
upon forward movement of the bolt 55.
The components of the conversion bolt assembly according to the
present invention are illustrated in the exploded perspective view
of FIG. 3, and in assembled form in the partially cross-sectional
view of FIG. 4. Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, the conversion bolt
assembly is comprised of a tube 85 having a back plate 86 secured
therein at its rearward end. The back plate 86 may be held in the
tube 85 by any conventional means, such as for example, by brazing.
The combination of the tube 85 and back plate 86 is more clearly
illustrated in FIGS. 5 through 9.
Referring now to FIGS. 5 - 9, the lower portion of the tube 85 is
circular, and the upper portion has a flattened surface 87 through
which a slot 88 extends for the entire length of the tube. An
ejection port 9 is provided on the right hand side of the tube in
the forward portion thereof. A pair of pin holes 90 are provided on
opposite sides of the tube at the forward end thereof. In addition,
a slot 91 extends from the forward end of the bottom of the tube to
the proximity of the rearward end. (The noted directions in the
description of the device refer to the position of the structure
with respect to their position in an assembled weapon) A transverse
slot 92 is provided in the bottom of the tube adjacent the rear end
of the ejection port 89, and a further transverse slot 93 is
provided in the bottom of the tube rearwardly of the slot 92. The
back plate 86 generally conforms to the internal shape of the tube
85, and has an upward projection 95 extending above the flat upper
surface 87, the sides of the projection 95 being grooved to receive
the rear portions of the surface 87. The back plate 86 may be
provided with a central aperture 96.
The tube 85 is preferably formed of a resilient material, such as
cold rolled steel, so that the forward ends of the tube may be
sprung apart without the use of tools, due to the provision of the
opposed slots 88 and 91 thereby permitting assembly and disassembly
of the other components of the bolt assembly of the invention in
the forward end of the tube. In other words, the tube forms a
U-shaped spring member. The flattened surfaces 87 on the upper side
of the tube may be formed as two "bent-in" sections, and these
bent-in sections form guide ribs on opposite sides of the slot 88
for guiding the bolt, as will be explained in more detail in the
following paragraphs. In addition, the two bent-in portions of the
tube act as stiffeners for the tube, to make the tube rigid and
strong with the resultant prevention of distortion. Furthermore,
the bent-in sections permit clearance between the conversion bolt
assembly according to the invention and the lower portion of the
charging handle 54 of the weapon, while still maintaining
sufficient material for adequate strength in the region of the tube
85 above the ejection port 89. The projection 95 on the back plate
86 is shaped to enter the bolt carrier-key recess in the upper
receiver of the weapon, thereby orienting the device in the upper
receiver during assembly. As will be explained more fully in the
following paragraphs, the lower slot 91 forms an opening for the
magazine, the hammer, and the automatic trip, during operation of
the device.
Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, a buffer block 100, for example
of a polyurethane material, is provided in the rear of the tube
abutting the back plate 86. The block 100 is provided with an
aperture 101 through which a recoil spring guide 102 surrounded by
a recoil spring 103 extend. The rear end of the recoil spring guide
may be enlarged to retain the end of the spring 103. This
sub-assembly is more clearly illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11.
Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, a bolt 110 is assembled in the
tube 85 for longitudinal sliding movement therein. The
configuration of the bolt is more clearly illustrated in FIGS.
12-20.
Referring now to FIG. 3 and FIGS. 12-20, the bolt is a unitary
member having a generally D-shaped right hand side 111 and
generally D-shaped left hand side 112 for slidably engaging the
interior of the tube 85, the forward portions of the D-shaped
members 111 and 112 being joined by a bridge 113, so that a space
145 exists between the rear portions of the D-shaped members for
clearing the hammer of the weapon. A central longitudinally
extending firing pin slot 114 is provided in the upper portion of
the bridge 13, and a longitudinally extending ejector slot 115,
displaced from the center of the bolt, is provided in the lower
portion of the bridge 113. A longitudinally extending recoil spring
bore 116 is provided in the left hand D-shaped member 112, the
front of the bore having a reduced diameter portion 117, as shown
in FIGS. 17 and 20, the portion 117 having a diameter to permit
passage therethrough of the recoil spring guide, with the shoulder
between the bore 116 and the portion 117 serving as a front stop
for the recoil spring 103 (see FIG. 3).
Referring again to FIGS. 12-20, a cover detent recess 120 is
provided in the side of the right hand D-shaped member 111, and a
transverse firing pin retaining pin bore 121 extends through the
bolt from the recess 120 through both D-shaped members 111 and 112
and the bridge 113. One end of the bore 121 may be enlarged, as
shown at numeral 122 in FIG. 19 for retaining the head of a pin. A
longitudinally extending extractor slot 125 is provided in the
right hand D-shaped member 112 extending from the front end of the
bolt, but preferrably not extending for the full length of the
bolt. As illustrated in FIGS. 17-19, the slot 125 extends in a
plane passing through the center of the bolt, and may extend from
the outside of the bolt at a slightly downward angle. An extractor
pin bore 126 extends transversely of the slot 125 in the right hand
D-shaped member 111, as illustrated most clearly in FIG. 19. The
upper end of the bore 126 may be enlarged at 127 for retaining the
head of an extractor pin. An extractor spring hole 128 extends
partially through the bolt from the extractor slot 125 rearwardly
of the extractor pin bore 126. As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 36 a
longitudinally extending bore 130 is provided in the rear of right
hand D-shaped member 111, this bore only extending partway through
the bolt. As illustrated in FIG. 12, a transverse aperture 131 is
provided in the rear of the D-shaped member 111 extending through
the bore 130.
Still referring to FIGS. 12-20, the upper portion of the bolt has a
flat surface 135 conforming to the flat inner shape of the top of
the tube 85, for slidably engaging the inner surface of the tube,
and the bridge 113 has an upwardly extending portion 136 which is
adapted to extend through the slot 88 of the tube 85. The central
portion of the front of the bolt is provided with a clearance 138
for the head of a cartridge. The lower portion of the bolt also has
flattened surfaces 139 for engagement with the upper surface of a
trip device to be more fully explained in the following paragraphs,
the rear portion of the bolt having a downwardly extending portion
140 with front edges 141 for engaging the slot of the trip device.
The forward central portion of the bottom of the bolt may be
recessed, as shown at 143, to provide clearance for the top of the
magazine. The rear edge 144 of the bridge 113, which engages the
hammer of the weapon during recoil, may be bevelled at the bottom,
as shown in FIG. 15.
Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, the bolt 110 is assembled in the
tube 85 with the recoil spring guide 102 and the recoil spring 103
extending through the bore 116 of the bolt. A chamber barrel 150 is
removably held in the front of the tube 85, for example by means of
retainIng lugs 151 adapted to extend through the holes 90 in the
sides of the tube. The lugs 151 may be in the form of pins inserted
in pin holes in the chamber barrel. The chamber barrel is more
clearly illustrated in FIGS. 21-26, wherein it is seen that this
element is comprised of a rear block portion 154 shaped to be
received in the front end of the tube 85, and a front portion 155
in the shape of a cartridge of the type adapted to be normally
employed in the weapon in which the conversion device of the
invention is to be employed. As illustrated in FIGS. 21-24, the
lugs 151 extend from opposite sides of the block portion 154, while
the cross-sectional view of FIG. 26 illustrated pin holes 153 which
may be employed for holding the lugs. The lugs 151 are preferably
not easily removable from the chamber barrel. The upper portion of
the block 154 has an upwardly extending alignment portion 152 for
engaging the slot 88 of the tube 85. The side of the chamber barrel
150 is provided with a bevelled slot 156, aligned with the
extractor slot 125 of the bolt, and the rear end of the chamber
barrel is provided with a lower feed ramp 157. Referring to FIGS.
25 and 26, a bore 158 extends longitudinally within the chamber
barrel 150. The rear portion 159 of the bore 158 is shaped to fit a
cartridge of the type adapted to be fired in the weapon when the
conversion device of the invention is employed, and the front
portion 166 of the bore 158 forms a short barrel for a bullet of
the caliber to be employed with the weapon employing the conversion
bolt. Since the diameter of the bullet employed with the conversion
device is essentially the same as that fired in an unconverted
weapon, there is a relatively smooth transission between the
portion 166 of the chamber barrel 150 and the rifled bore of the
barrel 57 of the weapon illustrated in FIG. 1.
The chamber barrel 150 is adapted to be assembled in the end of the
tube 85 by merely spreading the ends of the tube and inserting the
chamber therein until the assembly snaps together with the holes 90
engaging the lugs 151. This arrangement permits some movement
between the chamber barrel and the tube, thereby compensating for
manufacturing tolerances so that the chamber barrel 150 may be
firmly held in position in the chamber of the weapon. Other
advantages of the invention will be pointed out in the following
paragraphs.
Referring again to FIG. 3, a firing pin 160 is assembled firing pin
slot 114 of the bolt 110. As shoWn in FIGS. 27 and 28, the firing
pin is comprised of an elongated plate shaped to fit the slot 114,
the front 161 of the firing pin having reduced dimensions to form a
generally rectangular end 162 adapted for firing engagement a
cartridge. As shown in FIG. 4, the conversion device specifically
disclosed herein is adapted for firing rim fire cartridges, so that
the lower portion of the end 162 engages the rim of a cartridge 163
in the chamber of the chamber bore 150 during firing. A transverse
slot 164 is provided in the firing pin 160 (as shown in FIGS. 3, 4
and 27) for receiving a firing pin retaining pin 165 which extends
through the retaining pin bore 121 of the bolt. The slot 164 is
elongated to permit slight forward and reverse movement of the
firing pin in the bolt. As illustrated in FIG. 4, when the firing
pin is in its rearmost position, it projects slightly into the
space 145 between the two D-shaped members 111 and 112 of the bolt.
The hammer 77 of the conventional weapon may thus be triggered to
move into this space to strike the end of the firing pin, and hence
to fire the weapon.
Referring again to FIGS. 3 and 4, a sliding trip 170 is provided in
the tube 85, with the upper flat surface of the trip 170 slidably
engaging the lower flat surface 139 of the bolt. As illustrated in
FIGS. 29 through 33, the trip 170 has a flat upper surface, with a
rectangular central aperture 171 as shown in the top view of FIG.
30. The aperture 171 is shaped so that the downward projection 140
of the bolt extends therethrough. The sides of the trip 170 are
shaped to slidably conform to the lower inside surface of the tube
85. A downward projection 172 is provided at the rear of the trip,
the projection 172 being shaped to extend through the lower slot 91
in the tube 85, for cooperation with the automatic sear 75 provided
on the standard weapon. In other words, as illustrated in FIG. 4,
the automatic sear 75 extends into the aperture 171, so that the
rear edge 174 of the aperture 171 can engage the automatic sear.
The front edge of the projection 172 is bevelled to cam the
automatic sear out of the way when the upper receiver of the weapon
is closed on the lower receiver during conversion of the weapon.
The front edge 175 of the rectangular aperture in the trip, as will
be described in more detail in the following paragraph, is adapted
to be engaged by the front edge 141 of the downward projection 140
of the bolt, when the bolt is moved to its forward position. The
top of the front web 176 of the trip may be concave, as illustrated
in FIG. 32.
The trip 170 thus forms a connector between the short bolt of the
conversion device according to the invention, and the automatic
sear of the weapon. Due to the "window frame" construction of the
trip, the trip is easily assembled and disassembled in the
conversion bolt assembly, and no complicated mounting slots or pins
need be employed to hold it in position, since it slides between
the inside of the tube 85 and the lower edges of the bolt, with its
forward movement being inhibited by the ejector, as will be
discussed in more detail in the following paragraphs. As will be
apparent, the trip 170 does not reciprocate during operation of the
weapon, with the bolt.
Referring again to FIG. 3, an ejector 180 is mounted in the bottom
of the tube. The ejector 180 is more clearly illustrated in FIGS.
33 - 35, wherein it is seen that the ejector is formed of a
mounting base 181 and an ejector blade 182. The base 181 is formed
to fit in the slot 92 of the tube 85, and thus has lower side
portions 183 conforming to the outer circumference of the tube 85.
The edges of the slot 92 of the tube 85 are formed as knife edges,
as seen in FIG. 37, and the sides of the ejector 180 are formed
with recesses 184 which match the knife edges of the tube. The
length of the base 181 conforms to the length of the slot 92. The
ejector blade 182 extends upwardly from the base 181 and into the
ejector slot 115 of the bolt 110 to permit relative sliding
movement therein. The forward upper edge of the ejector blade 182
is formed to serve as an ejector for a cartridge case being
extracted during operation of the device.
The above described structure for the ejector provides a number of
advantages. The ejector is rigidly held in the tube by the knife
blades formed at the edges of the slot 91. In order to remove the
ejector from the tube, the ejector may be pushed downwardly, so
that the knife edges of the tube are cammed outwardly to permit
downward removal of the ejector. The ejector may be assembled in
the tube by spreading the ends of the tube apart, without the
necessity for employing tools. The ejector is thus held rigidly in
the assembly inside of the weapon, yet may easily be assembled and
disassembled. As above stated, the ejector 180 also serves as a
forward stop for the trip 170.
Referring again to FIG. 3, an extractor 190 is assembled in the
extractor slot 125 of the bolt. The extractor 190 is a lever
pivoted by means of an extractor pin 191 extending through the
extractor pin bore 127 in the bolt 110. The front end of the
extractor 190 is provided with a hook 192 for engaging a shell
casing, and an extractor spring 193 in the extractor spring hole
128 urges the rear end of the extractor 190 generally outwardly of
the device, thereby urging the hook 192 into latching engagement
with the edge of a shell casing. When the bolt is in the foremost
position, the front hook 192 of the extractor enters the slot 156
of the chamber barrel 150 to engage the cartridge.
Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a gas deflector 200 is permanently
affixed to the top of the bolt 110. The gas deflector 200 is
comprised of a flat plate 201 mounted on top of the projections 136
of the bolt, thereby covering the firing pin slot 114 as seen in
FIGS. 36 and 37) and inhibiting dirt from entering the slot 114. An
upward projection 202 at the rear of the gas deflector forms a gas
barrier inside the recess 73 of the charging handle, as seen in
FIG. 4, so that gas entering the chamber from the gas tube 56 urges
the bolt 110 backwardly and deflects the gas from being discharged
to the rear of the receiver, and thereby striking the operator. The
gas deflector 200 is wider than the slot 88 in the tube 85 so that
it forms the top surfaces of guide slots in the bolt assembly for
the bolt, as defined by the flat upper surfaces 135 of the bolt,
projections 136 of the bolt, and the lower edges of the gas
deflector 200 as shown more clearly in FIG. 37. The front edge 203
of the gas deflector extends forwardly of the bolt, and as
illustrated in FIG. 4, cooperates with the front projection 74 on
the charging handle for drawing the bolt 110 rearwardly, and for
extracting the conversion device when the upper receiver is swung
open as previously described. The gas deflector may be affixed by
any suitable means, such as brazing, to the top of the bolt.
Referring again to FIG. 3, suitable weights, such as cylindrical
front weight 210 and cylindrical back weight 211 are assembled in
the bore 130 in the back of the bolt, the weights being separated
by a polyurethane disk 213. The weights are held in place by a
weight retaining pin 214 inserted in aperture 131 at the rear of
the bolt.
ASSEMBLY AND DISASSEMBLY OF THE CONVERSION BOLT
Since a number of features and advantages of the invention involve
the assembly of the above described bolt assembly components, the
assembly and disassembly of this structure will now be
described.
The back plate 86 is preferably preassembled in the end of the tube
85, for example, by means of brazing. The tube 85 is preferably
formed of a material such as cold rolled strip steel, so that due
to its upper and lower slots 88 and 91, respectively, it forms a
U-shaped spring. The buffer 100 may first be inserted in the tube
to its position adjacent the back plate 86. The trip 170 may then
be inserted in the tube, with the lower projection extending
through the back of the roller slot 91. The front ends of the tube
are then swung apart, to separate the knife edges formed by the
transverse slot 92, to permit insertion of the ejector 180 in the
slot. It is seen that the ejector 180 thus forms a forward stop for
the trip 170. In disassembly, as above described, the ejector is
removed by downward pressure, thereby camming the sides of the tube
apart. The recoil spring guide 102 and recoil spring are then
assembled and inserted in the aperture 101 in the buffer 100.
The firing pin 160 and its retaining pin 165, the extractor spring
193 and extractor 190 and its retaining pin 191, and the weights
210 and 211, disk 213 and retaining pin 214 are assembled in their
respective positions in the bolt 110, and this assembly may then be
inserted in the forward end of the tube 85 with the recoil spring
guide 102 and recoil spring 103 extending through the bore 116. As
above noted, the retaining lugs 151 of the chamber barrel 150 may
be permanently in position in the chamber barrel. In order to
assemble the chamber barrel on the tube, the forward end of the
tube 85 is sprung apart, and the chamber barrel inserted therein
until the pins 151 are lined with the holes 90, then the forward
ends of the tube are permitted to snap back to hold the chamber
barrel in place. It is to be noted that the chamber barrel is
loosely pivoted in the end of the tube 85. This permits some
movement and pivoting between the barrel and the tube 85. Such
movement is advantageous, since it allows for manufacturing
tolerance misalignments between the chamber and the bolt recess in
the receiver of the weapon. Thus, the chamber barrel 150 is held
positively in position in the weapon, since it is impossible for
the tube 85 to unsnap over the lugs 151 when the device is
positioned inside of the receiver of the weapon. The barrel 150,
however, may easily be assembled and disassembled from the device
without the use of tools.
In disassembly, the sides of the tube 85 are sprung apart to permit
removal of the chamber barrel. The internal components of the
device may then be removed from the end of the tube in the order
reverse to the order of assembly.
The above described assembly and disassembly of the device thus may
all be achieved from the forward end of the assembly. This is
desirable, since it allows the comparatively heavy bolt to be
employed as a tool to assembly the recoil spring, and also allows
the comparatively heavy bolt to be employed as a tool in
disassembly of the recoil spring. Since the device is assembled and
disassembled from the forward end, there is easy access to the
surfaces requiring the most cleaning, i.e., the inside of the tube
85 nearest the breech and the breech face itself.
MAGAZINE ASSEMBLY
Since the weapon modified with the above described conversion
device employs different, i.e. smaller, ammunition, a modification
is also required in the magazine assembly. This modification is
illustrated in FIGS. 38 - 40. Referring now to these Figures, the
outer casing 250 of the magazine is in the shape conventionally
employed in the weapon, and hence its form and means for being
retained in the weapon are conventional and need not be discussed
herein. The magazine is modified by providing a well 251 therein,
the well 251 being shaped to conform to the new form of ammunition.
The well 251 is held in the magazine by suitable upper and lower
closures 252 and 253 respectively, and may be held to the edge of
the magazine by a tab 254 rivetted to the magazine. The well 251
includes a follower assembly 255 and a spring 256 for feeding the
cartridges upwardly in the conventional fashion.
CONVERSION OF THE WEAPON
In order to convert a standard weapon, such as a standard U. S.
rifle caliber 5.56mm, M-16, to fire miniature ammunition, such as
caliber .22 long rifle ammunition, employing the conversion device
of the invention, the weapon is of course first cleared of
ammunition according to conventional techniques. Referring to FIG.
1, the takedown pin 53 is then removed, so that the upper receiver
50 can swing away from the lower receiver 51 about the pivot pin
52. The charging handle 54 is then pulled backwardly, so that the
standard bolt assembly is pulled part way out of the receiver, and
the bolt can be manually grasped and pulled completely out of the
receiver. The conversion bolt assembly is then inserted in the
receiver, and pushed into the receiver as far as possible. In this
position, the chamber barrel 150 of the conversion device has
entered the chamber of the weapon. The upper receiver is then
closed on the lower receiver, and the takedown pin 53 is pushed
into locking position. A new magazine, of the form illustrated in
FIGS. 37-39 is then inserted in the regular magazine of the weapon.
The entire conversion of the weapon may thus be accomplished in a
very short period of time.
When the conversion unit is assembled in the receivers of the
weapon, the projection 95 on the back plate enters the bolt
carrier-key recess in the upper receiver of the weapon, thus
orienting the device in the upper receiver in assembly. The back
plate 86 contains the weapons buffer 71 in the reassembled weapon.
The buffer 71 of the weapon thus maintains a forward pressure
against the back plate 86 at all times. This pressure takes up any
longitudinal slack between the conversion device according to the
invention and the weapons receiver. The front shoulder of the block
154 of the chamber barrel 150 is thus held against the inside of
the chamber of the weapon at all times, thereby preventing escape
of gas during firing of the weapon. As above noted, the bevelled
edge of the projection 172 of the trip 170 urges the automatic sear
out of the way when the upper receiver is closed on the lower
receiver.
OPERATION
In the operation of a weapon, such as an M-16, converted in
accordance with the present invention, and assuming initially that
the weapon selector has been set to provide semi-automatic
operation (i.e. the automatic sear 75 is inoperative), and further
assuming that there is no cartridge in the receiver, the weapon is
initially charged by pulling back and releasing the charging handle
54. As illustrated in FIG. 4, with this action, the backward
movement of the projection 74 on the front of the charging handle
engages the front edge 203 of the gas deflector, so that backward
movement of the charging handle carries the bolt backward against
the force of the recoil spring 103. The backward movement of the
bolt forces the hammer of the weapon into cocked position. When the
charging handle is released, the recoil spring moves the bolt
forwardly, to engage a cartridge in the end of the magazine, and to
force it forward up the feed ramp 157 and into the chamber. As the
bolt moves to its forward position against the block 154 of the
cartridge barrel 150, the hook 192 on the extractor is urged into a
hooking relationship with the rim of the cartridge case, as
illustrated in the position shown in FIG. 41. The weapon is now in
condition to fire the first round.
When the trigger of the weapon is pulled, the hammer 77 in the
weapon is released by the conventional mechanism, to swing upwardly
into the space 145 between the D-shaped members 111 and 112 of the
bolt, and to thereby strike the projecting end of the firing pin
160. The end 162 of the firing pin strikes the rim of the cartridge
to effect the firing thereof, so that the bullet is forced through
the short end barrel 155 of the chamber barrel 150 and thence into
the barrel 57 of the weapon. When the bullet has traveled for
sufficient distance down the barrel 57, the firing gases are
directed from the barrel into the gas tube 56 of the conventional
weapon. This gas is expelled into the receiver of the weapon, and
the pressure acting on the bolt and the gas deflector projection
202 forces the bolt backwardly against the force of the recoil
spring 103. The initial stage in the backward movement of the bolt
is illustrated in FIG. 42, wherein it is seen that the hook 192 on
the extractor, which engages the rim of the cartridge, effects the
removal of the cartridge casing from the chamber barrel 150, this
backward movement continuing until the end of the cartridge casing
strikes the ejector blade 182. Since the ejector blade 182 is
offset from the axis of the barrel, as the bolt continues its
rearward movement, the fixed ejector blade effects the rotation of
the rear of the cartridge casing, as illustrated in FIG. 42, so
that the cartridge casing is released from the extractor hook 192
and ejected from the weapon through the port 89 in the tube 85. It
is to be noted that the backward movement of the bolt is resisted
only by the recoil spring 103 in the conversion bolt, and the
recoil spring 70 of the weapon itself is not active in the
operation of the conversion bolt. In other words, the conversion
bolt assembly according to the invention is completely self
contained with respect to the recoil of the bolt.
As in the initial charging of the weapon, during the rearward
movement of the bolt the rear end of the bridge 113 of the bolt
forces the hammer to pivot downwardly into cocked position clear of
the bolt. In its rearmost position, the bolt strikes the buffer, to
absorb the remaining shock of the backward movement. Since the gas
deflector projection 202 extends upwardly into general conformity
with the shape of the slot 73 in the charging handle as shown in
FIG. 37, the firing gases are prevented from discharging to the
rear of the receiver, and thus when the bolt has moved sufficiently
backwardly, the gases are expelled through the port 89. In
semi-automatic operation of the weapon, the automatic sear 75 of
the weapon is moved out of position with respect to the hammer, and
thus this component of the weapon, and the trip 170 of the
conversion bolt assembly, do not enter into the operation of the
weapon.
When the energy expended in moving the bolt backwardly is expended,
the recoil spring 103 urges the bolt to move in the forward
direction toward the chamber barrel 150. During this forward
movement, the front of the bolt 110 engages the rear end of a new
cartridge in the end of the magazine, and urges the cartridge up
the feed ramp 157 and into firing position in the end of the
chamber barrel 150. The weapon is then prepared to fire a new round
upon reactuation of the trigger of the weapon.
In automatic operation of a weapon employing the conversion bolt
assembly according to the invention, the automatic sear 75 and
hammer 77 of the weapon operate in their normal fashion in the
weapon. In other words, when the selector switch of the weapon is
set to automatic operation, and the trigger is held backward
continually, the automatic sear 75 engages the upper catch 78 on
the hammer to hold the hammer until it is released due to forward
movement of the bolt, and this action continues as long as the
trigger is held back. When the trigger is released, the lower catch
79 of the hammer is held by the trigger assembly. In the
arrangement according to the present invention, the trip 170 is
provided to effect the proper operation of the automatic sear. When
the trigger is released, the normal latching with the latch 79 of
the hammer 77 is operative.
Assume now that the weapon, converted with the conversion bolt
assembly, is set for automatic operation.
The release of the hammer for the firing of the first round is
similar to that above described, with the bolt being moved
backwardly and the cartridge case being ejected in the same manner
as previously described. As the bolt moves backwardly, the downward
projection 140 of the bolt moves backwardly in the rectangular slot
171 of the trip whereby the front edge 141 of the projection moves
out of engagement with the front edge 175 of the recess. This
releases the trip and hence the automatic sear, so that the sear
may catch the hammer. When the bolt moves forwardly during
recharging of the weapon, the projection 140 of the bolt moves
forwardly in the rectangular recess 171 of the trip, until, near
the forwardmost position of the bolt, it strikes the front edge 175
of the trip, thereby carrying the trip 170 forward a short
distance. The rear edge of the rectangular recess 171 and the
downward projection 172 thereof, thereby effects the movement of
the automatic sear, and the consequent release of the hammer to
automatically effect the firing of another round in the above
described fashion. This form of operation continues automatically
as long as the trigger is held in its rearmost position. Since the
trip 170 is separate from the bolt, it does not reciprocate with
the bolt, and it thereby provides the advantage that undesirable
weight is not added to the recoiling members of the device and the
weapon.
In the forward and backward movement of the bolt during operation,
the bolt is well guided by the bent-in sections of the upper side
of the tube 85, which as shown in FIG. 37 form guide ribs for the
slots formed between the top of the bolt and the gas deflector.
This guiding is accomplished with a minimum of friction, due to the
small amount of contact area between the guide ribs of the tube and
the slots formed at the top of the bolt.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to
a specific embodiment thereof adapted to be employed in combination
with a particular conventional, it will be obvious that many
variations and modifications may be made therein without departing
from the spirit and scope of the invention, both with respect to
use in the described weapon and for adapting the invention for use
in other weapons, and it is therefore intended in the following
claims to cover all such variations and modifications as may fall
between the true spirit and scope of the invention.
* * * * *