U.S. patent number 3,775,904 [Application Number 05/160,009] was granted by the patent office on 1973-12-04 for self-watering flower pot.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Universal Products Development Corporation. Invention is credited to James R. Peters.
United States Patent |
3,775,904 |
Peters |
December 4, 1973 |
SELF-WATERING FLOWER POT
Abstract
A self-watering flower pot has a unitary, double-walled
construction comprising an outer shell, a potting receptacle
therewithin, and a water-receiving chamber in the space
therebetween. A cavity and a channel both of which open downwardly,
are formed in the underside of the bottom wall of the inner
reeptacle, and the channel slopes upwardly from the cavity toward
the inside wall to define an air flow path. The container has a
sealable opening for the introduction of water into the chamber,
and the bottom wall of the potting receptacle has an aperture
communicating with the cavity formed therein. Water passing by
capillary action into the inner receptacle from the chamber creates
a vacuum in the space between the double walls; the vacuum is
relieved when the potting medium is sufficiently dry to permit air
to permeate and to pass through the aperture and along the air path
into the water chamber, thereby allowing an additional amount of
water to flow.
Inventors: |
Peters; James R. (Chicopee,
MA) |
Assignee: |
Universal Products Development
Corporation (Simsbury, CT)
|
Family
ID: |
22575092 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/160,009 |
Filed: |
July 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
47/80;
215/12.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G
27/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01G
27/06 (20060101); A01G 27/00 (20060101); A01g
027/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;47/38,38.1,34.13
;215/12 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,096,014 |
|
Dec 1967 |
|
GB |
|
453,258 |
|
Jun 1913 |
|
FR |
|
257,051 |
|
Mar 1949 |
|
CH |
|
820,802 |
|
Nov 1937 |
|
FR |
|
14,554 |
|
Jun 1907 |
|
GB |
|
1,200,457 |
|
Jul 1970 |
|
GB |
|
Primary Examiner: Pulfrey; Robert E.
Assistant Examiner: Eickholt; Eugene H.
Claims
Having thus described the invention, I claim:
1. A self-watering flower pot comprising a unitary, double-walled
container with two spaced apart shell elements, each having a
bottom wall and a peripheral sidewall extending upwardly therefrom
with said side walls interconnected adjacent their upper ends to
provide at least one water-receiving chamber in the space between
said shell elements, said oontainer having an opening for
water-filling access to said chamber; and closure means normally
sealing said opening against entry of air therethrough, the inner
of said shell elements providing a potting receptacle and having
its bottom wall configured to provide passageway defining means
comprising a downwardly opening cavity spaced inwardly from said
sidewall thereof, an aperture therethrough into said cavity, and a
plurality of downwardly opening channels spaced about and sloping
upwardly away from said cavity toward said sidewall of said
receptacle to define flow paths for air from the interior of said
receptacle along the outer surface of said bottom wall and into
said chamber, said passageway defining means and said closeable
opening of said container providing the only communication between
the atmosphere and said chamber, so as to permit substantial
sealing thereof.
2. The container of claim 1 wherein said passageway defining means
includes at least a second downwardly opening cavity substantially
identical to said first-mentioned cavity and spaced therefrom; a
second aperture through said bottom wall communicating with said
second cavity, and channels substantially identical to said
first-mentioned channels and defining additional air flow paths
that extend between said second cavity and said inside wall of said
receptacle.
3. The container of claim 1 wherein a capillary member is seated in
said cavity for contact through said aperture communicating
therewith.
4. The container of claim 3 wherein said capillary member is an
open-celled sponge.
5. The container of claim 3 wherein said bottom wall of the outer
of said two shell elements has an upstanding boss thereon in
registry with said bottom wall, said boss contacting the underside
of said capillary member and urging it partially through said
aperture.
6. The container of claim 1 wherein said shells are joined to one
another only at said upper ends of said sidewalls.
7. The container of claim 1 wherein said container is fabricated of
a thermoplastic polymeric material.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the past, a variety of flower pots, planters, and the like have
been proposed which have self-contained reservoirs for irrigation
of the vegetation therewithin. In some instances, such devices have
been designed for automatic control of the water to furnish it on a
substantially continuous basis and to minimize the frequency with
which refilling of the reservoir is necessary. Although the prior
art devices of this type have met with varying degrees of
commercial success, they have generally tended to be somewhat
deficient in one or more respects.
In some cases, the prior self-watering flower pots have not been
sufficiently reliable or efficient in terms of furnishing water to
the plant; either they have tended to cause flooding by metering
the water too rapidly, or they have failed to provide a supply of
water adequate to sustain the vegetation. In other cases, undue
complexity and/or the difficulty of achieving adequately sealed
seams between parts of the devices have made manufacture difficult
and expensive, and have resulted in high rejection rates of
unacceptable units and in a need for time-consuming and costly
testing procedures.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
novel self-watering flower pot that is capable of furnishing water
on a substantially continuous basis and at a desirable rate to
sustain the vegetation therewithin.
It is also an object of the invention to provide such a flower pot
which is of relatively simple construction, and which can therefore
be manufactured with a high degree of facility and economy.
Another object of the invention is to provide a flower pot having
the foregoing features and advantages, which in addition may be
produced with a limited number of sealing and bonding operations,
thereby further facilitating production and minimizing the need for
leakage testing.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
It has now been found that the foregoing and related objects can be
readily attained in a self-watering flower pot comprising a
unitary, double-walled container with two spaced apart shell
elements. Each of the shell elements has a bottom wall and a
peripheral sidewall extending upwardly therefrom, and the sidewalls
are interconnected about their upper ends to provide a
water-receiving chamber in the space between the shell elements.
The container has an opening for water-filling access to the
chamber, and closure means is provided to normally seal the opening
against entry of air therethrough. A potting receptacle is provided
by the inner of the two shell elements, and its bottom wall is
formed to provide passageway defining means. The passageway
defining means comprises a downwardly opening cavity spaced
inwardly from the sidewall, an aperture through the formed bottom
wall communicating with the cavity, and a downwardly opening
channel sloping upwardly from the cavity toward the sidewall of the
receptacle. A flow path for air is thereby defined from the
interior of the receptacle, along the outer surface of the formed
bottom wall, and into the chamber. The passageway defining means
and the closeable opening of the container provide the only
communication between the atmosphere and the chamber, thereby
permitting substantial sealing thereof.
Preferably, the passageway defining means includes at least a
second channel substantially identical to the first-mentioned
channel and extending in a direction generally opposite thereto.
The second channel cooperatively defines, with the cavity, a second
air flow path, and ensures air flow from the cavity even though the
container may be tipped from a normally horizontally supported
position. In accordance with another embodiment of the invention,
the passageway defining means includes at least a second downwardly
opening cavity substantially identical to the first-mentioned
cavity and spaced therefrom. A second aperture is provided through
the bottom wall to communicate with the second cavity, and an
associated channel, substantially identical to the first-mentioned
channel, defines an additional air flow path that extends between
the second cavity and the inside wall of the receptacle.
Most desirably, the container includes a capillary member seated in
the cavity for contact throughout the aperture communicating
therewith, and the capillary member preferably is an open-cell
sponge. It is especially desirable that the bottom wall of the
outer of the two shell elements have an upstanding boss thereon in
registry with the cavity of the formed bottom wall. The boss
contacts the underside of the capillary member and urges it
partially through the aperture so as to ensure intimate contact
with the potting medium contained in the receptacle during use. The
container may be fabricated of a thermoplastic polymeric material,
and it is most desirable that the two shells be joined to one
another only at the upper ends of the sidewalls thereof.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a self-watering flower pot embodying the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a section view thereof along line 2--2 in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 3 is a plan view illustrating a second embodiment of the
invention wherein the container is generally rectangular and two
irrigation apertures are provided.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
Turning now in detail to FIGS. 1 and 2 of the appended drawing,
therein illustrated is a double-walled container providing a
self-watering flower pot embodying the present invention, and
including an outer shell and an inner potting receptacle, generally
designated by the numerals 10 and 12, respectively. The shell 10
consists of a generally circular supporting base or bottom wall 14
having a centrally located, upstanding circular boss 16, and a
continuous circumferential sidewall 18 of a scallopped
configuration extending upwardly thereabout. The receptacle 12 is
contained entirely within the shell 10, and consists of a general
frustoconical sidewall portion 20, a circumferential upper shoulder
portion 21, and a bottom wall 22 lying across the inner end of the
sidewall 20 and blending therewith. The stepped upper end portion
24 of the inner receptacle 12, adjacent the shoulder 21, is nested
within the correspondingly configurated upper end portion 26 of the
outer shell 10, and the upper end portions 24, 26 are bonded
together to form an air-tight seal, such as by heat sealing,
solvent or adhesive bonding, ultrasonic welding, or by another
appropriate technique. A water-receiving chamber or reservoir 28 is
thereby defined between the corresponding portions of the shell 10
and receptacle 12.
The bottom wall 22 of the inner receptacle 12 has a centrally
located downwardly opening circular cavity 30 formed in its
underside and in axial alignment with the upstanding boss 16 on the
base 14. A central aperture 32 is provided through the bottom wall
22 within the cavity 30, and four equidistantly spaced, downwardly
opening U-shaped grooves or channels, defined by wall elements 36
and crests 38, extend radially therefrom. Adjacent wall elements 36
extend upwardly from the bottom wall 22 and converge to crests 38,
which in turn slope upwardly from the cavity 30 toward the sidewall
portion 20.
An open-celled sponge 40 of polyurethane or the like is seated
within the cavity 30; the end of the boss 16 contacts the underside
of the sponge 40 and forces it partially through the aperture 32 to
ensure intimate contact therewith of the potting medium contained
in the receptacle 12 during use. The circumferential shoulder 21 of
the inner receptacle 12 has an enlarged semicircular portion 44
with an opening 42 formed therethrough, thereby permitting access
to the reservoir 28 for filling with water. A suitable stopper or
plug 46 is seated in the opening 42 to effect a sealed closure
thereof and, with the stopper 46 in place, the reservoir 28 is
effectively open to the atmosphere only through the aperture 32 of
the bottom wall 22.
It is believed that operation of the novel flower pot of the
invention will be readily apparent from the foregoing description.
In use, the inner receptacle 12 is filled with a suitable potting
soil or other medium (not shown) of appropriate consistency to
permit air permeation when it is in a relatively dry state.
Preferably, a bed of vermiculite, fine gravel, or of a suitable
substitute will be placed in the lower portion of the receptacle 20
in the vicinity of the aperture 32 to ensure that water flow
thereabout is adequate. It should be appreciated the sponge 40 can
be omitted, with the potting medium directly contacting the water
in the cavity 30 and serving to distribute it by capillary action.
However, this tends to be less desirable, largely because the
potting medium tends to pass into the water chamber. In any event,
it will be understood that, as used herein, the term "capillary
member" includes soil, vermiculite and other potting media, as well
as appropriate porous members other than sponge-like elements.
The plant (not shown) is placed in the soil, the reservoir 28 is
filled with water (which may contain dissolved additives for
various purposes, if desired), and the plug 46 is replaced in the
aperture 42 to seal the reservoir 28 against the atmosphere at that
location. Water flowing about the receptacle 12 passes, by
capillary action, through the pores of the sponge 40 and into the
potting medium within the receptacle 20 through the aperture 32.
Since the reservoir 28 is sealed above water level, after a
quantity of water has passed into the receptacle 20 a vacuum is
created which diminishes, and ultimately terminates, further water
flow. As the water in the receptacle 20 is depleted, either by
evaporation or through utilization by the growing plant, the
dryness of the potting medium permits air to permeate therethrough,
and to pass through the aperture 32 and into the cavity 30. As a
result, minute bubbles of air collect at the junctures of the
channels with the cavity 30, where they coalesce to form larger
bubbles. The upward slope of the crests 38 of the channels
facilitates and promotes the outward movement of the enlarged air
bubbles, and thereby ensures that no air block is created. Since
the channels are disposed at diametrical positions about the cavity
30 and extend in opposite directions therefrom, air will flow
through at least one of them regardless of the angular displacement
of the flower pot relative to a normally horizontally supported
position.
Although circular flower pots may be the most prevalent,
polyogonal, square, rectangular, or other cross sectional
configurations are not unusual. To provide a specific illustration
of the possible variations, FIG. 3 of the drawing shows a container
that embodies the present invention, and that is generally
rectangular in cross section. As will be appreciated, the
irrigation demands in such a flower pot are somewhat different from
those that exist in a circular pot. Whereas a single, centrally
located, water inlet to the potting receptacle is entirely
satisfactory in a circular pot, it would not generally be so in a
rectangular container, because the supply of water to vegetation
located at a distance from the inlet aperture would tend to be
inadequate. Accordingly, in the embodiment of FIG. 3 the bottom
wall 22' has formed in its underside two downwardly opening
cavities and associated apertures 32' that are spaced from one
another so as to distribute the water more uniformly into the
receptacle. Otherwise, the parts shown in FIG. 3 correspond to
those described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, and are designated
with the same numerals (primed) as were employed therein.
Therefore, by analogy, the details of construction will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art, in view of the foregoing
description.
The most apparent additional difference between the embodiments of
FIG. 3 and that of FIGS. 1 and 2 is the arrangement of channels
extending from the cavities 30'. As is indicated by the positions
of their crests 38', only two channels extend from each of the
cavities 30', and each of them is directed toward a different side
48 of the rectangle. As in the case of the circular pot, this
ensures adequate air flow and prevents the occurrence of air
blockages even in the event that the flower pot may be tipped from
a normally horizontally supported position.
Although not illustrated, the container may have internal
construction partitioning the space between the shell elements to
provide a plurality of independent water chambers therewithin, each
having its own water fill opening, such as that designated 42 in
FIG. 2 of the drawing. This may be especially appropriate when two
or more irrigation apertures are provided, in which instance the
apertures will communicate with different chambers to thereby
permit various flow rates, fertilization procedures, etc., to be
used in selected portions. Of course, the potting receptacle may
also be segmented if so desired.
As will be appreciated, one of the significant advantages of the
type of construction shown in the drawing is that only one seam
need be formed between the parts of the container, i.e., about the
mating upper ends 24, 26 of the sidewalls 20, 18 of the receptacle
12 and shell 10, respectively. This obviously simplifies
manufacture and minimizes the possibility of air leakage into the
internal chamber 28. It will also be noted that no seams or bonding
operations are necessary between the bottom walls 14, 22, either
for structural or operational purposes. For example, it is not
necessary to utilize areas of the bottom wall 14 to cooperatively
define the air flow passages with the formed bottom wall 22; this
is also a significant factor facilitating manufacture.
Although other types of materials can be used in the construction
of the container, it will be appreciated that the synthetic
polymers, and especially the thermoplastics, will be most
appropriate in the majority of cases. This is not only because of
the aesthetic appeal and structural properties that articles made
from such materials may exhibit, but also because of the facility
and economy with which they can be fabricated into the various
configurations desired. Thermoplastics, such as the polyolefins
(e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) and the vinyl and vinylidene
polymers (e.g., polystyrene, high impact polystyrene, polyvinyl
chloride), to name only a few, are relatively strong, inexpensive,
and readily fabricated by conventional molding techniques;
accordingly, they will often be used preferentially. Indeed, if the
flower pot is appropriately designed for that purpose, it may be
possible to integrally form it of such a material in a minimum
number of molding steps, thereby providing a substantially
seamless, double-walled container embodying the invention
hereof.
Thus, it can be seen that the present invention provides a novel
self-watering flower pot that is capable of furnishing water on a
substantially continuous basis and at a desirable rate to sustain
the vegetation therewithin. The flower pot may be of relatively
simple construction and may be produced with a limited number of
sealing and bonding operations, thereby facilitating production,
enhancing the economy of manufacture, and minimizing the need for
leakage testing.
* * * * *