U.S. patent number 3,774,699 [Application Number 05/274,050] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-27 for hammer drill with slidable rotation gear and lock.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Hilti Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Peter Schmuck.
United States Patent |
3,774,699 |
Schmuck |
November 27, 1973 |
HAMMER DRILL WITH SLIDABLE ROTATION GEAR AND LOCK
Abstract
An electric hammer drill is constructed to provide both striking
and rotating motions for a tool mounted in the drill. Further, the
rotational motion is provided by a gear wheel which, in turn, is
driven by a pinion. If only striking motion is to be transmitted to
the tool, the gear wheel can be disengaged from the pinion and, if
required, the gear wheel in its disengaged position can be locked
against rotational movement. The gear wheel is normally biased into
engagement with the pinion. An operating lever is positioned on the
hammer drill for selecting the desired arrangement of the gear
wheel.
Inventors: |
Schmuck; Peter (Mauren,
Fuerstentum, FL) |
Assignee: |
Hilti Aktiengesellschaft
(Fuerstentum, FL)
|
Family
ID: |
5814369 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/274,050 |
Filed: |
July 21, 1972 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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|
|
|
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Jul 21, 1971 [DT] |
|
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P 21 36 523.1 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
173/48;
173/109 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B25D
16/006 (20130101); B25D 2211/003 (20130101); B25D
2216/0015 (20130101); B25D 2216/0023 (20130101); B25D
2216/0046 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B25D
16/00 (20060101); E21c 001/12 () |
Field of
Search: |
;173/48,96,109 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Purser; Ernest R.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. Electric hammer drill for imparting rotating and striking motion
to a tool positioned in the drill comprises a casing, a cylinder
positioned within the casing and extending in the axial direction
of the rotating and striking motion, piston means within said
cylinder for imparting the striking motion to the tool, a gear
wheel disposed concentrically of and fitted on said cylinder, a
pinion arranged to be disposed in meshed engagement with said gear
wheel for rotating said gear wheel, drive means operatively
associated with said piston means and said pinion for transmitting
the striking and rotating motion thereto, wherein the improvement
comprises that said gear wheel is slidably mounted on said cylinder
for movement in the axial direction thereof, first means for
biasing said gear wheel into meshed engagement with said pinion and
second means for displacing said gear wheel from meshed engagement
with said pinion.
2. Hammer drill, as set forth in claim 1, wherein said first means
comprises an axially extending spring located within said casing
encircling said cylinder, said spring disposed in contact with said
gear wheel on the side thereof spaced from said pinion for biasing
said gear wheel toward said pinion.
3. Electric drill hammer, as set forth in claim 2, wherein said
second means for displacing said gear wheel from meshed engagement
includes a slide member located within said casing and displaceable
in the axial direction of the rotating and striking motion for
displacing said gear wheel from engagement with said pinion, and
said slide located on the opposite side of said gear wheel from
said spring.
4. Electric hammer drill, as set forth in claim 3, wherein said
second means for displacing said gear wheel from meshed engagement
includes a locking element displaceable in the same direction as
said slide for locking said gear wheel against rotational movement
when it is displaced from meshed engagement with said pinion.
5. Electric hammer drill, as set forth in claim 4, wherein said
locking element has teeth thereon in the end directed toward said
gear wheel and said teeth are arranged to engage the teeth in said
gear wheel for preventing it from rotating.
6. Electric hammer drill, as set forth in claim 5, wherein an
operating lever is pivotally mounted on said casing and is in
operative engagement with said slide and locking element for
selectively positioning them in accordance with the desired
movement to be imparted to the tool.
7. Electric drill hammer, as set forth in claim 6, wherein each of
said slide member and locking element has a slot extending
obliquely of the axial direction of said cylinder and of one
another, and a cam eccentrically arranged on said operating lever
and extending through each of said slots for axially displacing
said slide member and said locking element as said operating lever
is pivoted on said casing.
8. Electric hammer drill, as set forth in claim 7, wherein said
locking element is superposed on said slide member and said slide
member and locking element are axially displaceable relative to one
another.
9. Electric drill hammer, as set forth in claim 8, wherein a key is
arranged for securing said gear wheel to said cylinder for
preventing rotational movement of said gear wheel relative to said
cylinder and for affording axial movement of said gear wheel
relative to said cylinder.
10. Electric hammer drill, as set forth in claim 9, wherein a ring
is slidably mounted on said cylinder between said gear wheel and
said slide member for transmitting the axial movement of said slide
member toward said gear wheel to said gear wheel.
Description
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to an electric hammer drill in which the
driving force has two components, one for effecting a striking or
impact movement of a tool mounted in the drill and the other for
imparting a rotational movement to the tool and, more particularly,
it concerns the arrangement of a gear wheel engageably with a
pinion for effecting the rotational movement and disengageable from
the pinion when the driving force is transmitted only in the form
of a striking movement.
Hammer drills of the type mentioned above, are practically
unlimited in their uses. Frequently such hammer drills are used for
inserting rapid core drill anchors and for chipping. When the
drills are used for chipping as well as for setting rapid core
drill anchors, particularly during the initial part of the drilling
action and when driving in the expansion body, only a striking or
impact movement is provided on the tool. Therefore, it is necessary
that the rotational movement of the hammer drill be discontinued so
that only the striking movement can be performed.
Though it is known to shut off the rotational movement in the
above-mentioned operations, certain shortcomings have been
experienced.
For example, for setting rapid core drill anchors it has been
necessary to use a special attachment which can be inserted into
the tool holder of the hammer drill. Naturally, when such an
additional element is attached to the hammer drill it is hindering
in many respects, in particular, it is susceptible of difficulties,
because it is subject to extensive contamination. Moreover, when an
additional element is positioned between the tool carrier and the
tool itself, a certain reduction in the performance or efficiency
of the drill is experienced. When a chisel has been used with a
hammer drill, the discontinuance of the rotational movement was
solved in a cumbersome manner in the past. As presently known, when
no rotational movement is desired when using a chisel, the chisels
are provided with round instead of rectangular or hexagonal shanks.
When a round shank is used, it has the result of preventing a
form-closed connection between the tool and the tool holder and, as
a result, there is no transmission of rotary motion to the tool.
Such an arrangement for shutting off rotational movement has an
adverse effect, because it is necessary to use tools with
differently shaped shanks in various operations. Further, when a
chisel with a round shank is used, it causes considerable wear of
the tool holder normally provided with a rectangular or hexagonal
opening.
Therefore, it is the primary object of the present invention to
provide a hammer drill in which rotational movement can be
discontinued within the drill itself without the use of auxiliary
means for the connection of the tool within the tool holder.
In accordance with the present invention, for effecting rotational
movement of the drill, a gear wheel is arranged to be driven by a
pinion so that it can be displaced axially of the drill relative to
the pinion for shutting off the rotational movement of the
drill.
This feature of the axial displacement of the gear wheel has the
advantage that it can be effected by a simple manipulation of the
hammer drill itself. The ability to switch between the combination
of striking and rotational movement and pure striking movement is
of particular advantage in setting rapid core drill anchors, since
an accurate insertion is frequently only possible when the anchor
is driven into the target material under a pure impacting action
before the actual insertion process is effected which is performed
by a combination of rotational and striking movements. By
incorporating all of the switching elements within the casing of
the hammer drill, the engagement and disengagement of the gear
wheel and the pinion can be performed completely independently of
external influences.
To assure the meshed engagement of the gear wheel with the pinion,
a compression spring is arranged in contact with the gear wheel for
biasing it toward the driving pinion.
Preferably, the engagement and disengagement of the gear wheel with
the driving pinion is effected by means of a slide positioned
within the hammer drill casing which can be displaced in the
direction of the tool axis of the drill.
For locking the gear wheel against rotational movement when it is
uncoupled or disengaged from the driving pinion, a locking element
is associated with the slide, movable in the direction of the tool
axis, for holding the gear wheel against rotational movement. With
this arrangement it is possible to prevent the tool from rotating
when it is desired to provide only a striking or impact action by
the tool. For example, when using chisels, the tool can be guided
directly with the lateral handle of the hammer drill, so that a
chisel handle, which frequently causes pain to the hands because of
vibrations, can be eliminated. By providing separate members for
effecting the disengagement of the gear wheel from its driving
pinion an then for locking the gear wheel against rotational
movement, it is possible when using a chisel to turn it into the
desired position after the gear wheel disengagement is effected and
then to lock it into the desired position by means of the locking
member.
For locking the gear wheel when it is disengaged from the driving
pinion, the locking member is arranged so that it engages the teeth
of the gear wheel. Accordingly, the locking element can be provided
with cams or with an arrangement of teeth which correspond to the
teeth on the gear wheel.
To ensure a rapid and reliable changeover between rotational and
nonrotational movement, as well as in locking the tool against
rotational movement, an operating lever is provided on the exterior
of the drill casing for axially displacing the members within the
casing which effect the displacement of the gear wheel from
engagement with the driving pinion. When usch an operating lever is
used, it is also possible to provide markings on the drill casing
so that the position of the gear wheel can be easily
determined.
Preferably, the operating lever has a cam which extends into the
casing and engages within slots in the members which effect the
displacement and locking of the gear wheel. The slots are arranged
so that in movement of the operating lever from the position where
the gear wheel and driving pinion are engaged, initially the gear
wheel is uncoupled and the tool can still be rotated and in the
subsequent movement of the lever the gear wheel is locked so that
the tool cannot be rotated. When the operating lever is moved in
the opposite direction, initially the cam releases the locking
action and then permits the spring to bias the gear wheel into
engagement with the driving pinion. Due to these automatic
operations, disengagement-locking, unlocking-engagement, faulty
control of the hammer drill is impossible, that is, it is not
possible to lock the gear wheel as long as it remains in meshed
engagement with the driving pinion.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention
are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and
forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of
the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects
attained by its use, reference should be had to the accompanying
drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated and
described a preferred embodiment of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a hammer drill
embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a portion of the hammer drill shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view, similar to FIG. 1, showing
certain of the parts within the drill displaced into a second
position, as compared to that shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a view, similar to FIG. 2, showing the corresponding
arrangement of certain of the displaced parts in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial view, similar to FIG. 3, but with certain of
the parts within the hammer drill displaced into a third
position;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIGS. 2 and 4 indicating the displaced
arrangement of the parts shown in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a view taken along the line VII--VII in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 8 is a partial top view of the hammer drill as viewed in the
direction of the arrow A in FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As shown in FIG. 1, a hammer drill consists of a motor casing 1
attached to a gear casing 2 with a handle 3 extending from the two
casings and containing a pushbutton switch 4. The motor within the
casing is arranged to provide a driving force to the drill having a
striking or impact component and a rotational component. The
driving force of the motor is tranmitted from the driving pinion 1a
to a gear wheel 5 fixed on a crank shaft 7. The crank shaft is
rotationally supported within the gear casing 2 within a bearing 6
and gear teeth 7a on the crank shaft mesh with the teeth on a gear
wheel 8 positioned laterally of the crank shaft. The gear wheel 8
is secured on a bevel pinion shaft 10 supported in a bearing 9 in
the gear casing 2. One end of the shaft 10 is mounted in the end
face 1b of the motor casing 1 while its other end forms a bevel
pinion 11 shown in meshed engagement with a gear wheel 12 in FIG.
1.
As the crank shaft 7 is rotated, it provides a reciprocating motion
by means of crank pin 7b to a connecting rod 13 extending into one
end of a cylinder 14 located within the gear casing 2. Within the
cylinder 14, a piston 15 is mounted on the opposite end of the
connecting rod from the crank pin 7 and is spaced in the axial
direction of the cylinder from a piston 16 by a chamber 17
extending between the two pistons. The chamber 17 contains an air
cushion so that the reciprocating action of the piston 15 is
transmitted to the piston 16. The kinetic energy of the piston 16
is transmitted by way of its piston shaft 16b to the shank of a
tool 19 positioned within the tool holder 18. The tool 19 is
secured in the tool holder 18 in a known manner, for example, by
means of locking elements for effecting longitudinal displacement
while holding the tool against rotation.
The transmission of rotational movement to the tool 19 is provided
by means of the cylinder 14 secured to the tool holder 18 and
extending rearwardly into the gear casing 2 of the hammer drill.
Within the gear casing 2, the cylinder 14 is rotatably mounted in
bearings 20, 21 for performing the rotational movement transmitted
to the cylinder 14 from the gear wheel 12 concentrically mounted on
the cylinder. A key 22 affords then nonrotatable connection of the
gear wheel 12 of the cylinder 14. However, the gear wheel is
mounted on the cylinder 14 so that it can be displaced in the axial
direction of the cylinder and a spring 23 encircling the cylinder
normally biases the gear wheel into meshed engagement with the
pinion 11.
On the rearward end of the cylinder 14 is a slidably displaceable
ring 24 which is in contact with the rearward end of the gear wheel
12. In contact with the rearward end of the ring 24, that is the
opposite end from the one in contact with the gear wheel 12, is a
slide 25 displaceable in the axial direction of the cylinder 14.
Located above the slide 25 is a locking member or element 26. As
can be seen in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6, each of the slide 25 and the
locking element 26 contain an oval-shaped slot 25a, 26a,
respectively. Positioned on the exterior of the gear casing 2 is a
operating lever 28 having an eccentrically arranged cam 27 which
extends downwardly into the slots 25a, 26a. The operating lever 28
is pivotally mounted on the casing so that as it pivots or rotates
the eccentrically arranged cam 27 effects an axial displacement of
the slide 25 and the locking element 26. At its forward end, that
is the end adjacent the gear wheel 12, the locking element 26 is
rounded and has teeth 26b arranged to mesh with the teeth on the
gear wheel, note FIG. 7. In FIG. 1 a locking element 30, loaded by
a spring 29, is arranged in the operating lever 28. By providing
corresponding recesses in the gear casing 2 for the locking element
30, it is possible to lock the operating lever in different lever
positions, note FIG. 8. Based on the different arrangements shown
in the drawing, the four different operations of the hammer drill
will be described.
In FIG. 1, the hammer drill is shown corresponding to the operating
lever position I illustrated in FIG. 8. In position I, the gear
wheel 12 is in meshed engagement with the pinion 11, accordingly,
striking or impact movements are transmitted over the crank shaft 7
and the connecting rod 13 and rotational movement is transmitted
over pinion shaft 10 from pinion 11 to gear wheel 12 which rotates
the cylinder 14.
In the arrangement of the hammer drill as shown in FIG. 1, the
locking element 26 is shown with its rearward end aligned above the
rearward end of the slide and its forward end displaced rearwardly
from the gear wheel 12. The forward end of the slide 25 contacts
the ring 24 which in turn is in contact with the rearward end of
the gear wheel 12, that is the end which is in meshed engagement,
in FIG. 1, with the pinion 11. As shown in FIG. 2, the cam 27 is
positioned at one end of the slots 25a, 26a which extend obliquely
to one another and to the axial direction of the cylinder 14 in the
hammer drill.
In FIG. 3 the operating lever is in position II, as shown in FIG.
8, and the slide has been moved axially toward the tool holder so
that the ring 24 sliding on the cylinder 14 has displaced the gear
wheel 12 forwardly out of meshed engagement with the pinion 11.
Accordingly, it is not possible for the motor to transmit
rotational movement to the cylinder 14 and in this arrangement only
a striking or impact action is transmitted by the piston 16 and its
shaft 16b to the tool 19. In this position the cylinder 14 and gear
wheel 12 can be turned at random along with the tool 19, so that
the tool can be located in a desired position by manually rotating
the tool holder 18.
In FIG. 4 the position of the slide 25 and locking element 26 are
shown corresponding to the lever position II as shown in FIG. 3. As
can be seen in FIG. 4, the cam 25 has moved from the ends of the
slots 25a, 26a to an intermediate position, thereby displacing the
slide and locking element relative to one another
In FIG. 5 the hammer drill is arranged in correspondence with lever
position III illustrated in FIG. 8. As can be seen in FIG. 5, the
gear wheel 12 is displaced axially from the pinion 11 so that, as
in FIG. 3, only a striking action on the tool 19 can be effected.
However, in FIG. 5, as compared to FIG. 3, the locking element has
been displaced forwardly by the cam 27 on the operating lever so
that its teeth 26b are in meshed engagement with the teeth on the
gear wheel and the gear wheel 12, the cylinder 14 and the tool 19
are secured against rotational movement. This particular position
is especially suitable for using the hammer drill with chisels,
since the chisel within the tool holder 18 can be guided by the
hammer drill without the use of a chisel handle, because the tool
is prevented from rotating.
In FIG. 6 the cam 27 corresponding to operating lever position III
has moved to the opposite ends of the slots 25a, 26a as compared to
that shown in FIG. 5. Accordingly, the relative positions of the
slide 25 and the locking element 26 have been changed.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and
described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive
principles, it will be understood that the invention may be
embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
* * * * *