U.S. patent number 3,774,024 [Application Number 05/209,524] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-20 for illuminator grid.
Invention is credited to Charles U. Deaton.
United States Patent |
3,774,024 |
Deaton |
November 20, 1973 |
ILLUMINATOR GRID
Abstract
A series of parallel, equally spaced channels support a series
of depending baffles below a light or series of lights. The baffles
are spaced equally along the respective channels and have a width
less than their own spacing but greater than the distance between
supports to provide an overlap of the edges of adjacent light
intersecting baffles, when turned angularly, such as 45.degree., to
the channels and in alternating angular positions on adjacent
channels. The baffles are held in the angular positions by clips
cooperating with spaced slots in the channels and centrally
disposed holes in a right angled portion of the respective baffles.
These holes are slanted, rectangular or octagonally pointed. When
turned in alignment with the channels to form rows, the baffles are
readily cleaned.
Inventors: |
Deaton; Charles U. (Golden,
CO) |
Family
ID: |
22779094 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/209,524 |
Filed: |
December 20, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/319; 52/645;
362/342; 52/506.08; 248/343; 362/354 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04B
9/366 (20130101); F21V 11/06 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
11/06 (20060101); F21V 11/00 (20060101); F21v
011/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/9,52R,78R,78LD,18R
;248/323,324,343 ;52/484,486,489,645,663,666 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Peters, Jr.; Joseph F.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An illuminator grid adapted to be disposed beneath a source of
light to intercept direct light rays disposed at less than a
predetermined angle to the horizontal, comprising:
a substantially horizontal array of substantially parallel and
substantially equally spaced supports;
a series of baffles depending from said supports at substantially
equally spaced positions along each support and in interspaced
positions on adjacent supports;
means connecting each baffle with the corresponding support to
permit each baffle to be turned on the corresponding support to an
aligned position and to a position angular to the support, with
baffles on alternating supports being oppositely inclined to the
baffles on the supports therebetween;
the width of said baffles being less than the center to center
spacing of said baffles on the corresponding support; and
the width of said baffles being greater than the center to center
distance between said supports.
2. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 1, wherein:
said means connecting each baffle with the corresponding support is
constructed and arranged to hold said baffles in a shifted position
of alignment with said support and a shifted position of 45.degree.
with respect to said support.
3. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 2, including:
a resilient device for attaching each said baffle to its support;
and
generally registering openings in said support and a portion of
said baffle for receiving said resilient device.
4. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 3, wherein said
generally registering openings include:
a slot in said support; and
an opening in a portion of said baffle generally perpendicular to
the remainder of said baffle.
5. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 4, wherein said portion
of said baffle comprises:
an integral, normally upper first portion of said baffle but
perpendicular to the remainder of said baffle; and
a second integral portion coplanar with said first portion but
severed from said baffle adjacent said first portion.
6. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 1, including:
a resilient device for attaching each said baffle to its
support;
generally registering openings for receiving said resilient device
including a slot in said support and an opening in a portion of
said baffle generally perpendicular to the remainder of said
baffle; and
said baffle opening is generally rectangular but is inclined in
opposite directions for baffles attached to alternate supports.
7. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 1, including:
a resilient device for attaching each said baffle to its
support;
generally registering openings for receiving said resilient device
including a slot in said support and an opening in a portion of
said baffle generally perpendicular to the remainder of said
baffle; and
said baffle opening is generally octagonally pointed, to engage
opposite sides of said resilient device to hold said baffle in
alignment with and at a plurality of selected angular positions
with respect to said support.
8. An illuminator grid adapted to be disposed beneath a source of
light to intercept direct light rays disposed at less than a
predetermined angle to the horizontal, comprising:
a series of baffles extending in the same direction away from said
light source;
means for turnably supporting said baffles for movement to two
positions in the first of which said baffles are disposed in
generally perpendicular relation in each row and in adjacent rows,
and in the second of which said baffles are in aligment in parallel
rows angular to the rows of said first position;
in said first position, the width of said baffles being greater
than the center to center distance between adjacent baffles of the
same row and also greater than the center to center distance
between said rows; and
in said second position, the width of said baffles is less than the
center to center spacing of said baffles in the same row.
9. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 8, wherein:
said supporting means permits said baffles to be shifted to
positions in alignment in a second series of rows disposed at an
acute angle to said first mentioned rows.
10. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 9, wherein said second
series of rows are disposed at about 45.degree. to said first
mentioned rows.
11. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 1, wherein said baffle
comprises:
a flat, sheet-like first member having a predetermined width and
height;
means connected to said first member providing a second member
generally perpendicular to said first member and disposed at one
end thereof; and
an opening in said second member having a generally octagonally
pointed configuration.
12. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 11, wherein:
said second member is integral with said first member and comprises
a bent over portion of said end of said first member carrying in
coplanar relation therewith a lug severed from said first member
immediately adjacent said second member.
13. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 11, wherein:
said first member and said second member are formed of different
material; and
said second member is attached to said first member by an extension
of said second member.
14. An illuminator grid as defined in claim 13, wherein:
said first member is formed of plastic; and
said second member is formed of metal.
Description
The present invention relates to overhead illumination grids for
masking the glare of an illuminator from direct view, and more
particularly overhead illumination grids having hanging light
intercepting baffles of the type which are arranged in longitudinal
and transverse rows with the individual baffles being at right
angles with respect to adjacent baffles in an alternating pattern
of pleasing appearance.
The present invention is an improvement over the constructions
disclosed in my U.S. Pat. Nos. D-182,991 issued June 10, 1958;
2,870,883 issued Jan. 27, 1959; 3,006,019 issued Oct. 31, 1961; and
3,088,025 issued Apr. 30, 1963. In these illumination grids, rows
of light ray baffles are carried upon a sequence of transverse,
channel-shaped members in an orthogonal pattern. The baffles are
flat, rectangular plates depending from their support channels.
They are spaced evenly on the channels to also form rows at right
angles to the channels, and each baffle is turned at right angles
with respect to the adjacent baffles in alternating orthogonal
patterns. The depth of each baffle is such that the grid intercepts
the light rays of a ceiling illuminator at angles flatter than
approximately 45.degree.. This effectively protects the individuals
within a room from the glare of the illuminator at an ordinary
viewing angle, for an individual must look upwardly at an angle
steeper than 45.degree. to see an illuminator directly.
Illumination grids with hanging baffles, as disclosed in my prior
patents, are preferred over the more economical egg-crate type
grids of a better appearance, and more expecially from the
maintenance viewpoint, because they may be easily cleaned. Each
baffle in a row of baffles carried upon a common support channel
may be turned to a flat alignment with the channel, to present a
flat, continuous surface which can be quickly and easily washed, as
in the manner disclosed in my U.S. Pat. No. 3,006,019.
The one disadvantage discovered in using an illumination grid of
such an arrangement resides in the fact that the width of the
baffles in an array carried upon a channel support must be the same
as, or less than, the spacing of the baffles on the channel to
permit the baffles to be tuned to a flat alignment for washing. The
resultant effect is that slits of light will leak past the edges of
a row of the baffles and strike the eye of an individual when he is
directly in alignment with the edge 6f a row. Although this light
slit may be quite narrow, it is objectionable.
The present invention was conceived and developed with this factor
in view, and this invention comprises, in essence, an arrangement
in a grid wherein the baffles are rotated to a position at
45.degree. with respect to their supporting channels. an orthogonal
pattern of baffles still exists, although the baffles are angled
with respect to their supporting channels. This is obtained whether
the supporting channels are diagonal wtth respect to the room with
the baffles in longitudinal and transverse rows, or with the
supporting channels being transverse, or longitudinal, with respect
to the room and the baffles aligned in diagonal rows. In either
arrangement, in the improved construction, the edges of one row of
baffles overlaps the edges of its adjacent row of baffles, and such
lapping completely eliminates any possible light leak. Moreover, no
change is necessary in the basic structural features of the
illumination grid which permits a row of the baffles to be turned
upon their channel to a common alignment for cleaning.
Accordingly, an object of the invention is to provide a novel and
improved illumination grid which completely shields light rays from
a viewer at angles flatter than a selected critical angle, such a
45.degree..
Another object of the invention is to provide a simple arrangement
of baffles in an illumination grid, wherein the edges of adjacent
rows of baffles overlap each other sufficiently to positively
prevent any light leaks, and at the same time, provide a neat
appearing structure.
Another object of the invention is to provide an improved
illumination grid having an arrangement of baffles wherein the
edges of adjacent rows overlap to prevent light leaks and which
does not require expensive or difficult modifications over the
existing types of illumination grids now in use.
With the foregoing and other objects in view, the present invention
comprises certain constructions, combinations and arrangements of
parts and elements as hereinafter described, defined in the
appended claims, and illustrated in preferred embodiment by the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the corner of a grid constructed
according to the principles of the invention, wherein the baffle
supporting channels are diagonal to the room walls.
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional elevational view as taken from
the line 2--2 of FIG. 1, showing the support channels and the upper
portions of baffles suspended from these channels, and depicting
the manner in which the baffles of successive rows overlap each
other.
FIG. 33 is an isometric exploded view of a portion of a frame
member of the grid, a portion of a support channel, the upper
portions of the baffles and the connections for holding the baffles
to the channel.
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a portion of a channel carrying
baffles, with the baffles being turned to alignment with the
channel for cleaning the same.
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary sectional detail, taken from the indicated
line 5--5 of FIG. 4, but on an enlarged scale.
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of one of the baffles of FIG. 3, but on
an enlarged scale and with broken lines indicating an alternate
opening in a flange thereof.
FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic sectional view of a fragment of a prior
illumination grid and of a light above this grid, the section being
shown to exemplify how rays are deflected and diffused downwardly
by the baffle.
FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting a horizontal sectional arrangement of
a prior group of suspended baffles in a portion of a grid with the
baffles being arranged in a conventional manner, with dotted lines
indicating the portions of support channels above the baffles and
with arrows indicating the manner in which light rays strike the
baffles and also pass between adjacent rows of baffles to produce
light leaks which appear as slits of light when viewed from below
the baffles.
FIG. 9 is a comparative diagram similar to FIG. 8, but showing the
baffles arranged in a modified orthogonal pattern according to the
principles of the present invention, as illustrated in FIG. 1, with
dotted lines indicating the positions of support channels above the
baffles and with arrows indicating the manner in which light rays
are intercepted by the lapping edges of adjacent rows of baffles to
prevent light leaks.
FIG. 10 is a diagram similar to FIG. 9 showing the baffles arranged
diagonally with respect to the supporting channels, but as
illustrated in FIG. 11, with the support channels above the baffles
being shown in dotted lines and with arrows indicating the manner
in which light rays are intercepted by the baffles.
FIG. 11 is an isometric view of a corner of a grid similar to FIG.
1, but showing a modified arrangement wherein the baffle supporting
channels are parallel to the room walls.
FIG. 12 is a fragmentary sectional detail taken along line 12--12
of FIG. 11, but on an enlarged scale.
FIG. 13 is an isometric view of the upper portion of a baffle also
constructed according to the invention.
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of a baffle of FIG. 13, but on an
enlarged scale.
FIG. 15 is an isometric view similar to FIG. 13, but depicting the
baffle as being made of different materials.
Referring first to FIGS. 1-6 of the drawings, the grid G, a corner
of which is shown in FIG. 1, is supported in unsuitable manner, as
by longitudinal bars 20 and transverse bars 21. These bars are
suspended from a ceiling or the like by rods 22 which connect with
the bars at suitable locations about the same. Each rod is
connected to a bar by a U-shaped clip 23, with the rod extending
through a hole in the crotch of the clip and with the bar being
embraced by legs of the clip and secured thereto by inturned hooks
at the bottom of the legs.
These bars carry a spaced array of smaller, baffle supporting
channels or supports 24, and each channel, in turn, carries a row
of flat, rectangular baffles 25, as hereinafter further described.
In the embodiment of the invention disclosed in FIGS. 1-6, these
channels are positioned at 45.degree. with respect to the room
walls. The structural form of the bars 20 and 21 may vary, but
preferably they are lightweight metal members, U-shaped in section,
and in the arrangement illustrated, they are oriented downwardly
with flange sidewalls 26 between the central web portion 27 which
forms a top surface. The corners of these bars are interconnected
in any suitable manner. Openings 28 are provided in the sidewalls
26 to receive the baffle supporting channels 24, with an upstanding
tongue 28a in the base of each opening, for a purpose described
later.
Each channel 24 is also a lightweight metal member, U-shaped in
section, and oriented upwardly as illustrated, with the central web
29 forming the bottom or floor of the channel between upstanding
sidewall flanges 30. The end of each channel 24 is adapted to fit
into an opening 28, and an angularly disposed notch 31 is provided
in each channel web to interlock the assembly through engagement
with the tongue 28a of the corresponding opening 28, as will be
evident from FIG. 3. To complete each channel 24, spaced slots 32
are provided in the floor webs to receive holding rings 33 for
connecting the baffles to the channels, as will be described.
Each baffle 25 is a flat, rectangular member having a width
corresponding to, or slightly less than, the center spacing between
the slots 32 in the channels 24, and a height which is selected to
effectively baffle a light mounted above an illumination grid, as
hereinafter described. In the construction illustrated in FIGS.
1-6, each baffle 25 is of sheet metal or like material. The top
edge is folded to provide a flange 34 normal to the surface of the
baffle 25, and the face of the flange 34 abuts against the
underside of its channel 24 when it is connected thereto. The
connection is effected by the holding ring 33, with each holding
ring, of spring material, being formed with diverging, outwardly
biased fingers 35 which extend through a slot 32 in the floor of a
channel 24, and into a rectangular or otherwise suitably shaped
indexing opening 36 in flange 34 which has a diagonal dimension the
same as the width of slot 32. This indexing opening 36 is
preferably located directly above the plane of the baffle 25 and to
provide space therefor, a lug 37 is cut from a slot 37a in the
central portion of the baffle adjacent to the fold of flange 34,
the lug being folded outwardly from the baffle 25 as an extension
of the flange 34, but at the opposite side of the baffle.
The indexing opening 36 is proportioned such that the ring fingers
35 will normally bear against diametrically opposite corners of the
opening when holding the baffle in place, as shown in FIG. 6. Also,
these corners may be indented, as at 38, to better seat the fingers
35. Thus, with a rectangular opening 36, each baffle may be secured
at one of two positions with respect to the channel 24 which
supports the baffle. The indexing opening 36 is proportioned and
inclined so that, at one position, the baffle is positioned at
45.degree. with respect to the channel 24, as shown in FIGS. 1 and
3, while at the other position, the baffle is parallel to the
chnnnel, as shown in FIG. 5. Thus, whenever the baffles on a
channel are all at this latter position, they will form a flat
surface which is easily cleaned. When in this position, it is to be
noted from FIG. 4 that a small gap 39 occurs between the baffles,
so they will not overlap when aligned with respect to the channel
24. Since the baffles on one channel are to be oriented in an
alternating pattern, some of the baffles may have openings in the
flange inclined in a direction opposite to the opening 36, as
shown, and such opening may be as indicated by the broken lines 36a
of FIG. 6. Further, an indexing opening which is a composite of the
openings 36 and 36a, as will be described later, may be used. As is
apparent from the above description, the fingers 35 coact with the
opening 36 in the baffle flange 34 to index the baffle at the
inclined or the aligned position with respect to the corresponding
channel.
The manner in which these baffles function may be described with
reference to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9. FIG. 7 illustrates a series of prior
baffles 25 in a row arranged in an alternating longitudinal and
transverse sequence on a series of channels 24' supported by a bar
20, with a light L above the grid. The depth of each baffle,
compared with its spacing, is such that the rays 41 from light L
which are flatter than a selected angle, such as 45.degree., will
be diffused by striking the baffles. The steeper rays 42 extend
downwardly through limited portions of the grid, but such rays are
not objectionable from a glare viewpoint.
FIG. 8 illustrates a prior or conventional array of baffles 25 in
longitudinal and transverse rows, with the baffles in each row
being oriented alternatively, longitudinally and transversely. The
channels 24', and the light L which is above the baffles, are shown
as broken lines and in a conventional transverse array. Because it
is necessary to turn the baffles in each row to a common alignment
with their channel for cleaning, the width of each baffle must be
less than the spacing S between them to prevent lapping. This
results in the gap 39, as appears in FIG. 5. Moreover, this limited
baffle width, less than spacing S, results in a spaced slit between
the edges of adjacent rows of baffles, which is visible as an
undesirable light leak by rays 43 from the light L heretofore
mentioned.
FIG. 9 illustrates the baffle arrangement of this invention, as
shown in FIGS. 1-6, but on a slightly larger scale than the
comparative arrangement shown in FIG. 8. In FIG. 9, the baffles 25
are orthogonal, that is, in longitudinal and transverse rows and
columns. The sequence of baffles in each row and column are
oriented alternatively at right angles to each other. The channels
24, shown in broken lines, are diagonal with respect to the room,
as heretofore described. To align the baffles with a channel, they
are turned 45.degree. from their normal arrangement when they are
to be cleaned. Hence, the diagonal spacing D of FIG. 9, between the
baffles along a channel, is greater than the orthogonal spacing S
between the channels along a row or column by the ratio of 2/1.
`Since the maximum width of a baffle can approach the diagonal
spacing D and be more than the orthogonal spacing S, the
comparative width of the baffles, as in FIG. 9, may be
substantially greater than that illustrated in FIG. 8. Accordingly,
the baffles can be easily proportioned so that, in light
intercepting position, their edges lap sufficiently to prevent
light leaks not only from light rays 41 normal to the baffles, but
also from light rays in other directions, and light rays 43 of FIG.
8, which would not be intercepted by the baffles of FIG. 8.
In the alternative construction shown in FIG. 11, the channels 20'
are perpendicular to the sides of the room, so that the baffles
25', in the light intercepting position shown, will be disposed
angularly to the room walls, such as at 45.degree.. Similarly to
the construction previously described, baffles 25' are mounted on
channels 24', which are parallel to the sides of the room and are
supported by bars 20' which, in turn, are supported by suspension
rods 22 connecting with the bars by clips 23, the same as
heretofore described. The channels 24' are carried by the bars 20'
in spaced parallelism and at a regular spacing, being constructed
in the manner heretofore described, except that the channels 24'
may extend through an intermediate bar 20', as shown, and terminate
at a bar 20' at either end of the room or either end 6f the grid,
if not coterminous with the room.
The baffles 25' are spaced along the channels 24' and secured
thereto by holding rings 33', as in FIG. 12. Each baffle 25', as in
FIGS. 13 and 14, is constructed essentially the same as heretofore
described, with the exception that indexing hole 36' may be
octagonally pointed, as shown, to correspond to a composite of
openings 36 and 36a of FIG. 6, heretofore described. This enables
the baffles to be turned in either direction to a selected diagonal
which will be 45.degree. from the alignment of the transversely
disposed channels, but to a position in alignment with the
corresponding channel 24', for cleaning purposes. Thus, a baffle
25', as shown in FIG. 13, is formed as a flat sheet having a folded
flange 34' at one side and a lug 37' at the other side, wherein the
opening 36' is located, as in FIG. 14.
FIG. 10 illustrates the baffle arrangement shown in FIG. 11. In
this arrangement, the baffles 25' are in diagonal rows, while the
channels 24' are transverse to the room, as shown in broken lines.
Otherwise, the arrangement is similar to that shown in FIG. 9.
Thus, it will be noted that the spacing D of the baffles along the
channels is greater than the spacing S between baffles in the
diagonal rows, by the ratio of about .sqroot.2/1 when the baffles
are at 45.degree. to the channels.
An alternative baffle, shown in FIG. 15 and adapted to be
substituted for the baffles 25' of FIG. 11 or the baffles 25 of
FIG. 1, is a composite baffle, having a flat, sheetlike body 44
formed from a colored sheet of plastic or the like. This body
carries a hook 45, as of metal, secured to the top of the sheet by
a rivet 46. This hook has a depending leg for attachment at rivet
46 and an offset structure with a flat top in which is a centrally
located, octagonally pointed hole 36', for cooperation with a clip
33 of FIG. 1 or a clip 33' of FIG. 11, so that the top of the
baffle may be affixed to and optionally rotated below a channel 24
or 24', the same as heretofore described.
In connection with the baffles 44 which, as indicated above, may be
formed of a colored sheet of plastic or the like, it will be noted
that, when a series of baffles 44 are mounted in an arrangement,
such as the baffles 25 of FIG. 1 or the baffles 25' of FIG. 11,
various baffles may be formed of different colors, so that the
overlapping portions of the baffles will generally show a different
color, particularly when the colored baffles are transluscent
rather than opaque. Thus, with alternating baffles or rows of
baffles formed of red and blue, the light will illuminate the
overlapping areas to form a purple color. Other color combinations
can, of course, be utilized. Also, different colored baffles may be
utilized, either transluscent or opaque, in a design or pattern,
such as similar to a mosaic.
A further advantage of the octagonal, pointed indexing holes 36' is
that the baffles may not only be turned to or from the diagonal
positions of FIGS. 10 and 11, but also to the 0.degree. and
90.degree. positions of FIGS. 7 and 8. Thus, a baffle provided with
the indexing hole 36' may be utilized in the prior art structure of
FIGS. 7 and 8, with the advantage that such baffles may be used in
either the prior art structure or in the structure of the present
invention.
In connection with the baffle arrangement shown in FIGS. 9 and 10,
the angular and diagonal relationship of the baffles to their
supports, such as channels 24 or 24', has been described above.
However, it will be noted that the baffles are also arranged in
parallel rows, with the rows of FIG. 9 being lengthwise of the room
and the rows of FIG. 10 being diagonal to the room. Considering the
rows of baffles which appear vertically in FIG. 9, with one of the
baffles in each row being identified as r.sub.1, r.sub.2 and
r.sub.3, respectively, it will be noted that the baffles in each
row are alternately perpendicular to each other in the same row and
also that each baffle in one row is perpendicular to an opposite
baffle in an adjacent row. The baffles of the diagonal rows of FIG.
10 have a similar relationship. In order to provide an overlapping
relationship of one baffle with the adjacent but parallel baffle in
the next row, the width of the baffles 25 should be greater than
the center to center distance of adjacent baffles in the same row,
and also greater than the center to center distance between rows.
For a similar overlapping relationship, the same relationship
exists for the width of the baffles of FIG. 10. It will be noted
that, in the prior art illustrated in FIG. 8, the width of the
baffles is slightly less than the center to center distance between
adjacent baffles in the same row, but approximately the same or
slightly less thsn the center to center distance between rows. As
will be recognized, the ability to provide baffles having a width
greater than the center to center distance between baffles in the
same row and also between the above rows, with the baffles in the
operative positions illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, is provided by
the angular relationship of the baffles to their supports. It will
be understood that, instead of being supported by the channels 24
or 24', the baffles could be supported by a flat, highly
transluscent or transparent plate which permits the light to shine
through with the baffles mounted at their centers in the same
relative position as they are mounted on the channels 24 or
24'.
I have now described my invention in considerable detail. However,
it will be evident that others skilled in the art can build and
devise alternate and equivalent constructions which are
nevertheless within the spirit and scope of my invention.
* * * * *