U.S. patent number 3,773,468 [Application Number 05/240,373] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-20 for centrifugable extraction and hohogenization vessel.
Invention is credited to Roger W. Hubbard, William T. Matthew.
United States Patent |
3,773,468 |
Hubbard , et al. |
November 20, 1973 |
CENTRIFUGABLE EXTRACTION AND HOHOGENIZATION VESSEL
Abstract
A glass tube closed at one end and open at the other, said open
end being threaded, said tube being adapted, on the one hand, to
receive a pestle slidingly within it, the interior surface of the
tube and the exterior surface of the pestle being roughened so as
to effect grinding of the material within the tube and, on the
other hand, to receive a cap for closing the tube for shaking its
content together with a solvent and for sealing the contents within
the tube during centrifugation.
Inventors: |
Hubbard; Roger W. (Framingham,
MA), Matthew; William T. (Hopkinton, MA) |
Family
ID: |
22906267 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/240,373 |
Filed: |
April 3, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
422/550;
241/199.11; 241/169.2; 215/44; 215/379; 422/918 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B02C
19/08 (20130101); B01L 3/5021 (20130101); G01N
1/286 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01L
3/14 (20060101); G01n 001/04 (); G01n 009/30 () |
Field of
Search: |
;23/259,292,253
;73/425,425.2 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Wolk; Morris O.
Assistant Examiner: Serwin; R. E.
Claims
We claim:
1. A sampling assembly comprising a hollow tube closed at one end
and open at the other, said tube having a uniform interior
cross-section throughout the major portion of its length from end
to end, the surface of which is roughened, a cylindrical grinding
head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior
of the tube, the surface of which is roughened like that of the
interior of the tube, a handle fixed at one end to one end of the
head by means of which the head may be moved in shearing engagement
with the interior of the tube to grind material contained in the
tube, a cap for closing the open end of the tube following
grinding, and a thread circumferentially of the open end of the
tube onto which the cap is adapted to be screwed for sealing the
tube incident to centrifugation of the content of the tube.
2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the difference between
the inside diameter of the tube and the outside diameter of the
head of the pestle is in the order of 0.004 inches.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pestle has a
roughened surface which extends axially thereof and is in the order
of 1.25 inches.
4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior wall of the
tube at the closed end is semispherical and the end of the head of
the pestle is correspondingly shaped.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the interior surface of
the tube at the closed end is conical, and the head of the pestle
is correspondingly shaped.
6. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the wall thickness of
the tube is 0.094 inches.
7. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the tube is glass and
the cap is plastic.
8. A sampling assembly according to claim 1, comprising a Teflon
sealing disc fitted between the top of the cap and the open end of
the tube.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The usual practice in taking samples and extractions is to subject
the material to be sampled to comminution with a motar and pestle,
transfer it to a test tube where it is shaken up with a solvent and
then retransferring it to a centrifuge device for centrifugation.
When very small amounts of material are all that is available for
testing the several transfers result in substantial loss of
material consequently making the tests somewhat unreliable. There
is no apparatus presently available in which a very small amount of
material can be ground up, extracted and centrifuged in a single
piece of equipment. It is accordingly the purpose of this invention
to provide an apparatus in which all three operations may be
performed without transferring the material from one receptacle to
another so that even the smaLlest sample can be processed
successfully.
SUMMARY
As herein illustrated, the apparatus comprises a hollow tube closed
at one end and open at the other, said tube having a uniform
interior cross-section throughout the major portion of its length
from end to end, the surface of which is roughened, said tube being
designed alternately to receive a pestle provided with a grinding
head having a cross-section corresponding to that of the interior
of the tube adapted to be slidably moved in the tube by means of a
handle attached thereto to effect grinding of the material
contained in the tube and to receive a cap for sealing the open top
for agitation of the ground material in a solvent and/or sealing
the tube during the subsequent centrifugation. The tube and pestle
are comprised of glass, the interior surface of the tube and the
exterior surface of the pestle being roughened and being slidably
fitted with a clearance in the order of 0.004 inches. The tube has
a wall thickness in the order of 0.094 inches, its open end is
threaded and the cap is comprised of plastic containing threads by
means of which it is threaded onto the open end of the tube. The
top of the cap at the inside is fitted with a Teflon disc.
The invention will now be described in greater detail with
reference to the accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a centrifuge for receiving a
capped tube for centrifugation;
FIG. 2 is a diametrical section of one component of the sampling
apparatus comprising a hollow tube closed at one end and open at
the other;
FIG. 3 is an elevation of another component of the sampling
apparatus comprising a pestle adapted to be slidably engaged within
the tube;
FIG. 4 is a diametrical section of a modified form of the tube
shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an elevation of a pestle adapted to be used with the tube
shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged diametrical section of another component of
the sampling apparatus comprising a cap adapted to be mounted to
the open end of the tube; and
FIG. 7 is a section of a sealing disc.
Referring to the drawings, the sampling apparatus comprises
essentially three components, to wit, a tube 10, a pestle 12 and a
cap 14.
The tube 10 has a closed end 16 and an open end 18. The interior of
the tube is of uniform cross-section throughout the major portion
of its length from end to end, the interior surface 20 being
cylindrical. The closed end of the tube has a surface 22 which is
semispherical. The tube is comprised of glass, has a wall thickness
of approximately 0.094 inches, is approximately 4 3/16 inches in
length and has at its open end at its exterior surface threads 24
having a maximum outside diameter of 0.699 inches and a maximum
inside diameter of 0.623 inches.
The pestle 12 has a grinding head 26, the axial length of which is
approximately 1.25 inches, the cross-section of which corresponds
to that of the interior cross-section of the tube and which has an
outside diameter of approximately 0.508 inches. The head is
provided with a handle 28 which measures from one end of the head
to its distal end approximately 7 inches.
The pestle is adapted to be slidably interengaged with the interior
of the tube and to be manipulated therein by means of a handle 28
to grind material placed in the tube and to this end the entire
interior surface of the tube is etched or mechanically roughened
and the exterior surface of the head of the pestle is
correspondingly etched or roughened.
A plastic cap 14 is provided for sealing the content of the tube
within the tube during shaking with a solvent and for the
centrifugation. The cap 14 contains threads 32 by means of which it
is threaded to the open end of the tube and has within it at the
top a Teflon disc 34 which forms a seal between the cap and the
open end of the tube. The Teflon disc is approximately 0.079 inches
thick.
FIGS. 4 and 5 show an alternative form of the apparatus wherein the
closed end of the tube is conical and the end of the head of the
pestle is correspondingly shaped.
FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically a centrifuge comprising a rotor 36
rotatable about a vertical axis X--X, the rotor containing pockets
38 for receiving capped tubes. Desirably to protect the tubes and
to hold them snugly engaged within the pockets, tubular rubber
sleeves 39 are inserted into the pockets to cushion the capped
tubes.
The procedure with such a piece of apparatus is to place the sample
to be examined or tested in the tube, effect its comminution by
reciprocating the pestle therein, remove the pestle, add a solvent,
apply the cap and shake the material to dissolve it in the solvent
and then mount the capped tube or tubes in the centrifuge shown in
FIG. 1 to effect centrifugation.
It should be understood that the present disclosure is for the
purpose of illustration only and that this invention includes all
modifications and equivalents falling within the scope of the
appended claims.
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