U.S. patent number 3,773,394 [Application Number 05/093,033] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-20 for flexible track belts.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Caterpillar Tractor Co.. Invention is credited to Charles E. Grawey.
United States Patent |
3,773,394 |
Grawey |
November 20, 1973 |
FLEXIBLE TRACK BELTS
Abstract
Circular support belts having internal, wound inextensible
filaments encased in elastomer retain a plurality of
circumferentially disposed track shoes which are attached to these
support belts through an elastomeric couple in which shaped keepers
are employed to compressively load the elastomer at the couple to
secure the track shoes to the internal inextensible filaments of
the support belts. A dense elastomer insulated joint is formed
wherein direct physical contact by the track shoes and/or the
keepers with these filaments is avoided and a resulting couple is
obtained which prevents slipping movement between the track shoes
and the filaments. The resulting track belt system can be employed
about the periphery of pneumatic tire carcasses to increase
traction, protect the carcass, etc.
Inventors: |
Grawey; Charles E. (Peoria,
IL) |
Assignee: |
Caterpillar Tractor Co.
(Peoria, IL)
|
Family
ID: |
22236495 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/093,033 |
Filed: |
November 27, 1970 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
152/185.1;
156/137; 305/19; 305/34 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60B
15/04 (20130101); B62D 55/24 (20130101); B60B
15/20 (20130101); B60C 11/02 (20130101); B32B
5/26 (20130101); B60C 27/20 (20130101); B32B
5/02 (20130101); B32B 2262/103 (20130101); B32B
2433/00 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B60C
27/20 (20060101); B60B 15/20 (20060101); B60B
15/00 (20060101); B60B 15/04 (20060101); B60C
11/02 (20060101); B60C 27/00 (20060101); B62D
55/24 (20060101); B62d 055/24 (); B62d
055/28 () |
Field of
Search: |
;305/38,35EB,37,54
;74/237,234,233 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Johnson; Richard J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A flexible track belt comprising:
at least one flat elastomer endless support belt having a centrally
disposed inextensible reinforcing ply of circularly wound
inextensible reinforcing filaments in a side-by-side relationship
therein to form connected loops of substantially equal diameters
forming at least one cylindrical ply with filaments individually
encased by elastomer;
a plurality of removable oblong track shoes circumferentially
arranged about the outer peripheral surface of said flat support
belt at spaced intervals, said track shoes oriented transversely
across said support belt and transverse to the axes of said
reinforcing filaments in said support belt, and
a plurality of attaching means coupling said track shoes to said
support belt, each of said attaching means having an outer belt
engaging member and an inner keeper member, each of said inner
keeper members having a belt conforming channel recess with a
uniform recess cross-section therein, said keeper members arranged
at circumferentially spaced intervals about the inner peripheral
surface of said support belt and integrally formed with said
support belt so elastomer portions of said support belt separate
adjacent edges of said keeper means from one another thereby
providing a continuous inner surface, each of said keeper members
confining in its channel recess the lateral contiguous edges of a
portion of said belt having said reinforcing filament encased in
elastomer operable to prevent lateral extrusion of elastomer
surrounding said reinforcing filaments when said portion is clamped
in its contiguous channel recess so elastomer in said portion can
be loaded with sufficient force to prevent slippage between said
attaching means and said inextensible reinforcing filaments due to
a couple formed therebetween as the elastomer is densified by said
force.
2. The flexible track belt as described in claim 1 wherein several
equal diameter support belts are employed therein with said belts
connected together with elastomer webs.
3. The flexible track belt defined in claim 1 wherein the keeper
members are bonded to the elastomer endless support belt.
4. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the
elastomer is loaded with at least 1,500 PSI to enhance the
couple.
5. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the
cylindrical ply is disposed within the support belt adjacent to the
neutral bending axis of said support belt.
6. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the inner
surfaces of the oblong track shoes form the outer belt engaging
member of the attaching means.
7. The flexible track belt defined in claim 1 wherein each of the
attaching means is adjustable and operable to vary the force on the
portion of the elastomer belt within its keeper member.
8. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the
inextensible reinforcing filaments are composed of steel wires
having diameters from 0.0005 to 0.050 inches.
9. A flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein key means
are included attached to the inner periphery of the resulting track
belt to prevent lateral shifting thereof on a supporting unit.
10. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the key
means include cheek members on opposite sides of the track belt
which project radially inward for engagement with the sidewalls of
a supporting pneumatic carcass.
11. The flexible track belt as defined in claim 1 wherein the
elastomer endless support belt has at least wo cylindrical
plies.
12. The flexible support belt defined in claim 11 wherein fabric
layers are disposed between adjacent cylindrical plies of the
inextensible reinforcing loops.
13. The flexible track belt defined in claim 1 wherein the
reinforcing filaments are brass plated and bonded to the
surrounding elastomer.
14. The flexible track belt defined in claim 13 wherein cross
sectional ratio of reinforcing filaments to elastomer in the
support belt is controlled to prevent extrusion of elastomer from
the open ends of the keeper members whereby the elastomer confined
by each keeper member can be densified to enhance the couple
between the attaching means and the individual reinforcing
filaments.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Subsequent to the perfection of pneumatic tires, a number of track
type devices have been developed for utilization over these types
of tires. Generally, these innovations were designed for a specific
purpose, such as anti-skid or nonskid functions, protective or
shielding functions and/or traction-increasing functions when
mounted about the periphery of a pneumatic tire carcass.
Many of these innovations in the prior art employed metal caps,
cups or shoes retained about the outer periphery of the tire
through some type of circular supporting system, such as links,
cables, chains, rings, etc. Typical systems are illustrated in U.S.
Pat. No. 873,919 issued to Arnold, U.S. Pat. No. 1,114,983 issued
to Grisingher, U.S. Pat. No. 1,407,529 issued to Greenfield, U.S.
Pat. No. 1,566,559 issued to Prime, U.S. Pat. No. 2,679,881 issued
to Gagne, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,118,776 issued to Eastwick. Most of
these innovations were designed for inclement weather conditions
and are not suitable for work vehicles capable of high tractive
effort wherein their utilization would be required for extended
periods, especially in earth-working environments.
Some other innovations were designed for work vehicles and include
the tire tracks illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 2,745,460 issued to
Koenig and U.S. Pat. No. 2,764,209 issued to Armington. In these
structures, articulated joints are employed to connect track shoes
in a circle which can be placed about the periphery of a pneumatic
tire carcass. Besides being bulky structures, these systems tend to
be expensive in both initial costs and maintenance costs required
for the pivoted joints. Localized loadings in the joints may often
be excessive and, if the interference fit between the pneumatic
tire and the "circle of track" is such that it radially constrains
the carcass, the resulting preload on the joints is added to the
tractive effort transmitted between the tire and the ground through
the track and its joints. As a result, a short service-life in
earth-working environments can be expected from the prior art
conventional systems of this type.
Replaceable, flexible belt structures also were developed for use
with pneumatic tires. Some of these belt structures are shown in
U.S. Pat. No. 1,234,193 issued to Mass, U.S. Pat. No. 1,311,750
issued to Brashear, and U.S. Pat. No. 2,609,026 issued to
Luchsinger-Caballero, some of which include metal track shoes or
elements in the belts as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 1,262,011 issued to
Bruce. Some of these systems were designed for use with track
laying vehicles as well as over penumatic tire carcasses, as
illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,273,949 and 2,273,950 issued to
Galanot et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,728,612 issued to Howe et al, and
U.S. Pat. No. 3,387,897 issued to Reid.
It is useful to distinguish for classification between the pivoted
or hinged track shoes as illustrated in the above-referenced U.S.
Pat. No. 2,764,209 and those structures employing flexible
connections between the track shoes that offer more freedom of
movement between the adjacent track shoes, not being restrained to
the pivot axis.
The current invention is primarily related to the latter type
having limited universal relative movement between adjacent track
shoes and is designed to overcome many of the troublesome problems
experienced with the prior art systems.
Difficulties in the prior art structures of this type are often
experienced in achieving the desired flexibility in the support
system along with adequate strength and service-life when these
devices are employed in earth-working vehicles. Another major
problem is the connection mechanisms between the belt support
systems and the track shoes or elements which often deteriorate
quickly leading to failure of these structures.
In particular, an object of the instant invention is the provision
of a highly flexible support belt system that has sufficient
strength to adequately hold the circumferentially disposed track
shoes and radial preloads from the supporting pneumatic carcass
while also providing the needed service-life required in
earth-working vehicles.
Another important object is the provision of an elastomeric couple
between the inextensible reinforcing filaments in the flexible
support belts and the track shoes which provides an insulation
between these parts without slippage therebetween.
Also, it is an object to provide flexible track belt which is
compatible with large earth-working vehicles having considerable
drawbar horsepower that require considerable tractive effort be
developed across the track belts.
Another object is provision of a flexible track belt which can be
manufactured economically in all sizes.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A flexible track belt includes several flexible circular support
belts with each belt having internal inextensible reinforcing
filaments wound therein and encased in elastomer, a plurality of
track shoes circumferentially arranged about the circular support
belts and oriented transversely thereto and attaching means for
each track shoe to couple it to the support belts, the attaching
means having shaped retaining means for receiving the support belt
and clamping means to compressively load the elastomer encasing the
reinforcing filaments whereby a dense elastomeric couple between
the track shoes and the filaments is formed through the attaching
means without direct physical contact due to the insulation
provided by the elastomer. The retaining means for the support
belts must be shaped in a manner to prevent the extrusion of the
elastomer when it undergoes compressive loading in the area of the
elastomeric couple so adequate density is achieved to prevent
slippage of the attaching means relative to the reinforcing
filaments in the support belts.
The resulting flexible track belts can be employed about the
periphery of a pneumatic tire carcass to form a reliable track
encircled tire combination for work vehicle. Radially reinforced
tire carcasses are preferred in such a track encircled tire
combination, with filament wound tube tire carcasses combining with
the track belts to form the most preferred and superior performing
arrangement when the track belts are used in this manner.
Other applications of these track belt systems are also
possible.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective of a work vehicle with the flexible track
belts mounted on its pneumatic tires illustrating an earth-working
environmental application thereof;
FIG. 2 is a section through a belted tire of one of the wheels of
the work vehicle shown in FIG. 1 with parts broken away;
FIG. 3 is a broken away elevation of the belted tire shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 4 is an exploded section of an alternate embodiment of the
flexible track belt;
FIG. 5 is an elevation of the flexible track belt in which the
retaining member or keeper is extended to limit the travel of an
adjacent track shoe due to an overlapping relationship;
FIGS. 6 and 6A are perspectives illustrating another embodiment of
the flexible track belt in which only two support belts are
employed;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged section of a sidewall retention device which
can be employed in place of the centering lugs illustrated in FIGS.
6 and 6A with the two support belt embodiments;
FIG. 8 is a broken away perspective of an individual support belt
illustrating some of its internal construction details;
FIG. 9 is a perspective of a filament winding machine for
fabricating the support belts;
FIG. 10 is a section of a support belt having fabric disposed
between the layers or plies of reinforcing filaments;
FIG. 11 is a broken away perspective of a portion of the drum of
the machine illustrated in FIG. 9 showing the simultaneous
application of multiple reinforcing filaments;
FIGS. 12 and 13 illustrate in section and elevation, respectively,
a belleville spring clamping device to compressively load the
elastomer in the elastomeric couple;
FIG. 14 is an elevation of an arcuate retaining means which will
shorten the support belts as the track shoes with a compatible
surface are tightened against the retaining means; and
FIG. 15 is a perspective of a filament wound tube-tire carcass
providing the most preferred carcass with which the track belt can
be combined.
DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT
An earth-working machine 20 is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein
flexible track belts 21 have been assembled on its pneumatic tire
carcasses 22. This is one of the principal environmental
applications for which the current flexible track belts were
designed. Depending on the aggressiveness of the grousers on the
track shoes of the track belt and soil or roadbed conditions, the
flexible track belts may appreciably increase the tractive effort
capability of such a vehicle. In some situations, this increased
capability can exceed the structural capability of the drive train.
Of course, in other environments, such as smooth concrete surfaces,
the tractive effort may be much less than a contemporary vehicle
with conventional rubber tires. Therefore, it should be appreciated
that the flexible track belts of this invention, which employ a
unique elastomer couple, are usually employed in specialized
applications wherein large economies can be experienced through
their use, for example in rock work where conventional rubber tires
are often cut and punctured, or situations where rubber tires do
not give adequate traction due to the surface conditions.
Besides acting as a shield in certain environments, the track belt
provides increased machine stability, improved floatation, and
better steering response in many applications. Better load
distribution in the footprint also is achieved which contributes
their many advantages.
Prior art devices have traditionally been incapable of attaching or
retaining the individual track shoes on flexible belts for extended
periods of time without resulting in belt failure due to slippage
between the shoes and the support systems or wear in the support
system. If the support reinforcing such as cables are physically
gripped with sufficient force to prevent slippage, it is often
crushed, flattened or nicked encouraging its failure contiguous to
such attachments. If the support system is not physically secured,
the track shoes tend to slip causing excessive wear and/or flexure
therein. In addition, the prior art designs, because of the above
factors and others, are normally incapable of achieving some
uniform load distribution on the reinforcing members or filaments
of the support systems. Because the reinforcing flexible support
system must be substantially inextensible in order for the track
belt to be retained on tire carcass, if combined therewith, and
provide sufficient strength to allow the transfer of torque between
the tire carcass and the track shoes, prior art devices often
employed large cables or wires which resulted in poor load
distribution causing failures.
In FIG. 2, the different construction of the instant invention can
be seen in detail wherein track shoe 30 with grousers 31 is
attached with tap bolts 32 to a retainer member or a keeper 33
having channels 34 for receiving the supporting belts 35, which in
this embodiment are connected together by a thin elastomer web
between the channels in the keepers, but are shown as independent
belts in FIG. 4, an alternate embodiment.
The space A between the track shoe base 30a and the tops of the
ridges 36 of the keeper 33 is critical with reference to the
thickness of the individual belts, since it would be impossible to
obtain the desired preload or compressive loading on the elastomer
surrounding the reinforcing filaments of the support belts 35 for
the elastomeric couple necessary to join the track shoes and the
support belts in a manner which is compatible with the small
diameter inextensible reinforcing employed in this invention, if
this space or gap was not present.
In the elastomeric couple, high torques can be transferred between
the inextensible reinforcing filaments within the belts and the
individual track shoes without direct physical contact by placing
the encasing elastomer under high compressive loading, preferably
from 1,500-5,000 psi, in the area of the couples. Since the
elastomer is substantially incompressible and exhibits resiliency
through elastomer "flow," it is necessary that the couple employ
means to prevent the flow (extrusion) of the elastomer if a
satisfactory couple is to be achieved. The individual channel 34 in
the keepers closed by the cooperating base 30a of the track shoe 30
"contains" the elastomer, except along the generally parallel axes
of its internal reinforcing filaments (the open ends of the
channels). The adhesion of the elastomer to the reinforcing
filaments and the friction developed due to a high ratio of
reinforcing filaments to elastomer by cross sectional area in the
support belt prevents the extrusion of the elastomer from the open
ends of the channels. The filaments are preferably brass-plated to
improve elastomer adhesion thereto.
As a result of this arrangement, as the tap bolts 32 are tightened,
a compressive loading on the elastomer in each couple can be
developed so long as the necessary relationship of gap A and the
thickness of the supporting belt is present. Normally, the tap
bolts are torqued to achieve at least 1,500 psi compressive load in
the elastomer in the couples. As the number of belts are decreased
(decreasing belt areas in the couples), the corresponding preload
must be increased. In the two-belt design illustrated in FIGS. 6
and 6A, compressive loading on the elastomer in the couple is
increased to between 4,000 and 5,000 psi or higher to compensate
for the reduced coupling area.
Due to stress relaxation in the elastomer, it normally will be
necessary to torque the tap bolts 32 at periodic intervals to
maintain the desired compressive loading on the elastomer in the
elastomeric couples. In FIGS. 12 and 13, the desired loading on the
couple is maintained continuously by a belleville retaining system.
Rivets 40 replace tap bolts 32 in this embodiment, and extend from
the track shoe 30 through bores 41 in the keeper 33 so they project
from the outer surface of the keeper. Each rivet has an integral
head 43 and is assembled in its bore with belleville springs 44
nested thereon so they can be compressed against the outer surface
of the keeper as the head is moved toward the keeper. The rivets
which fit loosely in their respective bores are positioned to
extend through apertures 45 in the associated track shoe after the
support belts 35 are placed in channels 34 of the keeper. A press
is then employed to compress the belleville springs and the ends of
the rivets extending through track shoes are peened to secure the
rivets in their associated track shoes, after which the assembled
parts are removed from the press. The belleville springs will
maintain the desired compressive loading in the elastomer couple
and compensate for any stress relaxation in the elastomer as it
occurs. Thus, this arrangement eliminates the necessity of torquing
the tap bolts 32 at periodic intervals. Obviously, the belleville
springs and rivets can be counter sunk in the keeper to provide a
smooth undersurface where keeper engages the supporting pneumatic
carcass.
In FIGS. 6 and 6A wherein only two support belts are employed,
centering lugs 46 are utilized in the central portion of each track
shoe 30 on its base surface 30a which are received in a cooperating
groove (not shown) in the supporting pneumatic tire carcass.
Because the frictional engagement of the base surfaces of the track
shoes against the periphery of the tire carcass may not be
sufficient to prevent transverse shifting of the track belt on the
tire carcass under certain loading conditions, a centering lug or
device is desirable in some environmental applications.
An alternate centering device which cooperates with the sidewall of
the pneumatic tire carcass 22 is illustrated in FIG. 7. In this
device, the retaining member or keeper 33 having the shaped channel
34 for the flexible support belt 35, includes a radially inwardly
projecting leg 33a which engages the sidewall of the tire carcass
22 at point B which is well below the crown C of the tire carcass
with the track belt assembled thereon. This arrangement will also
prevent transverse displacement of the track belt on the tire
carcass under certain loading conditions. Also, in FIG. 7, set
screws 47 are employed to lock tap bolts 32 in place after they are
properly torqued to prevent them from working loose which could
cause the flexible support belt to fail.
The construction of the flexible support belts 35 is important in
order to achieve prolonged service-life from the resulting track
belt, and the details of their construction and fabrication are
best shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and 11. As indicated previously, these
support belts have internal inextensible reinforcing filaments 50
which are encased in elastomer 51. In prior art devices, the
reinforcing typically has been large diameter cables or wires. By
contrast, the instant invention employs very small diameter wires,
or cables by comparison, usually brass plated, to improve the
adhesion of the elastomer thereto, which are preferably wound in a
helical manner in the belts forming a series of connected loops.
Mono-filament steel wires having high tensile strength and a
diameter from 0.005 to 0.050 inch are normally utilized to form the
helically wound reinforcing filaments in the support belts. Several
of these filaments may be first twisted loosely together and
applied in the same manner as a single filament.
In the drawings, the diameters of the reinforcing filaments 50 are
exaggerated for purposes of illustration and their density in the
cross-section reduced for clarity. The flexible support belts can
be fabricated on the winding machine 60 shown in FIG. 9. A motor 61
drives a drum 62 of an appropriate diameter on which a thin layer
of elastomer is applied to its peripheral flat surface 63.
Thereafter, a layer or ply of reinforcing is applied by helically
winding the wire 50 from spool 64 on the previously-applied
elastomer layer through the level winding guide 65. After the
reinforcing ply or layer is completed, another thin ply or layer of
elastomer is placed over the resulting wire ply and the helical
wire winding operation is repeated. Reference is now made to FIG.
10 where the layers or plys E of elastomer 51 and layers or plys W
of the wires 50 are clearly illustrated in the resulting laminated
or sandwich structure of the support belts 35. In FIG. 11, a bobbin
66 is employed to helically wind multiple wires 50 to speed the
fabrication of the belts, and it should also be appreciated that
the thickness of the elastomer plys E are exaggerated for the
purpose of illustration. Normally, the elastomer layers will be in
the range of 0.050 to 0.250 inches and will lose their individual
identity when the belts are fabricated due to fusion with adjacent
layer through the wire plies.
It is improtant to recognize that the belts are fabricated so the
wire filaments 50 will be insulated from one another by the
elastomer as graphically illustrated in FIG. 10 wherein layers F of
fabric have been placed between the wire plies W to make the belts
somewhat more resistant to elastomer flow. Even if several wires
are applied loosely twisted together, the elastomer will still tend
to insulate them from one another. Generally, the elastomer is
applied in an uncured condition, and after the belt is finished,
the drum can be wrapped with shrink tape if desired, and the belt
is then cured by removing the drum from the winding machine 60 and
placing it in an autoclave.
By employing the small diameter wires 50 to form the reinforcing
filaments in the support belts 35, excellent flexibility is
obtained with adequate strength since these individual wires have
tensile strengths from 275,000 to 425,000 psi. Because of their
small diameters, the wires in the belts develop little internal
stress during bending in contrast to large diameter, prior art
wires or cables wherein the outside diameter (OD) of the cable
reinforcing rings are under tension while the inner diameter (ID)
is under compression as the track belt passes through the footprint
of the tires. This condition causes loads to be unevenly
distributed in larger diameter reinforcing filaments causing
failure.
By contrast, the wire plies W of the reinforcing filaments of the
support belt of this invention are parallel to the bending axis as
the track belts pass through the footprint and are also very close
to the neutral bending axis. Generally, it is preferred that these
wire plies be located close to the neutral bending axis of the
support belts 35 so that more even load distribution on all of the
plies can occur. As a result, thick support belts are less
desirable than the thinner belts.
Because of the small diameter of the wires 50 forming the
reinforcing filaments, it can be appreciated that a physical
connection between the track shoes and the reinforcing filaments
would be difficult without damaging the latter. However the
previously described elastomeric couple enables this attachment to
be accomplished without damage to the reinforcing filaments and in
joints that eliminate slippage between the shoes and the
reinforcing filaments.
The elastomer 51 protects and insulates the reinforcing filaments
from the track shoes and their associated keepers while the
compressive loading on the elastomer forms a non-slip couple
between them. While many compositions are suitable, the elastomer
generally employed in the support belts is a natural rubber
composition having the following characteristics:
Modulus 300% 1519 Tensile Strength 4023 Elongation 562% Durometer
(Shore A) 63 Compression set (25%) 22 hrs. at 158.degree.F. 31.3
Specific Gravity 1.10
A suitable composition is:
Substance Parts by Weight Natural Rubber 100.00 N285 40.0 Textract
2 5.0 Flexone 3C 1.0 Thermoflex A 1.0 Stearic Acid 3.0 Zinc Oxide
5.0 Dipac 1.0 Sulfur 2.5 Total: 158.5
This composition is cured at 280.degree.F. from 2.5 to 8.0 hours,
depending on thickness.
The composition of the elastomers employed between the support
belts in some embodiments (see FIGS. 2 and 3) can vary from that
set forth above.
Track belts made according to this invention have been successfully
field tested in earth-working environments, and were found suitable
for rock work on a loader having a 64-inch tire carcass.
In some applications where full drawbar loads may be transmitted
through a single track shoe coupled to the belt supports, it may be
desirable to bond the elastomer in the support belts 35 to the
channels 34 in the retainer elements or keepers 33 (see FIGS. 2 and
3). Such a bond increases the capacity to transfer torque through
the elastomeric couple without slippage, and the keepers are
fabricated with the belts on the drum 62.
Also, the wires 50 may be pre-coated with elastomer before they are
wound in the belts. Usually this pre-coating is preferred when
several of the wires are applied as a loosely twisted cable having
several strands. Such small cables are substantially inextensible
in comparison to large cable or wire rope, used in the prior art,
and function substantially the same as the individual wires,
especially when their individual wires are insulated from each
other by the elastomer so the fatigue life of the wires will not be
reduced due to fretting.
Normally, the completed track belt is assembled on a pneumatic tire
carcass having a design profile somewhat larger than the ID of the
track belt, by partially collapsing the conventional tire carcass.
After the track belt is in place, the tire is inflated and the
radial growth of the carcass is constricted by the track belt to a
diameter under its normal design profile. In a tire carcass
employing radial reinforcing, a similar technique may be employed
by also restricting its radial growth with the track belt.
In particular the instant track belt can be advantageously combined
with a radially reinforced tire carcass, such as disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 2,874,742 issued to Lugli when the track belt of this
invention is employed in place of the tread belt shown in Lugli.
Like the tread belt shown in Lugli the track belt of this invention
will be sized to constrict the carcass to an oval configuration
when assembled thereon. The pressure in the carcass will adequately
secure the track belt on the tire preventing both circumferential
and transverse slippage on the carcass. The disclosures of Lugli
concerning the carcass construction is incorporated herein by
reference.
The most desirable combination of the track belt of this invention
with a pneumatic tube tire carcass is with a filament reinforced,
helically wound tube tire carcass disclosed in the assignee's U.S.
copending Pat. application Ser. No. 835,499 filed June 23, 1969 by
Charles E. Grawey. When the instant track belt is combined with the
tube tire carcass disclosed in the referenced patent application a
superior wheel unit is formed for heavy duty application in work
vehicles which can be easily converted for lighter duty application
by removing the track belt and replacing it with the tread belt
disclosed in that application. The disclosure of the
above-referenced patent application is incorporated herein by
reference for disclosing the full details of this superior tube
tire carcass.
With the above type carcasses the track belts are preloaded and,
therefore, must be strong enough to accept the torque through the
track shoes along with the preload which in a 64-inch tire could be
in the range of 100,000 pounds. Using the small diameter steel
wires wound helically in the belts, the necessary belt strength can
be obtained for the required service condition with these types of
carcasses.
Since it may be difficult to collapse the tire carcass to assemble
a heavy track belt thereon, it is possible to assemble the track
shoes and belts on the tire carcass if the keepers 33 include
arcuate surfaces in their channels to shorten the belts as the tap
bolts 32 are tightened to achieve the compressive loading. An
example of a suitable arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 14. Since
the portion of flexible support belts within the central sections
of the keepers is maintained immobile, the resulting arcuate path
of the belts in these areas presents no difficulties.
In FIG. 2, the full belted embodiment is illustrated wherein the
keepers 33 are essentially molded in the belt so the ID of the belt
has a rubber surface 70 that engages a substantial portion of the
crown C of the tire carcass 22. In such an embodiment, the
coefficient of friction between the mating rubber surfaces is
generally sufficient to prevent transverse movement of the track
belt on the carcass and insure adequate drive to transmit the
necessary torque. In FIG. 4, a lug 71 is employed in the central
portion of each keeper 33 and is received in a circumferential
groove 72 in the tire carcass.
When the instant track belts are used over conventional bias angled
tire carcasses which shorten their circumference when deflected,
the track belts, having a constant circumference, may tend to shift
laterally (transversely) on these type carcasses. As a result the
centering devices described above will be typically employed with
bias angle tire carcasses, and not with the non-belted radial
carcasses. On bias angle tire carcasses and belted radial tire
carcasses the drive between track belt and the carcass may not be
so positive. Thus some small amount of slippage may be expected
between these carcasses and the track belt. Positive drive may be
enhanced by a mechanical lug connection (not shown) between the
track belt and these carcasses, if desired.
In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 5, the keepers 33 have
extended portions 33b in between the flexible support belts 35
which, with the underside of the associated track shoe 30, form a
limiting stop that limits the degree of movement of adjacent track
shoes, preventing a shearing action on the support belts when high
radial deflecting loadings act on a single track shoe. Similar
structures may be utilized with the dual support belt design
illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 6A. In fact, track belts so configured
could be employed in a track laying vehicle with appropriate
modifications (see FIG. 6A).
Within the channel 34 of the keepers 33, the support belts 35 are
held immobile with the bending or flexing occurring where the
support belts exit from these channels and the portions thereof
extending between the keepers. The neutral bending axis N of a
support belt is illustrated by a broken line in FIG. 8 and is
essentially in the middle of each support belt. When bending occurs
along this axis, some shifting of both the bending axis and the
individual wires in the belt matrix can be expected as the load
distributes on these reinforcing filaments. It is suspected that
through elastomer flow the individual wires shift slightly to
redistribute the load with the outer ply W moving toward the
bending axis through the elastomer since this requires no net
volume change within the elastomeric couple. Since each reinforcing
filament or groups thereof can be considered independently, the
above analysis may be somewhat simplistic, but it does serve to
illustrate that the couple is not rigid in the sense of metal
physically clamped against the filament. In this couple, the wires
can and do move to some extent along their axis during bending of
the belts thereby lessening high localized tension and/or
compressive loading on individual wires.
The construction of the preferred tire carcass 80 is shown in FIG.
15. It has an oval shape with an inextensible filament 81 helically
wound around a torus-shaped elastomer liner 82 and the resulting
loops covered with an outer elastomer casing 83. The air chamber is
inflated through valve stem 84 and when the carcass is mounted on a
rim with the track belt encircling its outer periphery the oval
configuration is maintained as the tire is pressurized since the
track belt is inextensible. Deflection of this tube tire carcass
occurs in the sidewalls and allows the outer circumference of the
carcass to remain substantially constant, becoming less oval in the
portions of the carcass away from the deflection point. Thus the
track belt is tightly retained on the carcass. An internal bumper
85 may be employed to limit the deflection and a centering rib 86
may be employed with cooperating rim structures to position the
tire carcass thereon. Roll restraining hoops 87 at the base of the
sidewalls and positioned inside the helically wound reinforcing
prevent the carcass from rolling off the rim due to lateral
loadings.
In the above description reference has been made repeatedly to
inextensible reinforcing filaments, such as high tensile strength
steel wires having diameters from 0.005 to 0.050 inches, which are
employed in the track belt. Other filaments meeting the tensile
strength requirements can be employed if they have a total
elongation of less than 5 percent. For the purposes of this
description a filament or small cable formed of such filaments
which have a total elongation of less than 5 percent shall be
considered to be inextensible in the context of the invention.
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