U.S. patent number 3,772,827 [Application Number 05/187,061] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-20 for plant tray irrigation system.
Invention is credited to R. Louis Ware.
United States Patent |
3,772,827 |
Ware |
November 20, 1973 |
PLANT TRAY IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Abstract
A plant tray irrigation system is disclosed in which a plurality
of trays are spaced atop each other. A pumping system from a
reservoir tray at the bottom of the unit delivers water on a timed
basis to the top tray. Each tray is provided with an overlow having
a peripheral rim determining the depth of water in the tray for the
overflow, and in addition a drain having a ridge, its perimeter
insuring a small amount of water in the base of the tray, and a
drain guide wick which is positioned centrally of the drain ridge
and dimpled to provide for capillary action to drain and dry the
tray when the irrigation is concluded. A drain guide in the form of
a string or elastic vertically oriented member which is secured at
the base of the dimple of the drain guide wick, and anchored to the
tray below guides the drainage in a steady stream to inhibit
dripping and splashing. In one embodiment, the drain guide wick and
overflow are provided at an offset in the tray so that the tray can
be positioned piggyback fashion atop a light tray for supplying
growth-type light to the plants positioned on the tray beneath.
Inventors: |
Ware; R. Louis (Northfield,
IL) |
Family
ID: |
22687458 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/187,061 |
Filed: |
October 6, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
47/39; D6/558;
47/62R; D11/144 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01G
9/022 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
A01G
9/02 (20060101); A01g 009/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;47/1.2,14,16,34.12,38-39 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Bagwill; Robert E.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A plant tray irrigation system comprising, in combination,
a plurality of trays formed to retain a plurality of potted plants
and having a bottom and peripheral side walls surrounding the
bottom to retain moisture flooded therein,
means stacking said trays one beneath the other in spaced apart
relationship,
ridges in the bottom of each tray to permit water flow beneath
potted plants,
a reservoir beneath the bottom one of said stacked trays,
a drain port provided in each tray for draining flooded moisture
contained therein to the tray therebeneath and a reservoir
below,
said drain port having a peripheral ridge to predetermine the
selected level of moisture in the trays while irrigating,
wick means covering and in fluid communication with each said drain
port,
and pump means in fluid communication with the reservoir and top
tray for circulating the water from the reservoir to the top tray
for cascade-like irrigation of all trays.
2. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 1,
wherein said wick means comprises of a capillary material formed to
overlie the entire drain port and extend in fluid communication
with water in the tray thereabove,
a dimple provided in the central portion of said wick and
protruding downwardly through the drain port ridge to drain
moisture from the tray to descend to the tray or reservoir
therebeneath,
whereby, after pumping has ceased, the trays are dried by means of
the dimpled wicks on each tray leading the moisture retained on the
trays through the drain port and ultimately down to the
reservoir.
3. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 2 above,
a drain guide secured at the base of each dimpled wick at the base
of the dimple,
and means on the tray therebeneath for anchoring said drain guide
to the tray therebeneath.
4. In a plant tray irrigation system of the character defined in
claim 3 above,
said drain guide being formed of a linear-like material such as
thread or nylon filament, and stretched in generally vertical
orientation from the base of the dimpled wick on the tray above to
the anchor means on the tray below.
5. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 4 above,
said drain guide being formed of a taut elastic material to assist
in the maintenance of the dimpled center of each dimpled wick.
6. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 2 above,
an overflow port formed in the base of each tray bottom and having
a ridge about its periphery extending a heighth above each tray in
excess of the height of the ridge about the drain port.
7. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 3 above,
said plant tray being generally rectangular in configuration with a
long axis at least twice the width of the unit,
an offset portion along one long edge of said tray containing the
wick, drain port, and dimpled portion of the wick,
each tray positioned therebeneath having a corresponding offset
portion to receive the water cascading from one tray down to the
next,
and means secured to and depending from the side walls of said
trays for securing a light source beneath the bottom of each of the
trays,
whereby the irrigation system proceeds in a dimensionally offset
relationship to the trays and light source therebeneath thus
providing for full lighting of each tray in plane projection
uninhibited by the irrigation system elements.
8. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 1 above,
an overflow port formed in the base of each tray bottom and having
a ridge about its periphery extending a heighth above each tray in
excess of the height of the ridge about the drain port.
9. In the plant tray irrigation system of claim 1 above,
said plant tray being generally rectangular in configuration with a
long axis at least twice the width of the unit,
an offset portion along one long edge of said tray containing the
drain port,
each tray positioned therebeneath having a corresponding offset
portion to receive the water cascading from one tray down to the
next,
and means secured to and depending from each tray for securing a
light source beneath the bottom of each of the trays, whereby the
irrigation system proceeds in a dimensionally offset relationship
to the trays and light source therebeneath thus providing for full
lighting of each tray in plane projection uninhibited by the
irrigation system elements.
Description
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to artificial growth systems in which
growth type lighting in elongate tubes is provided. The invention
is directed to an irrigation system which can flood the base of
potted plants in each tray for a predetermined period of time, and
thereafter drain the trays to dryness. Splash inhibiting features
are employed along with an optional offset of the irrigation
elements to permit a light tray positioned beneath each plant
supporting tray.
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION
The prior art is generally exemplified in Louis Ware U.S. Pat. No.
3,529,379 which discloses movable trays and a lighting system
positioned centrally.
The prior art as disclosed in the subject Ware U.S. Pat. No.
3,529,379 is quite efficient, but involves moving trays which
introduce an additional expense to the unit. In many merchandising
applications where plants are positioned for display in stores and
other heavily trafficked areas, a less expensive display unit with
fixed trays is desirable, but must be provided with automatic
watering facilities to insure minimization of loss. Naturally to
minimize the cost, moving parts must be sacrificed in favor of
fixed parts, but without a corresponding sacrifice of thorough
irrigation.
SUMMARY
An irrigation system is provided exemplary of the present invention
where a plurality of plant supporting trays are provided in a
generally vertical parallel orientation. Each tray includes an
overflow, and a drain guide wick which is positioned within a drain
port having a peripheral ridge which predetermines the depth of
water normally in the tray during the irrigation cycle. A drain
guide wick of a porous capillary type material is spread over the
drain port and atop its ridges and in to and on top of the flat
tray to attract moisture which is in the tray and guide the same
down through a dimple provided at the central portion of the drain
guide wick to permit the water to cascade down to the tray below.
Optionally but desirably a drain guide is secured in fluid flow
relationship with the drain guide wick, preferably at the central
portion of the dimple of the drain guide wick, and secured to a
drain guide anchor at the tray below. The material of the drain
guide may be a generally transparent nylon filament, and will
attract water dropping through the drain port and confine the same
on to the drain guide thereby reducing a tendency to drop,
splatter, and splash on the plants positioned on the tray below. In
an alternative embodiment, the drain port, overflow, and drain
guide wick are positioned at on offset relationship to the tray, so
that a light tray can be positioned beneath each tray, and serve to
illuminate and provide the growth energy light sources for the
plants contained on the tray below.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an
irrigation system for a plurality of trays without moving parts,
and with means for insuring a timed flooding of the tray, and a
drying of the tray thereafter to avoid leaving the plants contained
on the tray in water soaked relationship. In short, the plants in
pots which are on each tray must alternatively be watered, and then
permitted to dry.
Another object of the invention is to provide an irrigation system
for a plurality of trays which is sufficiently flexible to be
positioned at most any location within the tray.
Still a further object of the present invention is to provide an
irrigation system for plant trays which is self-draining, and
self-flushing to the end that clogging of the principal flooding
control and draining element is reduced, and in addition providing
an overflow in the event of clogging so that permanent damage will
not be done to the entire system by overflowing.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide for a
plant tray irrigation system which is inexpensive, simple to
maintain, and relatively trouble free in operation.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent as the following description proceeds, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying illustrative drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a frontal perspective view of a partially assembled
display rack in which the irrigation system of the present
invention finds utility.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a typical tray as employed in the display
rack illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view enlarged taken through a
midpoint of the display rack illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged transverse sectional view taken at the lower
portion of the drain guide showing its attachment to the tray
bottom, the same being enlarged as illustrated in phantom lines at
the lower portion of FIG. 3.
FIG. 5 is a plan view in enlarged detail illustrating the
positioning of the wick on top of the tray bottom.
FIG. 6 is a transverse sectional enlarged view of the wick and tray
bottom showing the relationship of the same with the irrigation
tube taken generally along section line 6--6 of FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged transverse sectional view of an alternative
embodiment display rack taken from the same general section as that
shown in FIG. 3.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the alternative embodiment tray
illustrating in phantom lines alternative embodiments thereon.
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a light shelf, reduced in size from the
light shelf shown in FIG. 7 but at the approximate same scale as
the tray shown in FIG. 8 taken from the underneath portion of the
light shelf as oriented in FIG. 7.
DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENT
Referring now to FIG. 1, it will be seen that the irrigation system
of the present invention finds its principal utility in a display
rack 10 of the character shown in FIG. 1. The display rack 10
includes a pair of opposed vertically oriented end posts 11, and
means for supporting a plurality of grow light tubes 12 between the
end posts oriented horizontally. A plurality of tray brackets 14
are adjustably secured to the end posts 11, and extend outwardly in
cantilever fashion to support a plurality of trays 15. A tie bar 16
is provided at the top to join the two end posts 11, and a
corresponding tie bar 18 is employed at the lower portion of the
display rack 10 to join the end posts 11. Utilities such as
electrical wiring to support the energy function for the grow light
tubes 12, timing wires, timers, and the like may also be housed in
the tie bars 16, 18 which join the respective end posts 11. The
entire unit is supported by a pair of opposed feet 19 insertable
into the end posts 11.
A water reservoir 20 in the form of a tub is provided beneath the
display rack 10 and generally takes the dimension defined by the
planar area projected downwardly from the pairs of trays 15, and
somewhat shorter in length than the distance between the two
display rack feet 19. Contained within the water reservoir 20 is a
submerged pump 21 which picks up the water contained in the water
reservoir 20 and pumps the same through a pipe 22. As will be
observed at the upper portion of FIG. 1, the pipe 22 is continuous
and has a pipe outlet 24 which takes the water which is pumped by
the submersible pump 21 from the reservoir 20 and discharges the
same on the top tray 15 which is the initial stage of the
irrigation system employed in the display rack 10.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3 in particular, it will be seen that
the tray 15 has four tray walls 26 surrounding the same and
defining an area upon which flower pots 50 may be rested. These
flower pots 50 set atop a plurality of tray ribs 25 provided in the
tray bottom 28. The precise configuration of the tray ribs 25 is of
lesser importance than the functional result achieved by the tray
ribs 25, namely, providing a drainage area beneath each flower pot
50 so that on the off portion of the cycle the underneath portion
of each flower pot 50 may dry completely.
Referring now more specifically to FIG. 3, it will be seen that
each tray bottom 28 is provided with a wick 30 which is in
hydraulic communication with the water resting in the bottom of the
tray 15 on the bottom 28 and spaced from the flower pots 50 by the
ribs 25. The wick 30 is formed in a generally rectangular
configuration as shown in FIG. 5 and cut from a porous type plastic
material which is selected for its good capillary action for
soaking up and delivering the water in the bottom of the tray 28 to
the shelf or tray therebeneath when the water level for irrigation
is predetermined by the irrigation ridge 31. Optionally,
particularly as illustrated in FIG. 6, an irrigation tube 32 may be
provided beneath the wick 30 to serve the twofold purpose of
providing the irrigation ridge 31 at its upper portion, and
confining the water which is delivered downwardly by means of the
open mouth at the bottom of the irrigation tube 32.
An overflow 35, as will be nothd in FIG. 3, is provided in the form
of an upstanding tube which extends above the tray bottom 28 a
distance somewhat in excess of the heighth of the irrigation ridge
31. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the overflow outlet 35 is connected
with an overflow tube 36 with an overflow outlet at its lower
portion, positioned immediately above the tray 15 beneath the tray
in which the overflow 35 is fixed. The purpose of the overflow is
to insure that in the unlikely event that one of the wicks 30
becomes clogged, and fluid cannot pass through the irrigation tube
32, that the overflow water will drain down into the tray
therebeneath and not flood the clogged tray 15 wherein the overflow
35 is positioned. Optionally, the wick 30 may be extended to
surround the overflow 35, and therefore the overflow 35 serves as
an anchor for positioning the wick 30 in combination with the ridge
31.
Particularly as noted in FIG. 3, it will be seen that a drain guide
40 is employed which is secured to the base of the dimple 45
provided in the central portion of the wick 30. The dimple 45, as
shown in FIG. 6, is not secured to a drain guide 40, but
nonetheless assists in directing the water which is picked up from
the tray bottom 28 by the wick 30 into the irrigation tube 35 and
thereafter to the tray below. By providing a drain guide 40, in
hydraulic communication with the lower portion of the dimple 45,
water will pass directly down the drain guide 40 and not splash on
the tray below, thereby insuring irrigation by flooding the bottom
of the flower pots and not splashing on preselected ones of the
flower pots to the exclusion of another. The drain guide 40 may be
formed of thread, nylon filament, or indeed of elastic material.
The drain guide 40 is secured, as illustrated in FIG. 4, by an
anchor on the tray 28 which is shown in the form of a screw
fastener. Other anchors are contemplated, the purpose primarily
being to insure a generally vertical orientation of the drain guide
40.
An alternative embodiment of the irrigation system disclosed and
described above in connection with FIGS. 1 through 6 is shown in
FIGS. 7, 8 and 9. For convenience and illustrating the community of
relationship between the various elements, the same reference
numerals will be used in describing the alternative embodiment
where the parts are substantially the same. Referring now to FIG.
7, it will be seen that the flower pots 50 set atop ridges 25 on
the tray bottom 28. The trays 15 have tray walls 26 running around
the entire perimeter as particularly illustrated in FIG. 8. A light
shelf 60 is positioned beneath each tray 15, and contains a
plurality of the grow light tubes 12 oriented in planar
relationship to the flower pots 50 therebeneath, to the end that
the light is directed from above the plants contained in the flower
pots 50 as contradistinguished from the side light source referred
to in the embodiment described in connection with FIGS. 1 through
6. Because the light tray 60, as illustrated in FIG. 9, is
generally rectangular and has a flat upper surface, it can be used
as a basic shelf and is so used as the light shelves 60 are
positioned atop the tray brackets 14. A light shelf clip 61
connects the light shelf 60 with the tray 15 in a removable
relationship so that the trays can be taken off with all the flower
pots 50 intact if this is drsired, or otherwise removed for
cleaning, replacement, and the like.
A cascade well 62 is provided preferably at the rear portion of
each tray 15 as illustrated in FIG. 8. The cascade well 62 is made
up by a cascade end wall 64 which is offsettingly opposed to the
tray wall 26, and the cascade bottom 65 is in open communication
with an extension of the tray bottom 28. The cascade side walls 66
render the cascade well 62 in hydraulic communication with the
interior portion of the tray 15 and the water contained therein by
means of the tray walls 26. While the cascade well 62 has been
shown in FIG. 8 primarily as at the rear portion of the tray 15, it
will be appreciated from the phantom lines shown about each of the
side wells of the tray 15 illustrated in FIG. 8 that alternative
locations for the cascade well 62 are contemplated. The
desirability of locating the cascade well 62 at the rear portion is
illustrated on the left-hand side of FIG. 7 where it will be seen
that the cascade wells are hidden and in vertical juxtaposed
relationship at the central portion of the display bracket and in
the area between the end posts 11.
Further as will be noted in FIG. 7, the cascade well 62 includes a
wick 30, an irrigation ridge 31, and a dimple 45 which function
similarly to the wick 30 and dimple 45 in combination with the
irrigation ridge 31 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 through 6.
In operation, as set forth above, the submerged pump 21 is
activated, normally with its cycle determined by a timer, both as
to duration, as well as spaced periods of irrigation. The water
from the reservoir 20 then proceeds upwardly through the irrigation
pipe 22 to the outlet of the irrigation water 24 and thence on to
the top trays 15. As the water wets the entire tray bottom 28 of
the upper tray 15, the same will migrate toward the wick 30 at the
central portion of the upper tray 15. The water is then soaked up
by the wick 30, carried up above the irrigation ridge 31, down
through the dimple 45, and along the drain guide 40 to the tray 15
below. In the event of clogging, as set forth above, an overflow 35
is provided and may be in varying forms. After the trays have all
received a complement of water to a level determined by the
irrigation ridge 31, the timer will turn off the submerged pump 21,
and the plants in the flower pots 50 sitting atop the ridges 25
will have had an opportunity through the capillary action of the
water through the hole in the bottom of the flower pot or other
porous material at the bottom of the flower pot to become moist. To
continue flooding the flower pots 50 would cause rot and a drowning
of the plants. To this end, the wick 30 is provided at a position
at a low point on the tray 15, and the water drains to this
location and is soaked up by the wick 30 and delivered to the tray
therebeneath in the drying process.
In a typical embodiment, the watering cycle will vary from 10 to 20
minutes, and be watered two or three times per day. A 5- to
20-gallon water charge in the reservoir 20 is sufficient. When
nutrients are desirably delivered to the plants in the pots 50, the
same may be added to the reservoir 20.
In review it will be seen that two embodiments of an irrigation
system employed in the display rack have been disclosed. In each
instance the means is provided to prevent overflow in the event of
clogging, and to further soak up the water after the irrigation
cycle is concluded and lead the same downwardly into a reservoir.
The operation is such that the plants are watered from the bottom
up, and yet not permitted to persist in standing water. In one
embodiment a light shelf is shown with the light source generally
oriented in a horizontal plane above the pots 50, and in the other
embodiment the light members are oriented in a vertical plane. The
cascading arrangement of the cascade wells as disclosed in the
embodiment with the light shelves provide for continuity in flow,
and an unobstructed lower portion of the support trays in
combination with the light shelf.
Although particular embodiments of the invention have been shown
and described in full here, there is no intention to thereby limit
the invention to the details of such embodiments. On the contrary,
the intention is to cover all modifications, alternatives,
embodiments, usages and equivalents of a plant tray irrigation
system as fall within the spirit and scope of the invention,
specification and the appended claims.
* * * * *