U.S. patent number 3,772,500 [Application Number 05/157,551] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-13 for electrical heating envelopes.
Invention is credited to Jacques P. Thibault.
United States Patent |
3,772,500 |
Thibault |
November 13, 1973 |
ELECTRICAL HEATING ENVELOPES
Abstract
An electrical heating envelope which includes a metallic layer
interposed between a vessel, the contents of which are to be
heated, and the heating elements which supply the thermal energy.
The metallic layer will typically be comprised of non-magnetic
material and a layer of resilient insulating material may be
positioned between the plate and vessel.
Inventors: |
Thibault; Jacques P. (Paris,
FR) |
Family
ID: |
22564226 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/157,551 |
Filed: |
June 28, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
219/535; 219/430;
219/432; 219/433; 219/437; 219/439; 219/521; 219/530; 219/531 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01L
7/00 (20130101); H05B 3/58 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B01L
7/00 (20060101); H05B 3/58 (20060101); H05B
3/54 (20060101); H05b 003/58 () |
Field of
Search: |
;219/437,439,441,462,521,528-529,530,535,432,433,434,435,436,438,449,450,457,245
;338/230 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Foreign Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
780,085 |
|
Jul 1957 |
|
GB |
|
838,497 |
|
Jun 1960 |
|
GB |
|
169,295 |
|
Oct 1933 |
|
CH |
|
Primary Examiner: Mayewsky; Volodymyr Y.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. An electrical heating envelope for supporting and heating
containers comprising:
a housing;
vessel receiving means disposed within said housing, said vessel
receiving means having a first surface which defines a recess
shaped to receive a container to be heated, said receiving means
being comprised of thermal insulating material;
electrically energized heating means positioned on and
substantially conforming to said receiving means first surface,
said heating means comprising a plurality of resistors embedded in
a metallic layer; and
a layer of thermal insulating fabric material coating the external
surface of said heating means metallic layer whereby containers to
be heated are disposed in said recess on said fabric material
coating.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
means for sensing the temperature of said metallic layer and for
generating a signal commensurate therewith.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said temperature sensing means
comprises a thermocouple embedded in said metallic layer.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said metallic layer defines a
path for the circulation of a coolant.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to heating of the contents of vessels
such as, for example, containers comprised of glass. More
specifically, this invention is directed to electrical heating
envelopes for industrial or domestic use. Accordingly, the general
objects of the present invention are to provide novel and improved
methods and apparatus of such character.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Methods of and apparatus for electrically heating the contents of a
flask or other container are well known in the art. The typical
prior art device will comprise a generally cylindrical shaped outer
envelope which may, for example, be comprised of aluminum. The
envelope forms a housing for resistors which function as heating
elements. The resistors are usually insulated by glass or asbestos
braiding and are sewn within asbestos fabric placed between two
glass fiber layers. The insulating and supporting medium for the
resistors is positioned in such a manner as to distribute the
resistors regularly about the entire lower surface of a vessel
which may receive the substances to be heated.
The prior art heated envelopes of the type briefly discussed above
are characterized by a number of well known deficiencies. Firstly,
the heat transfer efficiency of these devices is not particularly
high. Secondly, in cases where the actual container for the
material to be heated is comprised of a material such as glass
which fractures easily, the prior art devices provide no protection
for the heating elements which may become damaged by the contents
of the container in the case of a container wall failure.
Further deficiencies of prior art heating envelopes include the
fact that they typically are not flameproof and therefor pose a
safety hazard. Also, in the interest of regulating the operating
temperature, prior art heating envelopes have provided only for the
control of current to the heating elements or resistors.
Considering the mass of the resistors, this is at best a slow
control method which is lacking in precision.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention overcomes the above discussed and other
deficiencies and disadvantages of the prior art by providing a
novel and improved technique for electrically heating the contents
of containers and a heating envelope for use in the practice of
such technique. In accordance with the present invention, a
metallic plate member is interposed between the heating elements
and the recipient of the heat. The metallic plate member will
preferably be comprised of a non-magnetic material and a sheet of
insulating fabric may be positioned between the plate and heat
recipient.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the metallic
plate member is in the form of a block which is sufficiently thick
so as to enable the heating element resistors to be embedded
therein. The block may also be provided with passages through which
a coolant may be circulated in the interest of temperature control.
Also in the interest of temperature control, the invention may
include a thermocouple or equivalent device which senses the
temperature of the metallic plate and, through appropriate
circuitry, regulates the flow of current to the heating elements
and/or the flow of coolant through the passages in the metallic
plate member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The present invention may be better understood and its numerous
objects and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the
art by reference to the accompanying drawing wherein like reference
numerals refer to like elements in the several figures and in
which:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional, side elevation view of a first
embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional, side elevation view of a second
embodiment of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS:
With reference now to FIG. 1, the housing for the heating appliance
of the present invention is indicated at 1. Housing 1, which may be
comprised of any suitable material, will typically have a
cylindrical outer shape and the voids therein will be filled with a
thermal insulating material 2 of glass wool or other equivalent
material.
A non-magnetic sheet metal member 3 is shaped so as to provide a
seat for a container, not shown, which will function as the
recipient of heat produced by the present invention. Thus, by way
of example, plate 3 may be contoured so as to receive a glass flask
and the plate may be provided with a tubular neck receiving portion
4 which accepts the tubular necks with which certain flasks are
provided.
The heating element for the embodiment of FIG. 1 comprises a
plurality of resistors 5 which are sewn, in a manner well known in
the art, into and enveloped by an asbestos sheet 6. The metallic
member 3 is covered by another asbestos sheet member 7 which
prevents contact between the heat recipient and the heated metallic
member 3. Asbestos sheet 7 also compensates for small differences
in shape and size between the recipient container and the contour
of member 3.
Electric current for heating purposes is delivered to the resistors
5 via a standard connector 8. The delivery of current to the
resistors and the operation of the invention are in accordance with
well known technology and will not be described herein.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the second disclosed embodiment of the
invention will be described only insofar as it departs structurally
from the previously described embodiment. A principal difference
between the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2 is that the non-magnetic
sheet metal member 3 is in the form of a block 11 in the FIG. 2
embodiment. As shown, in the FIG. 2 embodiment the metallic block
11 will be sufficiently thick so as to enable the resistors 5 to be
embedded therein. The metallic block may be obtained by casting or
by metalization; that is, by pulverizing the material on a bed of
fabric which is preferably the insulating fabric, the electrical
resistors becoming embedded during the pulverization. The metallic
block may also be produced by other equivalent processes.
Also in accordance with the FIG. 2 embodiment, the member 11 may be
provided with a refrigeration circuit defined by tubes or passages
12 formed in or enveloped by the material which defines the block
11. A coolant may be circulated through passages 12 when it is
desired to rapidly reduce the temperature of member 11 and the
contents of the heat recipient container.
It is to be noted that the asbestos sheet member 7 of the FIG. 2
embodiment may be either separate from the member 11 or may be
integral therewith depending upon the method of manufacture
employed in the fabrication of the metal block.
As shown in FIG. 2, the connector 8 is liquid-tight and flameproof.
The connector housing contains a conventional temperature regulator
10 which is supplied with an input signal from a thermocouple 9;
thermocouple 9 either being embedded in member 11 or in contact
with an inner surface of metal member 11. The operation of and
circuitry comprising temperature regulator 10 are in accordance
with the state of the art and will not be described in detail
herein. It is to be noted, however, that the thermocouple and
regulator provide for the automatic control of the extent of
heating through controlling the delivery of current to the heating
elements. In this manner, the temperature of the applicance may be
maintained below the minimum temperature above which a flash may be
produced. A flash could result either through breakage of the
heated recipient flask or by passage of vapors escaping from the
flask into contact with the block 11.
If deemed desirable, the regulator 10 may also be employed to
control the flow of collant through the passages 6.
As will now be obvious to those skilled in the art, the present
invention provides for better protection of the heating resistors
in the case of breakage of the heat recipient container. Similarly,
the use of a non-magnetic heat transfer member, in the nature of
metal member 3 and 11, permits agitation to be affected from below
by magnetic means. The asbestos sheet 7 prevents direct contact
between the heated surface of metal members 3 and 11 and the walls
of the recipient container.
While preferred embodiments have been shown and described, various
modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without
departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus,
while the invention has been described in the environment of a
heating envelope for delivering thermal energy to flasks and other
containers, it may be applied to such devices as heated reactors,
heated funnels, heated muffs, heated feeding bottles, heated
basins, heated fondues and other devices. Accordingly, it is to be
understood that the present invention has been described by way of
illustration and not limitation.
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