U.S. patent number 3,772,466 [Application Number 05/201,749] was granted by the patent office on 1973-11-13 for loud speaker system.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Faser- und Kunststoff Presswerk Romen K.G., a Kommanditgesellschaft. Invention is credited to Erich Hossbach.
United States Patent |
3,772,466 |
Hossbach |
November 13, 1973 |
LOUD SPEAKER SYSTEM
Abstract
This invention relates to a loudspeaker system comprising a
directly energized high frequency diaphragm and at least one low
frequency diaphragm accoustically coupled to the high frequency
diaphragm through a substantially enclosed air space having a
predetermined volume and surface area whereby the frequency of
vibrations transmitted there through may be controlled.
Inventors: |
Hossbach; Erich (Muhlen,
Neumarkt, DT) |
Assignee: |
Faser- und Kunststoff Presswerk
Romen K.G., a Kommanditgesellschaft (N/A)
|
Family
ID: |
5789040 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/201,749 |
Filed: |
November 24, 1971 |
Foreign Application Priority Data
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Nov 25, 1970 [DT] |
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P 20 57 905.9 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
381/184; 181/163;
381/396 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04R
1/2834 (20130101); H04R 7/122 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04R
1/28 (20060101); H04R 7/00 (20060101); H04R
7/12 (20060101); H04r 009/06 () |
Field of
Search: |
;179/115.5R,116,115.5PS,181 ;181/31R,31B,32R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Claffy; Kathleen H.
Assistant Examiner: Kundert; Thomas L.
Claims
I claim:
1. A loudspeaker system comprising
an energising system,
a high frequency diaphragm having at least one predetermined
surface,
means for coupling said energising system to said high frequency
diaphragm,
a low frequency diaphragm having at least one predetermined
surface,
Air-tight resilient means for physically connecting said
predetermined surface of said high frequency diaphragm at the outer
edge thereof with a portion of said predetermined surface of said
low frequency diaphragm whereby a volume of air is totally enclosed
between said high frequency diaphragm, said portion of said low
frequency diaphragm and said physical connecting means,
said predetermined surface of said high frequency diaphragm as
defined thereon by said connecting means is greater in area then
said portion of said surface of said low frequency diaphragm
defined by said connecting means
whereby a small movement of the high frequency diaphragm is
transformed into a large movement of the low frequency diaphragm by
the enclosed volume of air.
2. A loudspeaker system according to claim 1 Wherein the energising
system comprises a magnet system
located in a position adjacent to a surface of said high frequency
diaphragm other than the said predetermined surface whereof a
portion is connected with said means for physically connecting said
high frequency diaphragm to said low frequency diaphragm.
3. A loudspeaker system according to claim 1 wherein said low
frequency diaphragm has a conical cross section and
said means for physically connecting a portion of the predetermined
surface of said high frequency diaphragm to said low frequency
diaphragm is located upon said low frequency diaphragm so as to
define upon the predetermined surface thereof an area encompassing
the central portion of said low frequency diaphragm wherein the
axis of rotation of the cone defining the conical section of said
low frequency diaphragm is also the axis of rotation of the area of
surface thus defined.
4. A loudspeaker system in accordance with claim 1 wherein the said
high frequency diaphragm and said low frequency diaphragm are of
frusto conical cross section and said means for physically
connecting a portion of the predetermined surface of said high
frequency diaphragm with a portion of the predetermined surface of
said low frequency diaphragm is so located that the portions of
said predetermined surfaces thus defined are located so that the
axis of rotation of said portions is other than the axis of
rotation of the frusto conical section.
5. A loudspeaker system according to claim 4 wherein the axis of
rotation of said low frequency diaphragm is substantially common
with the axis of rotation of said high frequency diaphragm and
said high frequency diaphragm and said low frequency diaphragm lie
in the same hemisphere of arc having a common axis of rotation with
said conical section.
6. A loudspeaker system according to claim 5 wherein the angle of
arc subtended by the high frequency diaphragm to said common axis
of rotation is the same as that subtended by said low frequency to
said axis of rotation.
7. A loudspeaker system according to claim 1 wherein said means
physically connecting said high frequency to said low frequency
diaphragm are rippled members.
Description
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
As is well known, the radiation of high and low frequencies makes
different demands on the loudspeaker system. A small, light-weight
diaphragm is suitable for radiating high frequencies, whereas large
diaphragms are necessary for radiating low frequencies.
It is part of standard practice for one and the same magnet system
to be used for energising, with the aid of the same speech coil,
both a low-frequency diaphragm and a high-frequency diaphragm in
the form of a small cone held in place by an adhesive. The
disadvantage of that arrangement, however, is that the amplitudes
of vibration of the high and low frequency diaphragms are the same
and that the overall frequency response of the speaker is
unsatisfactory. Another method already tried is to fit, in the
vicinity of a diaphragm driven by the operating pulse system, a
second diaphragm having a different radiation surface area, which
is also caused to vibrate. Even these arrangements have failed to
fulfil all requirements as to the quality of sound
reproduction.
It is further recognized that it is desirable, for good sound
reproduction over the entire audio-frequency range, for the
low-frequency diaphragm to vibrate at high amplitude, if the
necessary speaker performance is to be achieved over the
low-frequency range, whereas a lower amplitude of vibration
suffices for the high-frequency diaphragm.
Hence it was deemed desirable to provide a loudspeaker system that
requires only one energising assembly but in which the low
frequency diaphragm vibrates at a higher amplitude than the
high-frequency diaphragm. As used herein, the term "high frequency"
applies to all frequencies above the bass and might therefore
equally well be termed "medium-high frequency."
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises an energising system, suitably a
speech coil activated by a magnetic assembly of conventional
nature, a high frequency diaphragm having at least one
predetermined surface preferably having two sides, said diaphragm
being accoustically activated by said energising system, at least
one low frequency diaphragm having at least one predetermined
surface, and means for physically connecting a portion of the
predetermined surface of said high frequency diaphragm to a portion
of the predetermined surface of said low frequency diaphragm.
The connecting means are so arranged that the thus defined portions
of said predetermined surface areas are located at predetermined
sectors of the surface of said disphragms.
The said portions of said predetermined surfaces of said low
frequency and said high frequency diaphragm taken together with
said connecting means provided substantially enclosed volume of air
having a predetermined volume and a predetermined total surface
area.
The diaphragms may optionally be conical, suitably frustroconical
in section. The surface means of said diaphragm comprise a central
area which may be defined as that portion thereof through which the
axis of rotation of the cone passes, and the side areas may be
defined as those portions of the surface area of the cone through
which the axis of rotation of the cone would not pass.
The arrangement of the diaphragms and their accoustical coupling to
each other are described in detail in the various modification
herein below.
There are various possible ways examplified below, each with its
attendant special advantages, of assembling the diaphragm coupling
system and forming the enclosed air space. Thus in one particularly
compact arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1, the magnet system may be
fitted within the fully enclosed air space. An even shallower
construction can be achieved by arranging the magnet system on that
side of the high-frequency diaphragm which faces away from the
enclosed air space.
In these arrangements, the enclosed air space lies adjacent to the
central portion of the conical low-frequency diaphragm.
It may also be advantageous, however, to arrange for the enclosed
air space to lie adjacent to a ring-shaped portion formed by the
sides of the frusto-conical low-frequency diaphragms. In that case,
the low-frequency diaphragm and the high-frequency diaphragm should
be designed as cones lying one inside the other, preferably of
equal slope, on a common axis.
To enable the diaphragm to carry out purely piston-like or
to-and-fro movement in the axial direction, it is desirable that
part of the surface bounding the totally enclosed air space should
be made in the form of a flexible member, said flexible member may
be bellows or rippled members of the usual type.
The invention is not limited to the use of diaphragms positioned
coaxially one within the other; they can also be coupled together
by the enclosed air space when the diaphragms for the high and low
fequencies lie side by side, the enclosed air space then taking the
form of a tube or duct.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional elevational view of one embodiment of a
loudspeaker system of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional elevational view of a second embodiment
of a loudspeaker system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional elevational view showing one half of
the cross section of a third embodiment of the present
invention.
FIG. 4 is a cross sectional elevational view of one half of the
cross section of a further modification of the third embodiment of
the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross sectional elevational view of a fourth embodiment
of a loudspeaker system of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross sectional elevational view of a fifth embodiment
of a loudspeaker system of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The embodiment of the loudspeaker system shown in FIG. 1 comprises
a low frequency diaphragm, 1, and a high frequency diaphragm, 2,
both having conical cross section. The energising system is
attached to the high frequency diaphragm. In this embodiment the
energising system comprises a magnet assembly 4, a speaker coil 40
situated in the air gap of said magnet assembly 4 and energised by
the same, and a coupling means 3, one end of which is attached to
coil 40 and the other end of which is attached to diaphragm 2 The
outer edge of low frequency diaphragm 1 is connected to a chassis
6, by a connecting means, suitably a flexible connecting means such
as a bellows 5. The chassis 6 is suitably in the form of an
openwork truncated cone and incorporates a ring, 7. Attached to the
central part of the conical low-frequency diaphragm 1 is a
connecting means, suitably a flexible connecting means, such as a
bellows 8 which surrounds the magnet assembly, the other end of
said connecting means 8 is connected to a rigid funnel-shaped part,
9, of the chassis 6. The ring 7 is attached at one end thereof to a
connecting means, suitably a flexible connecting means such as a
bellows 10. The other end of said connecting means being joined to
the outer edge of the high frequency diaphragm 2 this arrangement
results in the production of a totally enclosed air space. The
various connecting means in combination with funnel 9 define its
specific portions of the predetermined surfaces of diaphragms 1 and
2. The surface areas of said enclosed air space may be more
particularly defined as being bounded by the following surfaces:
the high frequency diaphragm 2, the bellows 10, the funnel-shaped
part 9, the bellows 8 and the central portion of the low-frequency
diaphragm 1. Within this space lies the magnet assembly 4, which is
joined to the part 9 by braces or arms.
A further flexible connecting means, suitably a bellows, 11, has
one end thereof attached to the central portion of the
high-frequency diaphragm and the other end thereof to a ring, 12,
located on the magnet assembly, 4, which is provided for centring
the high-frequency diaphragm. The central portion of high-frequency
diaphragm cone 2 is closed.
In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2 the magnet assembly 4 is
arranged not inside the enclosed air space but outside it being
situated within the cone of space defined the high-frequency
diaphragm 2. In this case the speech coil is attached to one end of
a cylindrical carrier, 13, the other end of which is attached to
the central portion of high frequency diaphragm 2. The outer edge
of the diaphragm 2 has attached thereto a rippled member 14, the
other end of which is joined to chassis 6. A flexible connecting
member such as a bellows 15 has one end attached to magnet assembly
4 and the other end thereof to the central portion of diaphragm 2.
The outer edge of the low frequency diaphragm 1 is attached to a
rippled member 16, the other end of which is attached the chassis
66. Similarly a connecting member suitably a flexible connecting
member such as bellows 8' is, as in the first embodiment connected
at one end thereof to the central portion of low frequency
diaphragm 1 but at the other end thereof directly to the
predetermined surface of high frequency diaphragm 2. Thus
connecting member 8' itself defines specific portions of the
predetermined surfaces of diaphragm 1 and 2 which constitute
portions of the surface area of said enclosed air space which may
be more particularly defined as being bounded by the high frequency
diaphragm 2, the chassis 6, bellows 8, and the central portion of
the low-frequency diaphragm 1.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the diaphragms are arranged in such a
manner that together they produce one conical diaphragm. The
high-frequency diaphragm 17 is attached at one end thereof to the
energising coil member 18 and at the other end thereof to one end
of a rippled member 19, the other end of said member 19 being
contacted to the low frequency diaphragm 20. Another rippled member
21 is connected at one end to coil 21 and diaphragm 17 and at its
other end to an anchorage, 22, which extends concially outwards,
substantially parallel to the high frequency diaphragm 17.
Optionally, this anchorage 22 may be extended by an arm member 41
to edge member 23. The low frequency diaphragm 20 is attached to
connecting means 26 having a rippled portion, 24, said rippled
portion 24 of member 26 is attached to the edge of the inner part,
of the anchorage 22, said member 26 is accoustically considered as
part of diaphragm 20. The other end of diaphragm 20 is connected to
one end of rippled member 25 the other end of which is connected to
edge member 23. The enclosed air space in this case is bounded by
the high frequency diaphragm 17 with its vibratory rippled portions
19 and 21, the anchorage, 22, the rippled portion 24 of the
low-frequency diaphragm and the inner circular portion 26 of the
latter. Here again, the area of the high-frequency diaphragm 17
adjacent to the air space is larger than that of the surface 26 of
the low-frequency diaphragm adjacent to the air space.
In the modification of the third embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4,
bellows 24' and 19' replace rippled members 24 and 19 permit better
piston-like vibration of the diaphragms. In other respects, the
arrangement resembles that of FIG. 3. The speech coil carrier 18'
is attached to one end of the high-frequency diaphragm 17'. 22' is
joined to the edge member 23' by arms 41' extending radially
outwards and connected at one end to anchorage 22' and at the other
to edge member 23'. A bellows, 24', is connected at one end to
lowfrequency diaphragm 20' and at the other, to anchorage 22.' The
other end of low frequency diaphragm 20' joined by another belows,
19', which in turn is connected to low frequency diaphragm 17 to
close off the air space, while connection of the other end of low
frequency diaphragm 20 to the outer edge member 23' is established
with the aid of another bellows, 25' connected to members 23' and
low frequency diaphragm 20'.
The fourth embodiment of the loudspeaker system of the present
invention is illustrated in FIG. 5. The system comprises a high
frequency diaphragm 27, an air tight dome 29, attached to the
central portion of diaphragm 27 an energising system 30,
accoustically coupled to said air tight dome 29, an annular edge
member 53, having attached thereto a rippled member 32, the other
end of said member 54 being attached to outer edge of diaphragm 27,
an air tight dish 28 of frusto-conical cross section having the
outer edge thereof attached to edge member 53. The inner
circumferance of which physically contacts a portion of the
predetermined surface of diaphragm 27. Interconnecting duct member
31, is attached at one end thereof to the inner edge of dish 28,
the other end of inter-connecting duct member 31 on the inside edge
thereof is attached rippled annular member 32. Low frequency
diaphragm 33 has attached to the outer edges thereof rippled
annular member 54 the inner circumferance of which contacts the
outer circumferance of diaphragm 33. The outer edge of member 54
contacts annular edge member 55. Loudspeaker dish 34, which has
preferably, a frustro conical cross section, is attached at the
outer edge thereof to edge member 55 and at the central portion
thereof, which, suitably, is the frustrum of a cone, to the annular
circumferance of rippled annular member 32 and inter-connecting
duct member 31.
The fifth embodiment of the loudspeaker system of the present
invention is illustrated in FIG. 6. In this embodiment there are
provided a high frequency diaphragm 27 and two low frequency
diaphragms 33 said low frequency diaphragms 33 may , if desired,
have different resilient frequencies in the low frequency
range.
The system comprises a high frequency diaphragm 27', an air tight
dome 29', attached to the central portion of diaphragm 27', an
energising system 30'accoustically coupled to said air tight dome
29, and an annular rippled member 60' the inner circumferance of
which is connected to said high frequency diaphragm 27' and a
supportive dish member, 35', suitably of frustrom conical section.
Said dish member 35' having the central portion thereof attached to
magnetic assembly 30' and being connected a short distance towards
the edge of the dish spaced from magnetic assembly 30' with the
outer circumferance with rippled annular member 60.The system
further comprises annular edge member 53' said edge member 53'
being connected to the outer edge of dish 35'. This system further
comprises annular rippled member.52' the outer edge thereof being
connected to edge member 53' and the inner circumferance there to
the outer edge of high frequency diaphragm 27'. In a similar manner
low frequency diaphragms 33' are connected to annular rippled
members 54' at the inner circumferance thereof and said rippled
members 54' are connected at the outer circumferance thereof to
outer edge members 55' which are connected to the outer edge of
frusto conical dish members 34'. The inner edges of dish members
34' that is to say the edges located at the central or narrower
portion of the frustrum are connected to the outer edges of annular
rippled members 32' the inner edges of said rippled members 32'are
connected to the central portions of low frequency diaphragm 33'.
Duct members 36' are connected at one end thereof to dish members
35' and at the other end thereof to the inner edgesof the dish
member 34' at the point where said dish members 34' are connected
to the outer circumferance to annular rippled members 33.
It may be of advantage for the enclosed air space to communicate
with the outside atmosphere through a very small aperture, for
equalisation of variations in the atmospheric pressure. This
aperture should be made so small, however, as to have no adverse
effect on the way; in which vibrations are transmitted.
In the loudspeaker system of the present invention a high frequency
diaphragm is energised by an energising system suitably a speech
coil and is accoustically coupled to a low frequency diaphragm by
an air space closed on all sides, in such a way that the area of
that part of the low frequency diaphragm which lies adjacent to the
enclosed air space and forms a portion of the surface of the
enclosure is smaller than that part of the high frequency diaphragm
which lies adjacent to the enclosed air space and similarly forms a
portion of the surface of the enclosed. With this form of coupling,
the transmission of movement is such that even a small movement of
the high frequency diaphragm corresponds to a relatively greater
movement of the low low frequency diaphragm; the amplitude of
movement of the high frequency diaphragm, that is to say, in
relation to that of the low frequency diaphragm, stands in a ratio
of, for example, 1:3 to 1:5 or more.
This effect may be exemplified by reference to the modification of
FIG. 1, the same explanations, however, are valid for the other
embodiments.
When the high-frequency diaphragm 2 is energised and caused to
vibrate by the speech coil, it is able, through being suspended by
the bellows 10 and 11, to vibrate axially to and fro. Because of
the compression of the enclosed air space behind the diaphragm, the
low-frequency diaphragm will likewise carry out vibrations, these
being transmitted across the air space to the central portion of
the low-frequency diaphragm. The latter is able to vibrate axially
to and from because motion in the axial direction can be imparted
to it by reason of the bellows 5 and 8. The area of that part of
the high-frequency diaphragm which bounds the air space is several
times for example four times greater than that of the part of the
low frequency diaphragm which lies adjacent to the said space. This
results in a transmission ratio of 4:1 for example, between the
surface areas, which produces a ratio of 1:4 in the amplitude of
movement, related to the travel of the high and low frequency
diaphragms respectively.
When the high-frequency diaphragm 2 carries out very rapid
movements in the upper frequency range, these will no longer be
transmitted to the low frequency diaphragm, because of the
elasticity of the air within the enclosed air space. Slower
vibrations, however, will bring about vibration of the
low-frequency diaphragm. By suitable dimensioning of the air space
in proportion to the diaphragm surface areas, the threshold
frequency beyond which the low-frequency diaphragm is not set
vibrating can be pre-determined as desired.
Coupling the two diaphragms together by means of the enclosed air
space, moreover, enables the energisation of the low frequency
diaphragm to be limited to a prescribed frequency range lying below
an appropriately chosen limit frequency, for example, since,
according to the volume of the air space in relation to the
energising surface area, upper frequencies above the limit
frequency will not be transmitted. It is thus possible, by suitably
dimensioning the enclosed air space, to choose the threshold up to
which the frequencies are transmitted from the high-frequency to
the low frequency diaphragm.
The relationship between the maximum transmitted frequency and the
surface area as well as the enclosed volume of air can be deducted
from the book "acoustiek" published by DE MUIDERKRING, Bussum,
Netherlands, pages 13 to 16.
As used herein the term "low frequency" means about 15 to about 250
suitably 15 to about 80 Hz and the term "High frequency" means
frequencies of the medium -- high range, for example about 80 to
about 15,000 suitably 200 to about 15,000 Hz.
* * * * *