U.S. patent number 3,768,706 [Application Number 05/223,212] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-30 for methods of and apparatus for dispensing potable liquids.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Whitbread & Company Limited. Invention is credited to Arnold M. Hill.
United States Patent |
3,768,706 |
Hill |
October 30, 1973 |
**Please see images for:
( Certificate of Correction ) ** |
METHODS OF AND APPARATUS FOR DISPENSING POTABLE LIQUIDS
Abstract
Apparatus for dispensing a potable liquid from a container which
has a top opening but is unable to withstand an unbalanced internal
pressure, comprising a casing having a removable cover extending
over an opening of such a size that the container can be inserted
through it into the casing, a union for the connection of a supply
of gas under pressure to the casing to produce a super-atmospheric
pressure in the casing and an outlet tube which extends downwards
in the casing in a position in which, in use, it extends into and
near to the bottom of the container through its top opening.
Preferably the casing has its opening extending over the whole area
of its top and the union for the connection of the gas supply and
the outlet tube both extend through the cover downwards into the
casing.
Inventors: |
Hill; Arnold M. (London,
EN) |
Assignee: |
Whitbread & Company Limited
(London, EN)
|
Family
ID: |
22835544 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/223,212 |
Filed: |
February 3, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
222/325;
222/400.7; 222/396; 239/373 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B67D
1/0829 (20130101); B67D 1/0802 (20130101); B67D
1/04 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B67D
1/08 (20060101); B67D 1/04 (20060101); B67D
1/00 (20060101); B67d 001/04 () |
Field of
Search: |
;222/394,325,400.7,130,129.2,396 ;220/29,57 ;239/373 ;169/31R |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Reeves; Robert B.
Assistant Examiner: Rolla; Joseph J.
Claims
I claim:
1. In apparatus for discharging a liquid from a container of low
strength, said apparatus comprising a pressure-withstanding casing
having an annular seat defining a top opening and receiving the
container through the top opening, a lid to engage the seat for
closing the top opening, clamping means operative between the
casing and the lid and securing the lid in its casing-closing
position on the seat whereby the casing may be internally
gas-pressurized, a pressure-gas inlet, and a liquid outlet tube
carried by the lid and reaching towards the bottom of the casing;
the improved clamping means comprising abutments on the casing
above the seat, a lid retainer, a handle screwed into said lid
retainer whereby up and down movement of the handle results from
rotation of the handle in said lid retainer, said lid being mounted
on said handle to partake of its up and down movement but being
free to rotate relatively to the handle, and said lid retainer
being provided with abutments movable between a position beneath
the abutments on said casing to a position clear of said last
mentioned abutments when said lid retainer is rotated, whereby
screwing down of the handle clamps the lid against the seat and
forces said abutments on the lid retainer into contact with the
abutments of the casing and whereby unscrewing of the handle
positively retracts the lid from the seat, whereupon further
rotation of both handle and lid retainer releases the abutments for
disengagement of the lid retainer from the casing.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the abutments on the
casing and lid retainer are annularly arranged and engageable by
rotation of the lid retainer relatively to said casing in one
direction and disengageable by rotation of the lid retainer in the
opposite direction, said lid retainer being entrained by the handle
and rotated in said opposite direction by continued rotation of the
handle after it is fully unscrewed.
3. Apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a locking member
carried by the lid retainer and displaceable into engagement with
the casing to lock the lid retainer and casing together, and means
for effecting said locking displacement of the locking member in
response to screw-down of the handle.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3, in which the locking member is a
bolt radially slidable in the lid retainer, one end of the bolt
being positioned to enter a hold in the casing when said abutments
are in engagement and the other end contacting a cam on the handle,
and said apparatus comprising a spring urging the bolt towards the
cam.
5. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which said lid is mounted on
the outlet tube and the outlet tube extends centrally through both
the lid and the handle, said apparatus comprising a fluid-sealed
rotating bearing between the tube and the handle whereby the handle
is rotatable relatively to the tube and lid when being screwed down
and when being unscrewed.
6. Apparatus for dispensing a potable liquid from a container which
has a top opening but is unable to withstand an internal pressure,
said apparatus comprising a casing, an annular seat on said casing
defining a top opening therein through which said container is
insertable into said casing, detachable closure means for closing
and sealing said opening, means for admitting gas under pressure to
said casing to produce a super-atmospheric pressure therein and
outlet tube means extending downwards in said casing into and to
near the bottom of said container through said opening, said
closure means comprising a cover extending over said opening, means
for forming a seal between said cover and said seating, abutment
means on the side of said cover remote from said seating, means
releasably interlocking said abutment means with said casing for
resisting forces on said abutment means towards and away from said
cover, screw clamping and disengaging means acting between said
cover and said abutment means, means positively attaching said
screw means to said cover and means for rotating said screw means
whereby rotation of said screw means in one direction produces a
thrust from said abutment to said cover to hold said cover
sealingly on said seating and rotation of said screw means in an
opposite direction exerts a pull on said cover from said abutment
to positively separate said cover from said seating.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further comprising locking
means operative to prevent release of said means interlocking said
abutment means with said casing and means operated only by rotation
of said screw means sufficiently far to separate said cover from
said seating for releasing said locking means and allowing said
interlocking means to be released.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, further comprising an outer
cover member forming said abutment means, lugs projecting radially
outwardly from the periphery of said outer cover member, a rim
secured to said casing surrounding said seating, means defining
slots in said rim, said lugs being interlockingly engageable in
said slots by rotation of said cover member relative to said rim, a
bolt mounted on said cover member for radial sliding movement
between a locking position in which said bolt engages in an opening
in said rim when said lugs are interlockingly engaged in said slots
to prevent rotation of said outer cover member relative to said
casing and thus also to prevent release of said lugs from said
slots, and a release position clear of said rim, and means actuated
by said clamping and disengaging means for causing said bolt to
move between said positions whereby, when said clamping and
disengaging means is operated to hold said cover on said seating,
said bolt is in said locking position and, when said clamping and
disengaging means is operated to separate said cover from said
seating, said bolt is moved to said released position.
Description
Drinks, and in particular soft drinks, sold in public houses and
other places for consumption on the premises are now commonly
manufactured as concentrates and the concentrates are distributed
in bulk in containers each holding several gallons.
The concentrates are dispensed in the same way as keg beer by
attaching a dispensing fitting to the top of the container. The
fitting comprises an outlet tube extending to near the bottom of
the container and a gas pressure inlet tube by which the space in
the container above the surface of the concentrate is pressurised.
The outlet tube is connected to a further tube which usually leads
to a post-mix unit. The post-mix unit includes a valve which
controls the flow of the concentrate and a second valve which
controls the flow of a diluent which is usually soda water. When
operated, the post-mix unit dilutes the concentrate with an
accurately proportioned quantity of the diluent. The container is
continuously pressurised and therefore whenever the valves of the
post-mix unit are opened the concentrate is forced up through the
outlet tube and out of the unit.
Since the containers are continuously pressurised for dispensing
the concentrate, they must be robustly made and be sufficiently
strong to withstand the internal pressure which is commonly of the
order of 2 to 4 atmospheres. Further, the containers must be
resistant to attack by the concentrates which may contain
substantial quantities of natural acids. For this reason it has
been customary to make the containers of stainless steel.
A very large number of these containers is necessary since some are
in use for dispensing their contents, others are in transit and
still others are with the manufacturers being washed and refilled
with concentrate. The cost of the containers themselves therefore
contributes very substantially to the cost of the drinks which are
sold.
To reduce the number of expensive stainless steel containers
necessary, the concentrates have sometimes been transported in
cheaper containers, for example drums made of plastics materials,
which are unable to withstand an internal pressure and they are
then poured from these containers into the containers which can be
pressurised at the place where the concentrate is to be dispensed.
The disadvantage of this arrangement is that the concentrate is
likely to be spilt and the containers which are pressurised tend
not to be cleaned each time they are refilled. There is therefore a
considerable hygiene problem. Also, the refilling of the
pressurised containers is time consuming which is a nuisance at
busy periods in bars.
The present invention stems from our realisation that it is
possible to dispense the concentrate or other potable liquid
directly from a container which is itself unable to withstand
internal pressure by placing the container within an outer casing
which can be pressurised and then on pressurising the casing, the
liquid container is subjected to a gas pressure both internally and
externally so that there is no out of balance pressure to be
withstood, but nevertheless the internal pressure acting on the
surface of the liquid in the liquid container still forces the
liquid upwards through an outlet tube.
Thus, according to the present invention, apparatus for dispensing
a potable liquid from a container which has a top opening but is
unable to withstand an unbalanced internal pressure, comprises a
casing having a removable cover extending over an opening through
which the container can be inserted into the casing, means for
supplying gas under pressure to the casing to produce a super
atmospheric pressure in the casing and an outlet tube extending
downwards in the casing in a position which enables it, in use, to
extend into, and to near the bottom of, the container through its
top opening.
The use of this apparatus gives rise to a method of dispensing a
soft drink concentrate or other potable liquid which, also in
accordance with the invention, comprises placing a container
holding the liquid and having an opening in its top in a
surrounding casing, inserting an outlet tube having a control valve
into the container through its top opening, closing and sealing the
casing, supplying gas under pressure to the casing to raise the
pressure in the casing and to subject the container both internally
and externally to a super atmospheric pressure, and opening the
control valve so that the liquid is dispensed through the outlet
tube and through the control valve by the super atmospheric
pressure acting on the surface of the liquid in the container.
When the liquid is a soft drink concentrate, the control valve is
generally incorporated in a post-mix unit which dilutes the
concentrate in the manner already described.
By using the apparatus in accordance with the invention it is no
longer necessary to transport the concentrate or other potable
liquid in pressure-resisting containers and neither is it necessary
to pour the liquid from the containers in which it is transported
into containers which are able to withstand an internal pressure.
Time is therefore saved when it is necessary to change-over to a
new full container from an empty one and stocktaking is facilitated
as a partly used container can be withdrawn from the casing to
enable the amount of liquid remaining to be seen. Drums or large
bottles made by blow moulding out of thermoplastic material can be
used and the cost of these is only a very small fraction of for
example less than 1/100th of the cost of the stainless steel
containers previously used.
The opening in the top of the container is generally a neck fitted
with a screw threaded cap and the container as a whole is placed in
the casing before the cap is removed so that there is no
possibility of spillage. What is more, since the casing which is
subsequently pressurised no longer comes directly into contact with
the liquid which may be acid-containing, even the casing need not
be made of stainless steel. Indeed, in a preferred example, the
casing is made of aluminium and the cost of the casing may be less
than half of that of the stainless steel containers previously
used. Since only one casing is necessary at each dispensing point
and the stainless steel containers previously used for transport
and storage are no longer necessary, the overall saving in cost is
very considerable indeed.
Preferably the casing has its opening at its top and the opening
extends over the whole plan area of the casing. The cover may
comprise a plate having a seal around its periphery, the seal
engaging a rim surrounding the opening when the cover is closed. In
this case a clamping device is provided for pressing the plate over
the opening and clamping the seal against the rim.
An example of an apparatus and a method in accordance with the
invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through the apparatus as seen in the
direction of the arrows on the line I--I in FIG. 2;
FIG. 2 is a plan of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a sectional detail of the apparatus as seen in the
direction of the arrows on the line III--III in FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing the apparatus connected to the
other components of the system for dispensing soft drinks.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus comprises a casing 1 which
is made of aluminium and is formed from a cylindrical tube 2 having
a pressed bottom 3 welded to its lower end and a cast rim 4 welded
to its upper end. The bottom 3 is fixed to a cast flange 5 which
forms a stand for the apparatus.
The open upper end of the casing 1 is provided with a cast outer
cover 6 which fits within the upper part of the rim 4 and has three
equally-angularly spaced lugs 7 which project radially from its
periphery. The lugs 7 fit into L-shaped slots 8 in the inner
periphery of the rim 4. The lugs 7 and the slots 8 together form a
bayonet coupling for fixing the outer cover 6 to the rim 8. In use,
to fix the outer cover 6 to the casing, the lugs 7 are inserted
into the upwardly projecting arms of the L-shaped slots 8 as shown
in FIG. 2 and the outer cover 6 is then turned to move the lugs 7
into the positions shown in dotted lines at 7' within the
horizontally extending arms of the slots 8.
The outer cover 6 has a central tubular part 9 which is internally
screw threaded and has a tubular stem 10 screwed into it. The stem
10 is integral with a handle 11 by which the stem 10 can be turned
to screw it upwards or downwards within the tubular part 9. A
delivery tube 12 extends through the tubular stem 10 and has a
sealing plate 13 attached to its lower end by a nut 14. The upper
surface of the sealing plate 13 is held against a shoulder 15 on
the tube 12 by the nut 14 and a sealing ring 16 is interposed
between the lower end of the stem 10 and the upper surface of the
plate 13. The tube 12 has a shoulder 17 and a thrust washer 18 is
interposed between this shoulder and the bottom part of the stem 10
so that the stem 10 is able to rotate on the tube 12, but as the
stem 10 is screwed into and out of the tubular part 9, the tube 12
and the sealing plate 13 move upwards and downwards with it. The
main parts of the apparatus so far described are made of aluminium,
or an aluminium alloy, but projecting downwards from the lower end
of the tube 12 is an outlet tube 19 which is made of stainless
steel because, in use, it passes through a neck 20 of a bottle 21
within the casing 1 and dips into soft drink concentrate within the
bottle 21 which is made of plastics material.
In order to insert the bottle 21 of soft drink concentrate into the
casing 1, the outer cover 6 together with the sealing plate 13 and
the tube 19 attached to it are removed from the casing and the
bottle 21 is inserted through the open top. With the stem 10
unscrewed into a position in which the upper surface of the plate
13 abuts the lower end of the tubular part 9, the outer cover 6 and
the parts attached to it are placed in position and the outer cover
6 is turned to move the lugs 7 into the positions shown at 7' in
FIG. 2 as already described. With the stem 10 unscrewed, a locking
bolt 22 is retracted radially inwards by its spring 23 so that its
outer end lies just within a bore through the lug 7.
After this the stem 10 is screwed inwards by means of the handle 11
and this causes a cam shoulder 24 on the stem 10 to engage with the
inner end of the bolt 22 and move it outwards against the action of
the spring 23 so that the outer end of the bolt 22 engages in a
opening 25 in the rim 4. This prevents the outer cover 6 from being
turned into a position in which the lugs 7 can be released from the
slot 8.
At the same time as the stem 10 moves the bolt 22 outwards, it also
moves the sealing plate 13 downwards and clamps a sealing gasket 26
which is held in a groove in the underside of the plate 13 firmly
against an upwardly projecting ridge 27 formed on the rim 4.
In this way the casing 1 is sealed except for the opening through
the bores of the tubes 12 and 19 and a gas inlet opening 28 which
is shown in FIG. 2 and is formed in a boss 29 which includes a gas
pipe connecting union.
To prevent the casing 1 from being subjected to too great an
internal pressure from the gas supply through the opening 28, the
sealing plate 13 is provided with a spring-loaded safety valve 30
shown in detail in FIG. 3 of the drawings. The valve 30 comprises a
tubular housing 31 which extends upwards from the plate 13 and
extends freely through an opening 32 in the outer cover 6. The
housing 31 has an internal annular shoulder forming a valve seat 33
and a valve closure member 34 is pressed onto the seat 33 by a
coiled compression spring 35. The closure member 34 has a stem 36
which projects from the top of the housing 31 and has a pull-ring
37 attached to it. Thus the valve closure member 34 can be lifted
from its seat to open the valve either by excess internal pressure
within the casing 1 acting against the spring 35 or by pulling the
ring 37 upwards. When the valve is opened, gas within the casing 1
escapes through ports 38.
In use, the apparatus so far described is connected into the system
shown in FIG. 4. The gas inlet opening 28 is connected by a
flexible pressure pipe 39 to a cylinder 40 containing carbon
dioxide under pressure. The cylinder 40 is, of course, fitted with
a shut-off valve as uaual, but this is not shown. The tube 12 is
connected by a flexible pipe 41 to one valve 42 of a conventional
post-mix unit 43. A water supply pipe 44 is connected to a second
valve 45 of the post-mix unit which has a handle 46 which operates
with the valves 42 and 45 simultaneously. The union on the gas
inlet opening 28 has a different thread from that in the socket at
the top of the tube 12 so that the pipes 39 and 41 cannot be
connected the wrong way round.
When all the connections have been made, the valve on the cylinder
40 is opened so that carbon dioxide under pressure is admitted to
the casing 1. The bottle 21 is subjected both internally and
externally to the carbon dioxide pressure so that there is no out
of balance pressure acting upon it. The carbon dioxide pressure
acting through the neck 20 of the bottle 21 on the surface of the
soft drink concentrate in the bottle forces the concentrate through
the tubes 19 and 12 and the flexible pipe 41 to the post-mix unit
43. Thus as soon as the handle 46 is moved to open the valves 42
and 45, the soft drink concentrate suitably diluted with water
issues from a spout 47 on the post-mix unit. The post-mix unit is
adjustable in a conventional manner to alter the dilution of the
soft drink concentrate as required.
When the bottle 21 is emptied down to the lower end of the tube 19,
the valve on the carbon dioxide cylinder 40 is shut, the safety
valve 30 is opened by pulling the ring 37 to release the pressure
within the casing 1 and the handle 11 is then unscrewed until the
bolt 22 is released. The outer cover 6 is then turned to release
the lugs 7 from the slots 8 and the cover 7 with its attached parts
is removed to enable the bottle 21 to be replaced by a full one.
Thus it will be seen that at no time does the soft drink
concentrate come into contact with any part of the casing assembly
other than the stainless steel tube 19.
An advantage of the apparatus described with reference to the
drawings is that the casing may receive containers of different
heights, so that without any change the concentrate or other liquid
can be dispensed from containers of different capacaties, say 2
gallon containers or 4 gallon containers.
A further advantage of the apparatus is that it enables the tubes
leading to the post-mix unit or other dispensing point to be washed
out very easily. All that is necessary is to place a bucket or
other container of water or other washing liquid in the casing and
then to pressurise the casing and open the valve on the post-mix
unit. This at once causes the washing liquid to be blown through
the whole dispensing system and as soon as the bucket is empty, the
system is purged by the carbon dioxide.
* * * * *