U.S. patent number 3,768,258 [Application Number 05/143,143] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-30 for polluting fume abatement apparatus.
This patent grant is currently assigned to Consan Pacific Incorporated. Invention is credited to Donald G. Saurenman, Harold W. Smith.
United States Patent |
3,768,258 |
Smith , et al. |
October 30, 1973 |
POLLUTING FUME ABATEMENT APPARATUS
Abstract
Fume abatement apparatus comprises, in combination, A. an
exhaust duct for passing a stream of engine products of combustion
having electrically chargeable content, and B. means including an
ion generator to effect a flow of ions into said stream, with ion
density and polarity to so change the electrical charge of said
content as to enhance subsequent precipitation thereof on a
surface.
Inventors: |
Smith; Harold W. (San Marino,
CA), Saurenman; Donald G. (Whittier, CA) |
Assignee: |
Consan Pacific Incorporated
(Whittier, CA)
|
Family
ID: |
22502781 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/143,143 |
Filed: |
May 13, 1971 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
60/275;
55/DIG.30; 96/55; 96/97; 60/297 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F01N
3/0892 (20130101); B03C 3/38 (20130101); F01N
3/01 (20130101); F02B 1/04 (20130101); Y02T
10/20 (20130101); Y10S 55/30 (20130101); Y02T
10/12 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
B03C
3/38 (20060101); B03C 3/34 (20060101); F01N
3/00 (20060101); F01N 3/08 (20060101); F01N
3/01 (20060101); F02B 1/04 (20060101); F02B
1/00 (20060101); F01n 003/00 () |
Field of
Search: |
;60/275,297
;55/2,146,152,155,131,138,120,DIG.30,102,107,140
;317/2E,2F,3,4 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Hart; Douglas
Claims
We claim:
1. Internal combustion engine exhaust fume abatement apparatus
comprising, in combination,
a. an exhaust duct for passing a stream of engine products of
combustion having electrically chargeable content,
b. means including an ion generator comprising multiple pointed
tips to effect a flow of ions into said stream, with ion density
and polarity to so change the electrical charge of said content as
to enhance subsequent precipitation thereof on a surface,
c. an insulative shroud for said tips and exposed to said stream in
an upstream direction, the shroud extending in protective relation
to the tips to prevent direct impingement thereon of the engine
products of combustion, and the shroud defining a downstream facing
outlet for ions to pass from the tips to the stream path downstream
of the tips, and
d. the duct having an electrically insulative lining extending from
a region upstream of said shroud outlet and at the exterior thereof
to a region proximate an outlet to the atmosphere defined by the
duct to inhibit neutralization of said ions during their flow in
the duct.
2. The combination of claim 1 including an internal combustion
engine operatively connected with said duct to supply said stream
thereto.
3. The combination of claim 1 wherein said means includes a high
voltage supply electrically connected with said tips.
4. The combination of claim 1 wherein said tips are exposed to said
stream in a downstream direction, only.
5. The combination of claim 1 where said shroud tapers in an
upstream direction and extends in the duct to reduce the duct cross
sectional area thereby effecting an increase in the stream velocity
past the shroud and tips for mixing with the ions.
6. The combination of claim 5 including means to pass auxiliary gas
to said tips to travel with the ions into the stream.
7. The combination of claim 1 wherein said ion generator includes a
source of positive voltage in excess of +10,000 volts to effect
positive ion flow into the stream.
8. The combination of claim 1 wherein said duct is defined by a
vehicle tail pipe with said duct outlet directed toward the ground
underlying the vehicle.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates generally to pollution control, and more
particularly concerns engine exhaust fume abatement.
At the present time a great deal of effort is being directed to the
control of atmospheric pollution. In urban areas such pollution in
large part is caused by vehicle engine exhaust discharges, and as a
result there have been many devices proposed as partial solutions
to the problem; however, to our knowledge, insufficient attention
has been given to the reduction of engine exhaust particulate
pollution by methods involving electrostatics. Particularly,
apparatus and methods involving modes of operation characterized by
the present invention have not been forthcoming. In this regard,
recent tests show that automobiles with attached conventional
devices for controlling smog can produce around 200 billion
submicron particles per cubic foot of exhaust, compared with about
100 billion such particles for old cars without such devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is a major object of the invention to provide internal
combustion engine exhaust fume abatement apparatus comprising an
exhaust duct for passing a stream of engine products of combustion
having electrically chargeable content; and, means including an ion
generator operating to effect a flow of ions into the stream, with
ion density and polarity to so change the electrical charge of such
content as to enhance subsequent precipitation on a surface. As
will be seen, the generator may typically comprise multiple pointed
tips proximate the duct, and a high voltage supply connected with
the tips.
In one form of the invention, the tips may be exposed to the
exhaust stream, and in another form an insulative shroud may
protect the tips from direct exposure to the growing exhaust, the
shroud defining an outlet for ions to pass from the tips to the
stream path. As to the latter, means may be provided to pass
auxiliary gas such as air to the tips to travel with the ions into
the stream.
Further, the duct downstream of the locus of ion flow into the
stream may advantageously have an insulative inner surface exposed
to the stream; the duct may comprise an exhaust pipe or stack
extending horizontally or vertically; and the duct may direct the
ion treated exhaust at the ground for charged particle
collection.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as
details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully
understood from the following description and drawings, in
which:
DRAWING DESCRIPTION
FIGS. 1-3 are vertical sections showing different forms of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
In FIG. 1, an internal combustion engine, of Otto, Diesel, Wankel
or other type, is indicated schematically at 10 as delivering
exhaust at 11 to the horizontal tail pipe or duct 12. Such products
of combustion may have electrically chargeable content such as
submicron particles and larger hydrocarbon molecules, and tests
indicate that there are in excess of 100 billion submicron
particles per cubic foot of exhaust.
In accordance with the invention, an ion generator is provided to
effect a flow of ions into the exhaust stream 14 in the pipe, with
ion density and polarity to so change the electrical charge of the
content as to enhance substantially the subsequent precipitation of
the latter on a surface. In this regard, the extent of duct 80
downstream of the ion generator may have an electrically insulative
inner surface or coating (ceramic, plastic or other) at 15 exposed
to the charged stream, preventing neutralization of the ions and
particulate charge during discharge flow of the exhaust from the
generator to the duct outlet 16. The latter may be directed
downwardly to discharge the content 14 toward and at the ground
surface 17, where the particles become neutralized and collect,
removed from the atmosphere.
The ion generator in FIG. 1 includes multiple pointed tips 18
proximate to, as for example, within the duct 12, and a high
voltage supply 19 electrically connected with the tips. The latter
may be defined by metallic needle 20 diverging in a downstream
direction and in a cluster as shown, as is more particularly
described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,308,344 to Harold Smith and George A.
Korkos, A lead 21 connects the source with the needles via a
mounting rod or needle 22 which may be carried by streamlined
insulator body 23. Further, an insulative shroud may project at 24
in protective relation to the tips to prevent direct impingement of
exhaust flow on the tips, the shroud defining an outlet at 26 for
ions to pass at 27 from the tips into the exhaust stream. Body 23,
and shroud 24 may consist of insulative (as for example plastic)
material. Radial ribs 28 may support the body and shroud in the
duct 80. Other types of shrouds, supports and ion emitting
configurations may be employed so long as the referred to functions
and modes of operation are realized. Duct 80 may be easily attached
at 81 to pipe 12, and the latter carried at 83 by vehicle structure
84.
In FIG. 2, the engine 10a delivers exhaust to the duct 12 via a
catalytic reactor 30 operating to change the molecular content of
the flow to less noxious form. For example, CO may be oxidized to
CO.sub.2, and NO dissociated to form N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 in the
reactor. Particulate content emanating from the reactor is
processed as described above and as to be described. The reactor 30
could alternatively be placed downstream of the ion generator.
The ion generator again includes multiple tips 31 to which high
voltage, of selected polarity, is supplied. For example, over 5,000
volts DC negative may be employed, considering that the ground
surface 17 to which the charged particles are to be attracted is
normally positive. An insulative support for the needle cluster 31
as indicated at 33, and a shroud at 34.
Means is provided to pass auxiliary gas to the tips to travel with
the ions 100 into the exhaust flow 35. Such means may include an
air scoop or pump 36 outside the duct 80, and a line 37 to deliver
the air to the ion generator, as for example to porting 38 in the
support 33 opening to the region 39 in the shroud containing the
needle cluster. Such air flow 101 tends to prevent exhaust backflow
into the shroud, keeping the needles and tips clean and free of
exhaust deposits.
In FIG. 3, exhaust from engine 40 is delivered at 41 to a vertical
pipe or stack 42 as is found on trucks carrying Diesel engines. Ion
generators 43, shrouded at 50, are carried by the stack wall and
with spacing such as to direct positive ions 102 into the upward
flow 44 of exhaust. A charged particle trap, as for example, a
negatively charged grid or grids 45 is mounted downstream of the
generators 43. The generators may produce positive ions to
positively charge the particulate content of the exhaust, voltage
supply being indicated at 46. Trap 45 may alternatively consist of
steel wool or the like, and may be removable replacement, as
facilitated by removal of stock upper section 42a. An insulative
screen or liner 48 extends within the stack between the ion
generator 43 and the grid or grids.
* * * * *