U.S. patent number 3,768,016 [Application Number 05/258,852] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-23 for modular, prefabricated, integrated communications relay tower.
Invention is credited to George C. Harper, Edmund J. Price, George R. Townsend.
United States Patent |
3,768,016 |
Townsend , et al. |
October 23, 1973 |
MODULAR, PREFABRICATED, INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS RELAY TOWER
Abstract
An integrated, modular, prefabricated communications relay
tower, comprising a plurality of tubular modules prefabricated in a
shop facility with the necessary accessory devices therein and
assembled in end-to-end relationship at the site of the relay tower
to provide a complete integrated, modular relay tower with the
necessary accessory devices and electronic equipment therein.
Inventors: |
Townsend; George R. (West
Springfield, MA), Price; Edmund J. (Bradford Woods, PA),
Harper; George C. (Coraopolis, PA) |
Family
ID: |
22982397 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/258,852 |
Filed: |
June 1, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
455/25; 52/187;
182/49; 343/879; 455/7; 182/178.1; D25/6; 52/245; 343/875;
343/891 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04H
12/08 (20130101); E04H 12/085 (20130101); H04B
7/155 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
H04B
7/155 (20060101); H04B 7/15 (20060101); H04b
007/14 () |
Field of
Search: |
;325/1,8,14,15,120,121,128-130,354,355
;343/832,872,874,875,878,879,890,896,898,891
;52/73,187,245,247,300 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Mayer; Albert J.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A modular, prefabricated, cylindrical, vertically upwardly
extending relay tower for television signals and the like, said
tower having a height in the range of from about 80 feet up to
several hundred feet, means securing the tower to a foundation,
said tower comprising a plurality of substantially similar,
cylindrical prefabricated modules having attachment means within
their respective opposite ends and secured together interiorly
thereof at adjacent ends in vertically stacked, end-to-end
relationship, means fixed in said tower for ascending and
descending the tower, a substantially flat floor within a topmost
cylindrical module of said tower, means securing said floor between
adjacent ends of said topmost module and a subadjacent module of
said tower, opening means in the floor allowing access to and from
the top module, an integral, marginal portion of said floor
extending outwardly and beyond adjacent outer sides of said topmost
module and comprising an annular work platform exteriorly of said
tower, a roof secured on top of said topmost module of said tower,
including an integral marginal edge thereof extending outwardly
beyond the outer sides of the topmost module and of such width as
to form a protective overhang, antenna means secured to said
topmost module externally thereof beneath said overhang and above
said platform, and electronic equipment stored and secured within
said top module and operatively connected with said antenna
means.
2. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 1, wherein each
module has a radially inturned annular flange on each end thereof,
and adjacent modules are secured together by bolts or the like
extending through the adjacent flanges of adjacent modules.
3. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 1, wherein the
modules include at least one prefabricated support module and a
prefabricated equipment room module secured in situ on the top
thereof, and said electronic equipment being secured in the
equipment room module.
4. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 3, wherein the
equipment room module has at least a receiver, an amplifier and a
transmitter preassembled therein.
5. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 4, wherein the
equipment room module includes a top and bottom closing the ends of
the equipment room module, said bottom comprising said floor.
6. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 2, wherein the
modules each comprise a plurality of plates welded or otherwise
secured together in a shop facility to form a cylinder.
7. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 3, wherein the
equipment room module is the topmost module in said tower, and said
roof is secured on top thereof, an opening through said roof for
gaining access to the roof from inside said equipment room module,
an upstanding railing around said roof, and a ladder extending from
said roof to said platform to gain access from the roof to the
platform.
8. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 3, wherein a
plurality of support modules are secured together in vertical,
end-to-end relationship, and the means for ascending and descending
the tower comprises a stair means preassembled in each support
module, the stair means in each support module aligned with the
stair means in an adjacent support module.
9. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 8, wherein the
stair means comprises a spiral staircase, and a door means is in
the side of the bottom of the tower for gaining access to the
interior of the tower and to the staircase.
10. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 3, wherein the
antenna means comprises at least one parabolic reflector secured to
the outside of the equipment room module.
11. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 10, wherein a
plurality of equipment room modules are assembled together in
end-to-end relationship on the top of a plurality of vertically
stacked support modules, and guy cables are connected to the tower
to aid in resisting wind force and the like acting on the
tower.
12. A modular, prefabricated relay tower as in claim 7, wherein all
of said modules have the same diameter, and the tower has a smooth,
substantially uniform exterior surface.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to relay towers for communication signals
such as head end installations for television or cable television,
microwave relay receiving and transmission installations, or any
other electronic, electromagnetic, or light wave communications
system.
Prior art electric communications signal relay towers are generally
of the type having an open grid work tower or support structure
with antenna means mounted at the top of the support structure.
Such open grid work towers are both expensive and difficult to
construct and maintain and must be securely guyed with a plurality
of guy cables or the like to prevent excessive movement or sway or
even collapse of such towers due to wind loadings and the like
thereon. These prior art open grid work towers are susceptible to
vandalism since they are readily climbed, and the guy cables
securing the towers may be readily cut by vandals. Further, the
electronic equipment used in conjunction with such relay towers is
usually confined within a small building adjacent the base of the
tower, and these buildings may be easily broken into and the
equipment therein damaged or destroyed. Moreoever, the guy lines or
cables attached to the conventional open grid work type tower are
one of the greatest destroyers of bird life, since birds cannot see
the guy wires or cables and fly into them and are killed.
Further, during the past ten years the size of communications
transmitters and receivers has been substantially reduced. This
equipment is now almost totally transistorized and consequently the
space required in a structure to contain the equipment is less than
one-third of the space required to do the same thing 10 years ago.
Further, periscopic antennae employing plane reflectors are
prohibited in many cases by a recent Federal Communications
Commission ruling; and accordingly, microwave installations using
wave guides from a building containing electronic equipment at the
base of a tower to antennae such as parabolic dishes on the top of
the tower will be required. With conventional systems, these wave
guides are excessively long and are exposed to the elements and
accordingly are subject to power losses, damage from vandalism and
carelessness, and failure due to the elements.
The present invention provides a structure which substantially
eliminates the above problems found in conventional communications
relay towers. In accordance with the present invention, a tower
including prefabricated support modules and at least one
prefabricated equipment room module at the top thereof in which all
electronic equipment is contained, practically eliminates vandalism
of the equipment since access to the interior of the tower is
prevented by a locked door at the base thereof, and the tower of
the present invention is noteasily climbed on the outside thereof.
Further, the tower of the present invention has a pleasing
appearance that makes it readily acceptable in even populated
areas, and microwave guides are short due to the close proximity of
electronic equipment and antennae. Accordingly, power losses are at
a minimum, and the danger of damage or deterioration of the wave
guide is practically eliminated.
With the present invention, complex or multiple towers may be
eliminated in CATV systems which use multiple microwave dishes
since multiple dishes or parabolic reflectors may be mounted to a
single tower according to the present invention. The relay tower of
the present invention also has much greater stability for mounting
microwave dishes or parabolic reflectors than any conventional
tower, and the tower provides minimum exposure of equipment and
personnel to weather and the like.
Further, since CATV receiving antennae can be more rigidly mounted
with the tower of the present invention and have higher gain and
utilize very short transmission lines, both reliability and
performance are substantially increased. Additionally, with the
present invention, due to the modular concept of the tower
construction, the tower can be easily expanded and increased in
height as desired, and the maintenance of the relay tower according
to the present invention is considerably less than an open type
tower with the conventional building at the base thereof as in the
prior art. Moreover, the relay tower according to the present
invention is grounded, thus providing maximum lightning protection,
and the tower is less subject to fire damage, adverse weather
conditions or gun fire than conventional towers and requires less
land than a guyed, open grid work type tower, which is particularly
important in high land cost areas or on mountain peaks.
Still further, the relay tower of the present invention serves as a
shield against unwanted signals or radiation, and the outside
surfaces of the tower can be used to advantage for shielding in
receiving antenna systems.
In particular, in accordance with the present invention, a modular,
prefabricated, tubular relay tower for television signals or other
electromagnetic signals or the like is provided, wherein at least
one tubular support module is provided, said module being
completely prefabricated in a shop facility and then shipped to the
site of installation of the tower, and said module having flange
means at each end thereof designed to meet with complementary
flange means at the end of other modules such that at the final
installation site, all connections are made between adjacent
modules by bolts extended through the flanges. A prefabricated
equipment room module containing the necessary electronic equipment
therein, such as amplifiers, receivers, transmitters, and the like,
is secured on top of the support modules, thus resulting in an
integrated, prefabricated relay tower.
The modules can be made in varying lengths and diameters and each
of these modules is outfitted in the shop facility or manufacturing
plant with doors, inside spiral stairways or ladders, and such
other hardware as required to admit or carry support equipment for
the electronic system. Additionally, the equipment room module has
a roof and floor closing the opposite ends thereof, and has
essentially the same plan dimension as the structural modules and
usually is of less length than the structural modules. However, the
modules, and particularly the equipment room modules can be of
varying geometric configurations, and the equipment room modules
usually will be mounted at the top of the support modules although
they could be connected at various height locations on the tower in
alternating relationship with support modules, if desired. The
electronic equipment is mounted inside the equipment room modules
prior to the equipment room modules being lifted on top of the
support structure modules, and means are provided through the walls
thereof for the passage of cables and light ports and the like
therethrough. The floor of each equipment room module extends
beyond the exterior walls thereof a sufficient distance to provide
a working platform for outside installation or maintenance of
antennae.
In accordance with the invention, the various modules are designed
so that the heaviest one of them can be lifted and placed at the
final site by crane or helicopter, and the modules are completely
finished in the fabricating shop or facility, including all coats
of paint. If obstruction painting is not required by the FAA,
modules may be fabricated of "weathering" steel and all or part of
the painting omitted.
The tower in accordance with the invention has minimum deflection
and negible twist, resulting in maximum stability for microwave
parabolas, and several microwave parabolas or dishes may be mounted
on an integrated structure without undue loading thereon.
A further important consideration with the present invention is
that no guy wires are required for an installed tower, thus
resulting in minimum land requirements. In the case of
exceptionally high towers, guy supports may be used for additional
reliability.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the modular
tower can be disassembled and moved to another site with relative
ease, if desired.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a relay tower for
electric communications signals and the like, which is of
prefabricated module construction with the modules of the tower
constructed in a shop facility and then assembled in situ at the
site of installation of the tower.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a
prefabricated, modular, tubular relay tower for electric
communications signals and the like which does not require guy
wires or cables to impart stability thereto.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a
relay tower for television signals and the like which includes a
plurality of tubular, prefabricated support modules and at least
one tubular prefabricated equipment room module supported on the
top of the support module, said modules all being preassembled in a
shop facility and then shipped to the site of installation of the
tower and installed.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a
tubular, prefabricated modular relay tower for television signals
and the like, wherein a plurality of equipment room modules and
parabolic reflectors may be supported in either alternating or
adjacent manner on a plurality of tubular support modules and with
all equipment contained within the tower itself.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a
prefabricated, tubular, modular relay tower for television signals
and the like, wherein the modules of the tower may be easily
disassembled and the tower shipped to another site for
installation, as desired, and wherein the height of the tower may
be readily changed simply by adding or removing modules, as
desired.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a tubular
relay tower for television signals and the like, which has all
necessary electronic equipment therein and which is resistant to
vandalism, fire, wind and lightning and which requires
substantially less maintenance than conventional, open type relay
towers.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a view in elevation of a relay tower in accordance with
the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view in elevation, with portions
thereof broken away, of the tower shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a plan view looking down on top of the tower of FIG.
2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view along the line 4-4 in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary, detailed sectional view taken
along line 5--5 of FIG. 1, showing the manner in which adjacent
modules are secured together;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, taken along line 6--6 in FIG. 1
and showing the manner in which the equipment room module is
connected with an adjacent support module; and
FIG. 7 is a view in elevation of a second form of relay tower in
accordance with the present invention, wherein the tower is very
high and has a plurality of equipment room modules at the top
thereof.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the drawings, wherein like reference numerals indicate like
parts throughout the several views, a relay tower for television
signals and the like is indicated generally at T in FIG. 1 and
comprises a tubular base module B, a pair of tubular support
modules S1 and S2 secured together at their adjacent ends in
vertical stacked relationship on the base module, and a tubular
equipment room module E secured at the top of support module S2.
The base B is only about one-third as long as the support modules
and is on a suitable foundation F. A doorway D is in the side of
the base module B for gaining access to the interior of the tower
T, and a plurality of parabolic reflectors or antennae A are
secured on the outside of the equipment room module E.
The equipment room module E has a floor f (FIG. 2) which is
extended outwardly beyond the sides thereof to define an annular
work platform P extending outwardly from the base of the equipment
room module at the juncture of the equipment room module with the
adjacent support module S2 to provide a platform on which workmen
may stand to install and maintain antennae or other equipment on
the outside of the equipment room module.
The equipment room module also has a roof R thereon of
substantially the same plan dimension as the floor f, and work
platform P, and a hand rail H extends around the roof R to prevent
a person working on the roof from falling therefrom.
In FIGS. 2 through 6, further details of the construction of the
tower T are seen, and the foundation F comprises concrete or the
like recessed into a suitable excavation 10 in the ground G.
The base module B is generally cylindrical in configuration and
comprises a plurality of steel plates welded or otherwise suitably
secured together in a shop facility, and including all coats of
paint and the like thereon and then shipped to the site of
installation of the tower T.
The base module B has an annular inwardly directed ring flange 11
at the lower end thereof and a similar inwardly directed ring
flange 12 at the upper end thereof. As previously noted, a doorway
D is provided in the side wall of base module B, and a portion 13a
of a spiral staircase 13 is also prefabricated and connected inside
the base support module as by welding or bolts or the like. The
portion of the spiral staircase 13 in base module B may have a
platform 14 at the top thereof or the staircase may simply continue
upwardly into alignment with a continuing portion 13b of the spiral
staircase 13 in a super-adjacent support module S1. The base module
B is suitably secured to the foundation F by means of a plurality
of anchor bolts 15 or the like extended through flange 11 and into
the concrete foundation F.
The super-adjacent support module S1 is similarly completely
prefabricated and constructed of steel plates welded or otherwise
suitably secured together, and including all coats of paint and all
accessory devices therein, in a shop facility and shipped to the
site of installation of the tower T. The support module S1 also has
an inwardly turned annular ring flange 11 at the lower end thereof
and a similar ring flange 12 at the upper end thereof, and a
portion 13b of the spiral staircase 13 secured therein. The portion
13b of the spiral staircase is suitably connected such as by
welding or bolts or the like to the inside of the support module S1
in the shop facility and positioned in alignment with the portion
13a in the base module B. The support module S1 and base module B
are secured together at their adjacent ends by means of bolts 16 or
the like extended through the adjacent mating ring flanges 11 and
12.
A still further support module S2 is secured to the top of the
previously described support module S1 and is similarly
prefabricated and constructed in a shop facility. The uppermost
support module S2 has a portion 13c of the spiral staircase 13
therein suitably secured to the inside of the support module S2 by
bolts or welding or the like and is in alignment with the portion
13b in the subadjacent support module S1. The portion 13c of the
spiral staircase terminates at its upper end below the upper end of
the support module S2 in a small, rectangular, horizontal platform
17, and a ladder L extends upwardly from the platform 17 through a
suitable opening 18 in a floor f of the equipment room module E.
The two support modules S1 and S2 are secured together by means of
a plurality of bolts 16 or the like extended through the adjacent
mating ring flanges 11 and 12 on the adjacent ends thereof.
The equipment room module E is likewise completely prefabricated
and constructed in a shop facility, including painting thereof, if
required, and including provision of brackets (not shown) on the
outside thereof for mounting thereto of the antennae A, and
openings (not shown) through the side walls for suitable conduits
and the like to connect the antennae with suitable electronic
equipment 19, such as a receiver, an amplifier, and a transmitter,
inside the equipment room module. The floor or bottom f, roof R,
ladder L and flanges 11 and 12 are all also suitably welded or
bolted or otherwise connected to the equipment room module in the
shop facility, and a suitable manhole means or the like M is
provided in the roof R for providing access from the interior of
the module to the top of roof R. The equipment room module E is
secured to the top of module S2 by means of bolts 16 extended
through flanges 11 and 12 and floor f, which is clamped between the
flanges.
As seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, the roof R extends outwardly beyond the
sides of the equipment room module substantially the same distance
as the work platform P, and an opening O is provided in the
marginal edge portion of the roof R in alignment with a ladder L on
the outside thereof so that a person is able to climb downwardly
from the roof onto the work platform P for maintenance or the like
on the antennae A.
As seen best in FIGS. 5 and 6, the flanges 11 and 12 are welded to
the ends of the modules as at W, and suitable weatherstripping or
sealing means S is provided at all joints. Also, the floor f is
welded to the bottom of flange 11 on the equipment room module
E.
In constructing the relay tower T, each of the modules comprising
the tower is first completely fabricated in a shop facility and
then shipped to the site of installation of the tower. A foundation
F is constructed at the site of installation, and the base module B
is positioned on the foundation F and suitably secured thereto as
by means of anchor bolts or the like. A support module S1 is then
lifted onto the top of the base module by means of a crane or
helicopter or the like (not shown), and the base module and support
module are suitably secured together by means of bolts 16 extended
through mating abutting flanges 11 and 12 on the adjacent ends of
the support module and base module. Depending upon the height of
the tower T, one or more additional support modules S2 are then
lifted onto the top of the support module S1 and bolted thereto by
means of bolts 16 extended through the mating abutting flanges 11
and 12 on the adjacent ends thereof, with the stair portions 13a,
13b and 13c in the respective modules disposed in aligned
relationship with one another.
An equipment room module E is also constructed in a shop facility
and shipped to the site of installation of the tower. The antennae
A and necessary electronic equipment 19 are installed in the module
E on the ground and operatively connected together. The equipment
room module is then lifted onto the top of the top support module
S2 and bolted thereto by means of bolts 16 extended through mating
abutting flanges 11 and 12 on the adjacent ends of the equipment
room module and support module.
In a typical installation, base support module B has a height of
approximately 10 feet and a diameter of approximately 10 feet, and
each of the support modules S1 and S2 has a height of approximately
30 feet and a diameter of approximately 10 feet. The equipment room
module E also has a height of approximately 10 feet and a diameter
of approximately 10 feet, and the work platform P and roof R extend
outwardly beyond the sides of the equipment room module
approximately 2-1/2 feet. The portion 13c of the spiral staircase
in the upper most module S2 terminates approximately 6 feet 8
inches below the upper end of the support module S2, and the floor
of bottom f and roof R on the equipment room module comprise 1/4
inch thick steel plate. In this size and configuration, no
additional supports or guy wires or the like are necessary.
A modified tower T' is seen in FIG. 7 and comprises a plurality of
support modules S1, S2, S3 and S4 secured together in end-to-end
vertical relationship on top of a base support module B on a
foundation F. A plurality of equipment room modules E are secured
on the top of the support modules with each equipment room module
having a plurality of antennae A on the outside thereof. Due to the
extremely large height of the tower T' in FIG. 7, guy cables or the
like are attached to the tower T' to aid the tower in resisting
applied wind loads and the like.
Although particular configurations of the relay tower have been
shown and described herein, the geometric configuration of the
support modules and equipment room modules may be varied and need
not be cylindrical as shown, and one or more support modules may be
provided with one or more equipment room modules supported thereon,
or the equipment room modules may be positioned in alternating
relationship with the support modules, as desired.
While a spiral staircase has been shown and described for climbing
the tower, any suitable means may be provided for travelling
between the top and bottom of the tower, such as a ladder, or
elevator or the like, and the tower can vary in height up to
several hundred feet.
As this invention may be embodied in several forms without
departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, the
present embodiment is therefore illustrative and not restrictive,
since the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims
rather than by the description preceding them, and all changes that
fall within the metes and bounds of the claims or that form their
functional as well as conjointly cooperative equivalents, are
therefore intended to be embraced by those claims.
* * * * *