U.S. patent number 3,767,910 [Application Number 05/227,929] was granted by the patent office on 1973-10-23 for decorative structure.
Invention is credited to Roy Major Harrigan.
United States Patent |
3,767,910 |
Harrigan |
October 23, 1973 |
DECORATIVE STRUCTURE
Abstract
A decorative structure consisting of a plurality of optical
fibers mounted within a hollow slide and chimney which rest on the
upper edge of a conventional candle. The inner ends of the fibers
are disposed adjacent the candle flame so that light is transmitted
to the outer tips thereof.
Inventors: |
Harrigan; Roy Major (Winhall,
VT) |
Family
ID: |
22855026 |
Appl.
No.: |
05/227,929 |
Filed: |
February 22, 1972 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
362/569; 431/289;
362/810; D11/125; 385/901 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G02B
6/0005 (20130101); F21V 35/006 (20130101); F21V
17/04 (20130101); F21V 2200/10 (20150115); F21V
3/00 (20130101); Y10S 362/81 (20130101); F21W
2121/00 (20130101); Y10S 385/901 (20130101) |
Current International
Class: |
F21V
8/00 (20060101); F21V 35/00 (20060101); F21V
17/00 (20060101); F21V 17/04 (20060101); F21V
3/00 (20060101); F21p 001/02 () |
Field of
Search: |
;240/1EL,1R,1B,1P,13,17,95,98,16R,141 |
References Cited
[Referenced By]
U.S. Patent Documents
Primary Examiner: Matthews; Samuel S.
Assistant Examiner: Gellner; Michael L.
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A decorative structure, comprising:
a plurality of optical fibers, each having a light receiving end
and a light emitting end, arranged about a light source;
a light source consisting of a flame;
a holder for said optical fibers;
opening(s) to allow for the entrance of air; to supply said flame
light source and to allow for the exit of heat and the products of
combustion; and
a fuel supply for said flame light source.
Description
This invention relates to light - conducting fibers and materials,
decorative structures, and, more specifically, to decorative
optical-fiber structures which use an open flame as their source of
light.
Although modern production techniques have lowered the cost of
glass and plastic optical fibers so that such fibers are now used
for decorative purposes, the need for self-contained electrical
sources of illumination has heretofore prevented the marketing of
an inexpensive optical-fiber decorative structure.
Therefore the primary object of the present invention is to provide
an inexpensive optical-fiber display structure.
A more specific object is to provide an optical-fiber display
structure which uses an open flame, e.g., the flame of a candle, as
its source of light.
Other objects are to provide an inexpensive optical-fiber display
structure in kit form which can be assembled by a potential user; a
structure wherein the display pattern can be changed by the user;
and a structure wherein the color of the light of the candle flame
and/or the light from the tips of the fibers can be changed by the
user.
The above and other objects are achieved by means of a special
annular hollow slide and chimney into which a plurality of optical
fibers are mounted. The slide and chimney are adapted to fit over
the top of a candle, and are supported by the upper edge of the
candle. The fibers are mounted within the chimney so that the inner
end of each fiber is disposed adjacent, and directed toward, the
brightest portion of the flame of the candle. As the candle wick
burns and the wax melts, the slide and chimney follow the
decreasing length of the candle so that the inner ends of the
fibers remain directed toward the flange.
In another embodiment tubular sleeves of a transparent or
translucent material can be slidably mounted within the chimney so
as to change the color of the flame as viewed, and/or also to
change the color of the light being emitted from the tips of the
fibers.
In another embodiment the slide and/or chimney can take the shape
of a square so as to fit over the upper edge of square candles.
Various other configurations can also be used to fit onto candles
and other light sources of various shapes.
In still other embodiments the chimney may consist of a tubular
sleeve which rests upon an annular disc which contains a plurality
of fibers. The disc, in turn, can be affixed to a movable slide or
chase (sometimes known as a "wax-saver") which rests upon the upper
edge of the candle.
A fuller understanding of the nature and objects of the present
invention is provided by the following detailed description which
is to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings
wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view, in partial cross section, of the structure
of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional plan view through section 3--3 of
FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross section of one of the optical fibers used with
the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 6 is a side view, in partial cross section, of the structure
of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a portion of the structure of FIG.
6;
FIG. 8 is another preferred embodiment of the present invention
and;
FIG. 9 is a cross section of the light gathering lens of the
embodiment of FIG. 8.
Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, there is shown a decorative
structure 11 made up of a tubular chimney 13 which is attached to a
movable slide or chase 15. The latter fits over the top of a
candle, identified as 17, and rests on the upper edge of the
candle. Although slide 15 and candle 17 are shown as being tubular
and rod-shaped respectively, it should be noted that either element
may be square, or rectangular in cross section, or may take any
other common configuration. It is important only that the cross
section of the slide by sized so that it can rest upon the upper
edge of the candle.
A plurality of elongated fibers 19 are mounted through the sidewall
chimney 13 to form a decorative display pattern.
From FIGS. 2 and 3, it is shown that chimney 13 may be a
cylindrical sleeve or tube open at both ends and having a plurality
of orifices 21 in one, or more, tiers (FIG. 2) as desired. Orifices
21 preferably are spaced evenly around the sidewall and may be
sized to form a friction fit with each of the fibers.
Chimney 13 may be formed of an opaque or translucent material, but
preferably is of a transparent material such as thermosetting
plastic or glass. The material may be colored so as to mute the
light of the flame. This may be desirable as it will prevent the
light of the flame from distracting from the light being emitted at
the outer tips of the fibers. The coloring may be impregnated into
the material or may be applied to the inner surface of the chimney
either by a lacquer or by inserting a color sleeve within the
chimney. If the fibers are allowed to extend through the sidewall,
as shown, and no color sleeve is used, the light at the tips of the
fibers will be white and in contrast with the color of the chimney.
The color at the fiber tips will be the same as that of the sleeve,
however, if a colored sleeve is inserted within the chimney.
Orifices 21 are positioned so that the inner end of each optical
fiber is adjacent and preferably also axially aligned with the
brightest portion of the flame. If several tiers of fibers are to
be provided, then it is important that the inner ends of all of the
fibers are aligned with the flame. This will result in the
longitudinal axis of the orifices in the lower tiers being directed
upward toward the flame while those orifices in the top tiers are
directed downward toward the flame. As shown, the height of chimney
13 need only be sufficient to mate with slide 15 and still
completely enclose the flame.
From FIG. 2 it can be seen that slide 15 is formed with a
cylindrical sidewall 23 having an inwardly extending annular lip 25
at one end. Lip 25, in turn, has an upper surface 26 which is
angled upward and inward so as to engage the upper edge of the
candle. The width of lip 25 is sufficient to engage the upper edge
of the candle yet still provide a large opening about the candle
wick.
The outer surface of sidewall 23 (FIG. 3) may be fluted with a
series of parallel ridges and grooves, 27 and 29 respectively,
which are formed parallel to the major axis of the slide. Grooves
29 serve as vent openings to facilitate the flow of air upward
through the structure, and also serve to cool the inner surface of
the chimney as well as the inner ends of the fibers. Both the depth
and width as well as the number of grooves 29 and ridges 27 can be
varied as desired. For purposes of clarity, the fibers have been
omitted from FIG. 3.
The depth of the ridges is such that the slide forms a friction fit
within the inside of chimney 13. Thus the two pieces -- chimney 13
and slide 15-- can be releasably connected. This permits the user
to change the height the chimney extends above the candle flame
merely by moving the chimney up or down over the slide.
If desired, however, a permanent connection can be made by joining
together the two pieces with a cement or the like. It is also
possible to fabricate the chimney and slide as a single piece. This
may reduce manufacturing costs significantly, but will make it
somewhat more difficult to light the candle with the structure in
place.
The lower end of the slide can be provided with three or more
detents 31 which extend inwardly. These serve as stabilizers and
help maintain parallel alignment between the chimney and slide and
the candle.
Referring to FIG. 4, it is shown that each optical fiber 19
preferably is comprised of a central light-conducting core 33
surrounded by a light- reflecting sheath or jacket 35. The
light-conducting core has a higher index of refraction than that of
the jacket. Both portions are constructed of materials well known
in the art. For example, jacket 35 can be formed of a
polymethylmethacrylate having an index of 1.40 or less while core
33 is of polystyrene having an index of refraction of about 1.50.
In the alternative, to further decrease material cost,
light-transmitting fibers without a jacket may be used. Glass as
well as plastic rods of various compositions are suitable.
It is important to reach a balance between flexibility of the
fibers and their light-emitting capability. Each fiber should be
sufficiently flexible so that it can be bent or curved into
decorative designs of various configurations, and yet must also
have sufficient cross sectional area to permit an adequate amount
of light to be emitted. I have found that plastic fibers with a
diameter of 0.20 inches provide good light transmission yet are
also flexible. The smaller diameter fibers are more flexible while
the larger diameters transmit the most light.
Signifigantly, additional individual lights can be formed by
nicking or cutting the sidewall of each fiber to a shallow depth.
This will cause the light to be refracted to the surface thereby
becoming visible at each cut. In this manner, a number of points or
"sparks" of light can be emitted along the entire length of each
fiber.
In the above structure, fibers 19 are mounted within the chimney by
inserting one end thereof into one of the orifices 21. This may be
done by the potential user who obtains the various elements in kit
form and inserts a desired number of fibers into the orifices. The
inner end of each fiber can be secured within an orifice by means
of a cement or the like.
In an alternative mounting method, intense heat may be applied to
the inner end of each fiber. This causes the end of the fiber to
bead and form a bulb-like tip. Two purposes are served by this
operation. It prevents the individual fibers from being removed
from the chimney and also acts like a lens to greatly concentrate
the light gathering and transmitting quality of the fiber and
thereby increase the overall "brightness" of the structure.
Various other methods can be adopted to increase the amount of
light being transmitted to the tips of the fibers. The inside
surface of the chimney may be coated to form a mirror-like
reflective surface, or, in the alternative, light-refracting lenses
may be used. Such lenses, for example, may be placed between the
inner ends of the fibers and the open flame. Various types of lens
arrangements are possible. They can be formed by molding a hollow
sleeve of thermoplastic material to form a convex lens surface. The
sleeve is sized so that it can be curved into a circle and placed
horizontally within the chimney so that the lens portion is
ajdacent the flame of the candle and opposite the fibers. When such
an insert is used, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fiber
projecting through the chimney, or, in the alternative, to extend
the fibers so that they project into the sleeve, opposite the lens
portion. A circumferential groove or the like can be formed in the
sleeve for such purpose.
I have also found that bundles of fibers can be successfully
substituted for individual fibers. Each fiber in a bundle has a
small diameter of about 0.05 to 0.10 inches; a typical bundle
contains ten or more fibers, each fiber being approximately the
same length. I have further found that the use of three or four
bundles is sufficient to produce an attractive design. Each bundle
is mounted in a manner similar to the mounting of the individual
fibers.
Heat of the candle flame generally will produce no harmful effect
on the decorative structure, providing the candle is not moved
while lighted. When the candle is moved while lighted, however,
there is the possibility that it will be tipped to one side or the
other with the result that the flame may touch the inner ends of a
few fibers and cause some distortion or melting. The use of a heat
shield eliminates such a possibility. A simple shield can be
produced by inserting a glass tube or cylinder within the
chimney.
I have also found that a slide and chimney alone can serve as an
effective wind shield. I therefore envision the use of my invention
outdoors when the light of an open candle is desired in open
spaces. In this embodiment, the movable slide and chimney are
mounted over the top of the candle in a similar manner to that
described above.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6 there is shown another embodiment of the
present invention, identified as structure 37. This structure is
formed of a tubular chimney 39 which is mounted on top of a disc or
washer 41. The latter is coupled to a slide 43 which rests on a
candle 44. A plurality of optical fibers 45 extend through notches
in the edge of the washer.
Chimney 39 is a hollow, thin walled sleeve open at both ends. It is
fabricated of an opaque, translucent, of transparent plastic
material, or of glass, which may be colored as desired. Air vents
(not shown) may be formed in the bottom of the chimney but usually
are not necessary. Slide 43 is similar to slide 15 of FIGS. 1
through 4, having a sidewall 47 (FIG. 6) and an inwardly extending
annular lip with a smooth upper surface 51. Unlike slide 15,
however, slide 43 may have a smooth outer surface 53 as it does not
mate with another surface.
From FIG. 7 it is seen that washer 41 is an annular ring having a
series of thin notches 55 extending radially inward from the outer
edge. The width of each notch is preferably slightly less than than
the diameter of the fibers so that each fiber can form a tight fit
within a respective notch. Washer 41 is fabricated from a soft
plastic, hard rubber, or similar material having some flexibility
and "give" to simplify mounting of the fibers. The number of
notches can be varied as desired. I have found, however, that at
least 24 notches are desirable. As shown in FIG. 6, more than one
fiber can be inserted within each notch. The length of the fibers
can be varied so as to form several tiers of light emitting
tips.
The inner edge 57 of washer 41 (FIG. 6) is flat and is formed at an
angle which corresponds to the angle of surface 51 of lip 49.
In this manner the washer can be secured to the slide simply by
placing the former over the slide until the two surfaces 51 and 57
come into contact. To form a permanent connection, the two surfaces
51 and 57 may be joined by a cement or the like.
Chimney 39 can be attached to washer 41 by means of an annular
groove 59 which is formed on the top flat surface of the washer.
The diameter and width of the groove, as well as its depth, is such
that it firmly contains the lower end of chimney 39 and anchors the
latter to the washer. If necessary, the two pieces can be joined by
a cement.
Although not shown any one of a variety of colored transparent
sleeves can be utilized to provide different colors at the outer
end of the fibers. In FIGS. 1 through 4, this may be done simply by
inserting a colored sleeve within chimney 13. In FIG. 6 the same
effect is realized by placing an annular ring of the same
transparent material on top of washer 41.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in
FIGS. 8 and 9. Referring to FIG. 8, there is shown a chimney 61
which is supported by a slide 63. The latter rests upon the upper
edge of a candle 65.
Chimney 61, which is open at both ends, may be cylindrical or, as
shown, may have a cylindrical lower portion 67 and a convex upper
portion 69 which surrounds the candle flame. The chimney is formed
of a thermosetting plastic or glass. Its inside surface may be
coated with relfective material to concentrate the light from the
candle.
Slide 63 has an inwardly extending annular lip 71 which engages the
upper edge of the candle, a tubular body 73 which surrounds the
candle, and an outwardly extending lip 75 at the lower end thereof.
Lip 75 is sized to support the lower edge of chimney 61 while
tubular body 73 maintains axial alignment between the chimney and
slide.
Optical fibers 77 are secured to the outer surface of the chimney
by means of a flexible strip 79. As shown in FIG. 9, strip 79, in
cross section, has a convex outer surface 81 which terminates in a
pair of legs 83. These serve to hold the strip to the outside
surface of the chimney by means of a cement or the like. A
plurality of notches can be formed along the length of legs 83;
these notches serve as air vents.
The inside surface of the strip is also convex and is designed to
form a light-concetrating lens portion 85. A plurality of holes 86
are formed in the convex surface 81 opposite the lens portion. The
inner ends of each fiber 77 is mounted within a respective hole 86
either by friction fit or by means of a cement. The lens 85 is
designed to focus the light of the candle flame upon the base of
holes 86 thereby maximizing the amount of light reaching and being
transmitted through the fibers.
Strip 79 may be formed of a thermosetting plastic and can be
extruded as a continuous length then cut into lengths and mounted
about the inside surface of chimney 61. The fibers can be inserted
before or after the strip has been attached to the chimney. As
shown, the outer surface of the chimney may be colored 89. The
color extends over the entire surface of the chimney except for a
horizontal band where strip 79 is attached. Thus the light emitted
from the tips of the fibers contrasts with the light of the candle
flame as seen through the chimney.
It should be noted that the cross section of either slide 43 or
slide 63 also can be formed in any practical configuration to fit
over wax and tallow candles of various shapes and diameters, if
cylindrical, and also artificial candles which use butane or other
combustible materials as fuel.
* * * * *